Antimicrobial Compounds from Coleonema album (Rutaceae)

2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 489-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindy L. Esterhuizen ◽  
Riaan Meyer ◽  
Ian A. Dubery
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Inhibitory Compounds ◽  
Novel Drugs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bioassay Guided Fractionation ◽  
Inhibitory Strength ◽  
Bioautographic Method

Coleonema album, a member of the South African fynbos biome, was evaluated for its antimicrobial activity associated with its secondary metabolites. Ethanol- and acetone-based extracts obtained from plants from two different geographical areas were analyzed. A bioassay- guided fractionation methodology was followed for rapid and effective screening for the presence of bioactive compounds. The TLC-bioautographic method, used to screen the plant extracts for antimicrobial activity and localization of the active compounds, indicated the presence of a number of inhibitory compounds with activity against the microorganisms (E. coli, B. subtilis, E. faecalis, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, M. smegmatis, M. tuberculosis, C. albicans, C. cucumerinum) tested. Evaluation of the inhibitory strength of each extract by the serial microdilution assay indicated that the C. album extracts inhibited effectively all the microorganisms, with the minimum inhibitory concentrations in the low mg ml-1 range. Identification and structural information of the bioactive components were obtained by a combination of preparative TLC and LC-MS. It revealed the presence of coumarin aglycones which were responsible for the observed antimicrobial activities. The results of this study indicate that C. album possesses strong antimicrobial activity against a wide range of microorganisms that warrants further investigation into the use of the extracts or their active constituents as a potential source for novel drugs.

Antimicrobial activity of raw soybean, soybean flour and roasted soybean extracted by ethanol-hexane method

2017 ◽  
Vol 119 (10) ◽  
pp. 2277-2286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sireerat Laodheerasiri ◽  
Nirasha Horana Pathirage
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Antimicrobial Compounds ◽  
Soybean Flour ◽  
Hexane Extraction ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Inhibitory Compounds

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to determine the antimicrobial compounds extracted from various types of soybean materials; raw soybean, soybean flour and roasted soybean. Bacteria growth inhibition was tested in E.coli and S. aureus by disk diffusion method. Efficiency of antimicrobial activities were compared among the extracted solution. Design/methodology/approach Soybean (Glycine max) isoflavones contain the ability to inhibit the growth of many strains of microorganisms. The solid-liquid extraction, ethanol-hexane extraction, was modified to isolate the inhibitory compounds from the three different types of soybean materials. All crude extracts at various concentrations performed under different extracted solutions (75, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25 and 3.125 percent) were tested with E. coli. and S. aureus to determine the antimicrobial activities and the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC). Disk diffusion method was chosen to study the antimicrobial activity of isoflavones. Findings Soybean flour extract inhibited the growth of E. coli and S. aureus more effective than roasted soybean and raw soybean, respectively. The MIC of inhibitory compounds extracted from soybean flour was 6.25 percent (0.031 mg/ml), roasted soybean was 25 percent (0.125 mg/ml) and raw soybean was 50 percent (0.250 mg/ml). Crude extracts of soybean flour and roasted soybean showed better results than raw soybean. All the three of extracted soybeans inhibited the growth of E. coli better than S. aureus. Originality/value Ethanol-hexane extraction was successfully used to isolate the antimicrobial compounds from raw soybean, soybean flour and roasted soybean. Comparison of antimicrobial activity showed that soybean flour contained the highest inhibition activity.

scholarly journals Synergistic Antimicrobial Activities of Combinations of Vanillin and Essential Oils of Cinnamon Bark, Cinnamon Leaves and Cloves

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1406
Author(s):  
Rita Cava-Roda ◽  
Amaury Taboada-Rodríguez ◽  
Antonio López-Gómez ◽  
Ginés Benito Martínez-Hernández ◽  
Fulgencio Marín-Iniesta
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Cinnamon Bark ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pure Compounds ◽  
Main Component

Plant bioactive compounds have antimicrobial and antioxidant activities that allow them to be used as a substitute for synthetic chemical additives in both food and food packaging. To improve its sensory and bactericidal effects, its use in the form of effective combinations has emerged as an interesting possibility in the food industry. In this study, the antimicrobial activities of essential oils (EOs) of cinnamon bark, cinnamon leaves, and clove and the pure compounds vanillin, eugenol, and cinnamaldehyde were investigated individually and in combination against Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli O157:H7. The possible interactions of combinations of pure compounds and EOs were performed by the two-dimensional checkerboard assay and isobologram methods. Vanillin exhibited the lowest antimicrobial activity (MIC of 3002 ppm against L. monocytogenes and 2795 ppm against E. coli O157:H7), while clove and cinnamon bark EOs exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity (402–404 against L. monocytogenes and 778–721 against E. coli O157:H7). For L. monocytogenes, pure compound eugenol, the main component of cinnamon leaves and clove, showed lower antimicrobial activity than EOs, which was attributed to the influence of the minor components of the EOs. The same was observed with cinnamaldehyde, the main component of cinnamon bark EO. The combinations of vanillin/clove EO and vanillin/cinnamon bark EO showed the most synergistic antimicrobial effect. The combination of the EOs of cinnamon bark/clove and cinnamon bark/cinnamon leaves showed additive effect against L. monocytogenes but indifferent effect against E. coli O157:H7. For L. monocytogenes, the best inhibitory effects were achieved by cinnamon bark EO (85 ppm)/vanillin (910 ppm) and clove EO (121 ppm)/vanillin (691 ppm) combinations. For E. coli, the inhibitory effects of clove EO (104 ppm)/vanillin (1006 ppm) and cinnamon leaves EO (118 ppm)/vanillin (979 ppm) combinations were noteworthy. Some of the tested combinations increased the antimicrobial effect and would allow the effective doses to be reduced, thereby offering possible new applications for food and active food packaging.

Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of the Fresh aerial parts of Ammi visnaga L. from Algeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-76
Author(s):  
Soumia Keddari ◽  
Narimen Benaoum ◽  
Yasmina Mokhtaria Boufadi ◽  
Mansouria Belhocine ◽  
Ali Riazi
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Ammi Visnaga ◽  
Wide Range

Medicinal plants have been used for countries as cures for human diseases because they contain components of therapeutic value. Among these medi-cinal plants, Ammi visnage which have an immense reservoir of potential compounds attributed to the secondary metabolites which have the advan-tage of being of great diversity of chemical structure and have a very wide range of biological activities. The objectives of the present work were to stu-dy the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of phenolic compounds ex-tracted from A. visnaga L. Its extraction is performed by two methods, etha-nol extraction and water extraction. The results showed that A. visnaga L.. ethanolic extract contains a mixture of phytochemical classes as polyphenol, flavonoids and revealed that this plant has high antioxidant activity (IC50 0.069 mg/ml). Regarding the antimicrobial activity results expressed by the diameter of the inhibition zones by diffusion method AWDT, the most signifi-cant inhibition was observed against to Staphylococcus aureus (12 mm) to the ethanol extract at concentration of 100mg / ml. Thus the aqueous ex-tract had a significant inhibitory activity against on the strains Staphylococ-cus aureus (8 mm), E. coli ATCC 10536 (8 mm) to a concentration of 100 mg / ml. The results for the antibacterial properties have shown that Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes and M. luteus.) were more sensitive than gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E. coli ATCC 10536) against from the action of phenolic compounds of the Ammi visnaga ethanolic extract.

Screening of Antimicrobial Activity and Cytotoxic Effects of Two Cladonia Species

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 191-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birkan Açıkgöz ◽  
İskender Karaltı ◽  
Melike Ersöz ◽  
Zeynep M. Coşkun ◽  
Gülşah Çobanoğlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

The present study explores the antimicrobial activity and cytotoxic effects in culture assays of two fruticose soil lichens, Cladonia rangiformis Hoffm. and Cladonia convoluta (Lamkey) Cout., to contribute to possible pharmacological uses of lichens. In vitro antimicrobial activities of methanol and chloroform extracts against two Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli), two Gram-positive bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus), and the yeast Candida albicans were examined using the paper disc method and through determination of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs). The data showed the presence of antibiotic substances in the chloroform and the methanol extracts of the lichen species. The chloroform extracts exhibited more signifi cant antimicrobial activity than the methanol extracts. However, a higher antifungal activity was noted in the methanol extract of C. rangiformis. The maximum antimicrobial activity was recorded for the chloroform extract of C. convoluta against E. coli. The cytotoxic effects of the lichen extracts on human breast cancer MCF-7 cells were evaluated by the trypan blue assay yielding IC50 values of ca. 173 and 167 μg/ml for the extracts from C. rangiformis and C. convoluta, respectively.

scholarly journals In Vitro Antifungal Activities of a Series of Dication-Substituted Carbazoles, Furans, and Benzimidazoles

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 2503-2510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Del Poeta ◽  
Wiley A. Schell ◽  
Christine C. Dykstra ◽  
Susan K. Jones ◽  
Richard R. Tidwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Inhibitory Compounds ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fluconazole Resistant ◽  
Resistant Strains

ABSTRACT Aromatic dicationic compounds possess antimicrobial activity against a wide range of eucaryotic pathogens, and in the present study an examination of the structures-functions of a series of compounds against fungi was performed. Sixty-seven dicationic molecules were screened for their inhibitory and fungicidal activities againstCandida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans. The MICs of a large number of compounds were comparable to those of the standard antifungal drugs amphotericin B and fluconazole. Unlike fluconazole, potent inhibitory compounds in this series were found to have excellent fungicidal activities. The MIC of one of the most potent compounds against C. albicans was 0.39 μg/ml, and it was the most potent compound against C. neoformans (MIC, ≤0.09 μg/ml). Selected compounds were also found to be active againstAspergillus fumigatus, Fusarium solani,Candida species other than C. albicans, and fluconazole-resistant strains of C. albicans and C. neoformans. Since some of these compounds have been safely given to animals, these classes of molecules have the potential to be developed as antifungal agents.

Trigona laeviceps Propolis from Thailand: Antimicrobial, Antiproliferative and Cytotoxic Activities

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (05) ◽  
pp. 855-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supawadee Umthong ◽  
Songchan Puthong ◽  
Chanpen Chanchao
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Anticancer Properties ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Sw620 Cells

Propolis is one of the natural bee products which has long been used as a crude preventative and prophylactic medicine, and has been reported to possess antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative and anticancer properties. Propolis of the stingless bee, Trigona laeviceps, was extracted by water or methanol at 35% (w/v) yielding a crude water or a methanolic extract at 60 and 80 mg/ml, respectively, which is 17.1 and 22.9% (w/w) of the total propolis, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of both crude extracts was assayed on four selected pathogenic microbes by using the agar well diffusion method. The results suggested that both water and methanolic crude extracts have some antimicrobial activities, water extract has greater antimicrobial activity than methanolic extract. The relative order of sensitivity of the four microbes were, however, the same between the two extracts from the most to least sensitive, S. aureus > E. coli ≫ C. albicans ⋙ A. niger, with indeed no observed growth inhibition of A. niger at all. Antiproliferative and cytotoxic affects were tested on the colon carcinoma cell line, SW620, using the three parameters: (1) MTT assay; (2) cell morphology; and (3) the fragmentation of genomic DNA. The water extract of propolis showed a higher antiproliferative activity than that of methanolic extract to SW620 cells, additionally both appeared to cause cell death by necrosis.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Plant-Mediated Silver Nanoparticles UsingDioscorea batatasRhizome Extract and Evaluation of Their Antimicrobial Activities

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Nagajyothi ◽  
K. D. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Synthesize Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Dioscorea Batatas

The eco-friendly synthesis of nanoparticles through various biological means helps to explore various plants for their ability to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Here we have synthesized AgNPs by using rhizome extract ofDioscorea batatasat as well as room temperature (). AgNPs were characterized under UV-vis spectrophotometer, SEM, FTIR, XRD, and EDX. The antimicrobial activity of AgNPs was evaluated on gram positive (B. substilisandS. aureus), gram negative (E. coli), and fungi (S. cerivisaeandC. albicans). At room temperature,S. cerivisaeandC. albicanswere found to be more susceptible to AgNPs than at .

scholarly journals The Pomegranate: Effects on Bacteria and Viruses That Influence Human Health

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy B. Howell ◽  
Doris H. D'Souza
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Wide Range

Pomegranates have been known for hundreds of years for their multiple health benefits, including antimicrobial activity. The recent surge in multidrug-resistant bacteria and the possibility of widespread global virus pandemics necessitate the need for additional preventative and therapeutic options to conventional drugs. Research indicates that pomegranates and their extracts may serve as natural alternatives due to their potency against a wide range of bacterial and viral pathogens. Nearly every part of the pomegranate plant has been tested for antimicrobial activities, including the fruit juice, peel, arils, flowers, and bark. Many studies have utilized pomegranate peel with success. There are various phytochemical compounds in pomegranate that have demonstrated antimicrobial activity, but most of the studies have found that ellagic acid and larger hydrolyzable tannins, such as punicalagin, have the highest activities. In some cases the combination of the pomegranate constituents offers the most benefit. The positive clinical results on pomegranate and suppression of oral bacteria are intriguing and worthy of further study. Much of the evidence for pomegranates’ antibacterial and antiviral activities against foodborne pathogens and other infectious disease organisms comes fromin vitrocell-based assays, necessitating further confirmation ofin vivoefficacy through human clinical trials.

scholarly journals Efficiency of Basil Essential Oil Antimicrobial Agents under Different Shading Treatments and Harvest Times

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1574
Author(s):  
Zoran S. Ilić ◽  
Lidija Milenković ◽  
Ljubomir Šunić ◽  
Nadica Tmušić ◽  
Jasna Mastilović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Exposure Control ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Growing Conditions

The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of essential oils obtained from sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L. cv. ‘Genovese’) cultivated in the open field under different shading conditions (red, blue, and pearl nets with a shade index of 50% and full sunlight exposure (control plants)), harvested at different times. The antimicrobial activity of basil essential oils (BEOs) obtained from all samples was determined for four microorganisms, while determinations for an additional five microorganisms included samples from non-shaded plants, plants grown under red and pearl nets, and second harvest of plants grown under blue net. Basil essential oil exhibited antimicrobial activity surpassing the activity of relevant commercial antibiotics regardless of growing conditions in the case of B. cereus, K. pneumoniae and C. albicans, while superior antimicrobial activity was exhibited in the case of essential oils from plants grown under blue nets in the case of S. aureus, E. coli and P. vulgaris. The influence of the application of colored shading nets was highly significant (p < 0.01) in the cases of all analyzed microorganisms except C. albicans and P. aeruginosa, while the influence of harvest time was proven in the cases of all microorganisms except K. pneumoniae. ANOVA proved that antimicrobial activities are highly dependent on the methods of plant production, shading treatment, and harvest time. Obtained results are discussed in relation to previously determined composition and yield of essential oils from basil grown under shade nets and harvested in different periods.

scholarly journals Antibiogram and Phytochemical Analysis of Cinnamon, Clove, and Sichuan Pepper Extracts

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Bibek Adhikari ◽  
Pradeep Kumar Shah ◽  
Roman Karki
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Medicinal Plant Extracts ◽  
Wide Range

A wide range of medicinal plant extracts has phytochemicals that possess antimicrobial properties and these plants are used to treat several infections. The study aimed to assess the antimicrobial activities of some spices extracts and to evaluate the phytochemicals present in them. The extracts of spices were prepared using Soxhlet apparatus refluxing with methanol and ethanol. The well diffusion technique was implemented for the evaluation of antimicrobial activities of the extracts and the zone of inhibitions was recorded in millimeters. The antimicrobial test was done against five bacterial isolates: Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi, and Staphylococcus aureus and a fungal isolate: Candida albicans. The extracts were concentrated by Rotary Vacuum Evaporator and a stock solution of 200 mg/mL was prepared by dissolving in 10 % DMSO. Concentrations of 40, 60, 80 and 100 mg/mL extracts were used for antimicrobial activity. The result of this study showed that clove extracts had the highest antimicrobial property against all the test microorganisms. Methanolic extract of clove had the highest inhibitory effect against Proteus mirabilis (24.21±0.15 mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (19.78±0.23 mm), and Candida albicans (20.07±0.08 mm) whereas ethanolic extract was effective against Escherichia coli (20.44±0.16 mm), Salmonella Typhi (21.66±0.31 mm) and Candida albicans (21.11±0.09 mm). Cinnamon and pepper extracts, leaving some exceptions, also had antimicrobial properties. The presence of phytochemicals: polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins are the major components responsible for antimicrobial activity. Thereby, this study successfully demonstrated the possibilities of using spices extracts in the treatment of microbial infections.

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