scholarly journals A Secondary Informal Circuit of Globalisation of Production: Home-based Cashew Workers in Kerala, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asha Kuzhiparambil
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Informal Sector ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Informal Workers ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Cashew Nut ◽  
Home Based

<p>The paper contributes to the literature that examines the connections between local and global by extending the focus of cross-border production circuits to the hinterlands within the nation. A secondary informal circuit is conceptualised in order to argue how the informal sector is coexisting with the formal sector and contributing to the global market. For this purpose, the case of the cashew nut processing industry in Kerala, India, has been examined. The network of clandestine home-based cashew processors identified during the field study in Kerala illustrates the less visible local nodes of the global cashew circuit. The study also explores the informal workers’ restricted options and choices due to their gender, health issues, age and financial liabilities.</p>

scholarly journals TENAGA KERJA SEKTOR FORMAL DAN INFORMAL DI KABUPATEN BANGKALAN

Media Trend ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Yustina - Chrismardani ◽  
Bondan Satriawan
Keyword(s):  
Informal Sector ◽  
Temporary Workers ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Total Income ◽  
Informal Workers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Permanent Workers

<p>One of the interesting things studied from Kabupaten Bangkalan is the aspect of employment, especially based on formal and informal sector. Based on the formal sector workers who belong to the category of workers / workers and tried to be assisted by permanent workers / workers paid up to 76 percent, and informal workers are who try their own, trying to be assisted by temporary workers, free workers in agriculture, free workers in non-paid to reach 24 percent. Other important findings indicate that there is no significant difference in the total income of workers in the formal and formal sectors, which is an average of Rp 76,184, and it turns out that Bangkalan regency has not been the target of workers migration from the surrounding area.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals AN ASSESSMENT OF THE APPLICATION OF OCCUPATIONAL ERGONOMICS PRINCIPLES IN THE INFORMAL SECTOR OF HARARE AND MUTARE IN ZIMBABWE

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Jerie
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Health ◽  
Informal Sector ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Occupational Health And Safety ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Informal Workers ◽  
Employee Relationship ◽  
To Come

<p>A major challenge for the city authorities of Harare and Mutare in Zimbabwe is to come up with clear policies and actions aimed at supporting and nurturing the informal sector as well as improving health and safety in the sector. This study thus aims at assessing the awareness of ergonomics principles in the small scale enterprises of Harare and Mutare.<strong> </strong>The level of awareness of ergonomics principles is low in the small scale informal sectors of Harare and Mutare. It was expected that builders, woodworkers and welders would have a higher level of ergonomic principles, but this was not the case. The informal workers are employed in a high-risk sector, but survey results indicated that improving their work environment is not one of their top priorities. The financial situation and the fact that occupational hazards and diseases are not always visible means that their limited resources are allocated to field other than occupational health and safety. Workers in the informal sector are not affected by the traditional employer-employee relationship as that obtains in the formal sector where the employee is obliged to care for the workers occupational health and safety needs. In order to address occupational health and safety discrepancies in the informal sector there is need for change of mindset and this can be catalysed by the local authorities and other organizations. The local authorities can begin by ensuring basic occupational hygiene skills among the informal sector workers so that they may realize their economic potential and hence sustained businesses.</p>

scholarly journals Is Informal Sector Employment Marginal to Formal Sector Growth?

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (4II) ◽  
pp. 543-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Tahir ◽  
Pervez Tahir
Keyword(s):  
Informal Sector ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The State ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Informal Workers ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Government

Pakistan has adopted a neoliberal regime to open the economy to global competition and reduce the role of the state. This directional change brought increased flow of overseas remittances, speculative investment, and consumerism. Consequently, the economy in mid-2000s grew but commodity-producing sector contracted. Public sector spending has been falling, especially on social sectors. There are inadequate provisions for social security and employment based income guarantees. However, this growth and stability was short lived and there is now a fragile state and slowing economy. In the absence of an effective regulatory role of the state, and due to the failure in developing a long-term strategy to harness the labour force potential, there is a huge informal sector existing side by side with the formal economy. Almost 22 million of the employed labour force is earning its livelihood in streets and the government has no record of it. The informal workers can be categorised as self-employed workers and wage workers, doing diversified jobs from petty traders to small producers and from rickshaw driver to shoe shiners. It is difficult to measure the value added contribution of the informal sector in Pakistan. Indirect estimation approaches on the basis of employment and hours worked have been used to estimate the contribution of informal economy. For instance, Idris (2008) estimates the share at 36.8 percent of GNP, which is significant. Arby, Malik and Hanif (2010) measured the size of informal economy in Pakistan through a monetary approach. They find that the size has declined considerably.

scholarly journals Cakupan Kesehatan Universal (UHC) Pekerja Sektor Informal di Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 556-572
Author(s):  
Dodi Satriawan ◽  
Agus Joko Pitoyo ◽  
Sri Rum Giyarsih
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Informal Sector ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Single Frequency ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Informal Workers ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive

Health insurance receives a great deal of attention in the SDG’s, where one of its main targets is to guarantee a healthy life and to encourage welfare for all people of all ages or later to be called Universal Health Coverage (UHC). In Indonesia there are more informal workers than formal sector workers, but almost half of informal sector workers work without health insurance protection. This study aims to determine the achievement of UHC in terms of ownership of health insurance for informal sector workers. The database used in this study was sourced from SUSENAS 2018. Data processing and analysis techniques were carried out in a quantitative descriptive form of a single frequency table and a cross table. The results showed that based on socio-economic and demographic characteristics, Indonesian informal sector workers were dominated by men, living in rural areas, being married, being heads of households (KRT) and their partners, aged 18-44 years, having a population registration number (NIK) ), only completed the highest level of basic education, worked in industrial businesses, had no health complaints, was in households with the lowest 40 percent economic status, and did not self-medicate when ill. The study also found that there was still considerable variation in the achievement of UHC between provinces in Indonesia. When viewed by province, Aceh is the province with the highest percentage of health insurance ownership or UHC reaching 94.77 percent. Meanwhile West Kalimantan is the province with the lowest percentage of health insurance ownership, which is only 40.73 percent.

scholarly journals Evaluating the internal dualism of the informal sector: evidence from the European Union

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 605-616
Author(s):  
Colin C. Williams ◽  
Ioana Alexandra Horodnic ◽  
Jan Windebank
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Informal Sector ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
East Central Europe ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Informal Workers ◽  
Lower Tier ◽  
Informal Labour

Purpose To transcend the current debates about whether participation in the informal sector is a result of informal workers “exclusion” or their voluntary “exit” from the formal sector, the purpose of this paper is to propose and evaluate the existence of a dual informal labour market composed of an exit-driven “upper tier” and exclusion-driven “lower-tier” of informal workers. Design/methodology/approach To do this, data from a 2013 Eurobarometer survey involving 27,563 face-to-face interviews across the European Union is reported. Findings The finding is that in the European Union, there is a dual informal labour market with those participating in the informal sector due to their exclusion from the formal sector being half the number of those doing so to voluntarily exit the formal sector. Using a logistic regression analysis, the exclusion-driven “lower tier” is identified as significantly more likely to be populated by the unemployed and those living in East-Central Europe and the exit-driven “upper tier” by those with few financial difficulties and living in Nordic nations. Research limitations/implications The results reveal the need not only to transcend either/or debates about whether participants in the informal sector are universally exclusion-or exit-driven, and to adopt a both/and approach that recognises a dual informal labour market composed of an exit-driven upper tier and exclusion-driven lower tier, but also for wider research on the relative sizes of these two tiers in individual countries and other global regions, along with which groups populate these tiers. Originality/value This is the first evaluation of the internal dualism of the informal sector in the European Union.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pemilihan Kepala Daerah Terhadap Pasar Tenaga Kerja: Analisis Sektor Formal Dan Informal Level Kabupaten/Kota Di Pulau Jawa

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-161
Author(s):  
Beni Teguh Gunawan
Keyword(s):  
Informal Sector ◽  
Regional Economy ◽  
Phillips Curve ◽  
Local Elections ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Informal Workers ◽  
Formal Employment ◽  
One Year ◽  
Municipal Election

Local election (pilkada) become a political phenomenon impact to various other sectors, not least the economic sector. Local elections in Indonesia are conducted at district and provincial levels. The incumbent candidate will use their power to control the fiscal sector in the region to improve their electability. One of the effort is to improve performance of the regional economy that will impact on the new job creation as the trade-off concept in the Phillips curve. Empirical results indicate that district/municipal election significantly influences the absorption of informal sector workers. A year before the district-level elections, an increase of informal sector workers by 3.39%, in the other hand, it reduces formal sector employment by 5.54%. Different results are shown in the provincial elections, where one year before the pilkada has no impact on the formal sector. When district/municipal and provincial elections are held in the same year, the absorption of informal sector workers decreased by 4.77% while the formal sector increased by 8.28%. When the incumbent candidate participate the next election, the informal workers increase 6.58% while formal employment does not affected.

scholarly journals Human Capital, Income and Job Opportunities in Indonesia

SPLASH Magz ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-39
Author(s):  
M. Irji'Sa'Adi ◽  
◽  
Sri Harnani
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Informal Sector ◽  
School Level ◽  
High School Diploma ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
High School Level ◽  
Informal Workers ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
The Difference

This study used interviews with 150 online informal workers in Jakarta. 80% of the respondents we interviewed were high school graduates and 20% did not have a high school diploma. Based on the results of interviews, 70% of respondents who had high school certificates had worked in the formal sector and chose to work in the informal sector and respondents who did not have high school certificates had never worked in the formal sector. To anticipate the interview results, we collected secondary data from world banks and the Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics regarding data on unemployment in Indonesia, high school graduation and high school labor demand. Then we process all data in the form of an employment opportunity index which is calculated based on the supply and demand for labor where the supply of labor is the number of unemployed and graduated high school and the demand for labor in the demand for labor is high. school level. The income index is obtained from interviews with 150 informal workers by taking into account income while working in the formal sector, income in the informal sector and investment in education in the form of education from primary to final education. The human capital index is obtained from the difference in income and forecasting the difference in income of respondents who have a high school diploma and those who do not have a high school diploma. We use average data or all the data obtained is averaged based on a group of variables determined based on literature review and background and time series, then the regression is carried out using the moving average autoregression method. We find that human capital and job opportunities have positive relationship with income.

JUVENTUDE, TRABALHO INFORMAL E SAÚDE MENTAL

2020 ◽  
pp. 126-144
Author(s):  
Marina Batista Chaves Azevedo de Souza ◽  
Isabela Aparecida de Oliveira Lussi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Informal Sector ◽  
Informal Work ◽  
Informal Workers

Estudos apontam que jovens podem exercer trabalhos informais por necessidade não por desejo pessoal, o que pode acarretar impactos negativos na saúde mental. O objetivo do artigo foi apontar abordagens, destacar problemáticas e realizar reflexões sobre juventude, trabalho informal e saúde mental, através do mapeamento de estudos científicos. Realizou-se uma revisão de escopo pelo modelo de Arksey e O’Malley para mapear/sintetizar os estudos. Foram encontrados 51 artigos com a expressão: "informal work" OR "informal workers" OR "informal sector" OR "informal job" OR informality AND "mental health" AND "young adult" OR "young adults" OR young OR youth e 2640 teses e dissertações. Após as exclusões das duplicações, ensaios teóricos, revisões, trabalhos indisponíveis e estudos em que os títulos e resumos não abordavam a temática central, analisou-se 6 artigos científicos e 3 dissertações na íntegra. Os estudos são de anos diversos, a maioria quantitativos e investigam associações entre trabalhos informais/precários/desemprego e sintomas psiquiátricos. Questões geracionais não foram consideradas indicadoras de peculiaridades sobre o assunto nos artigos, mas duas dissertações trouxeram essa discussão. Foram inexistentes artigos que priorizam percepções do trabalhador sobre sua condição de trabalho/saúde, todavia, uma das dissertações analisadas abordou as condições sociais e o trabalho precário como sugestivos a problemas de saúde. Indica-se como necessário realizar reflexões que articulem saúde mental a condições políticas/socioeconômicas, considerando o trabalho como determinante de saúde/doença e a juventude como detentora de idiossincrasias que influenciam nas reflexões sobre o tema.

scholarly journals Social Security Enrollment as an Indicator of State Fragility and Legitimacy: A Field Experiment in Maghreb Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 266
Author(s):  
Walid Merouani ◽  
Claire El Moudden ◽  
Nacer Eddine Hammouda
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Discrete Choice Models ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Social Security Systems ◽  
State Fragility ◽  
Informal Workers ◽  
Informal Labor ◽  
State Legitimacy

State legitimacy and effectiveness can be observed in the state’s approach to delivering welfare to citizens, thus mitigating social grievances and avoiding conflicts. Social security systems in the Maghreb countries are relatively similar in their architecture and aim to provide social insurance to all the workers in the labor market. However, they suffer from the same main problem: a low rate of enrollment of workers. Many workers (employees and self-employed) work informally without any social security coverage. The issue of whether informal jobs are chosen voluntarily by workers or as a strategy of last resort is controversial. Many authors recognize that the informal sector is heterogeneous and assume that it is made up of (1) workers who voluntarily choose it, and (2) others who are pushed into it because of entry barriers to the formal sector. The former assumption tells us much about state legitimacy/attractiveness, and the latter is used to inform state effectiveness in delivering welfare. Using the Sahwa survey and discrete choice models, this article confirms the heterogeneity of the informal labor market in three Maghreb countries: Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia. Furthermore, this article highlights the profiles of workers who voluntarily choose informality, an aspect that is missing from previous studies. Finally, this article proposes policy recommendations in order to extend social security to informal workers and to include them in the formal labor market.

Economic Reforms in Jamaica

1996 ◽  
Vol 38 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 97-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Danielson
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Informal Sector ◽  
Budget Deficit ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
The Political ◽  
Rural Poor ◽  
Slow Response ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
The Past

AbstractThis paper briefly discusses the economic reforms that have taken place in Jamaica for the past 15 years and argues that the reforms, at least so far, are mixed, particularly with regard to the elimination of poverty. The basic problems are (1) a slow response of exports to large, frequent adjustments in the exchange rate, which prohibits low-wage labor, in the informal sector, from being absorbed into the formal sector; and (2) the large budget deficit, with the associated demands for large cuts in expenditures, which primarily affects the rural poor. It is suggested that the principal reason that reforms have been slow is because of the political price to be paid for unpopular measures in a competitive democracy

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document