scholarly journals Epigenetic alterations in endocrine-related cancer

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. R319-R330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Rodríguez-Rodero ◽  
Elías Delgado-Álvarez ◽  
Agustín F Fernández ◽  
Juan L Fernández-Morera ◽  
Edelmiro Menéndez-Torre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endocrine System ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Epigenetic Alterations ◽  
Post Translational Modification ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Cancer Tumor ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Tumor Types ◽  
Epigenetic Patterns

Aberrant epigenetics is a hallmark of cancer, and endocrine-related tumors are no exception. Recent research has been identifying an ever-growing number of epigenetic alterations in both genomic DNA methylation and histone post-translational modification in tumors of the endocrine system. Novel microarray and ultra-deep sequencing technologies have allowed the identification of genome-wide epigenetic patterns in some tumor types such as adrenocortical, parathyroid, and breast carcinomas. However, in other cancer types, such as the multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes and thyroid cancer, tumor information is limited to candidate genes alone. Future research should fill this gap and deepen our understanding of the functional role of these alterations in cancer, as well as defining their possible clinical uses.

scholarly journals Potential Epigenetic Mechanism(s) Associated With the Persistence of Psychoneurological Symptoms in Women Receiving Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra Lyon ◽  
Lynne Elmore ◽  
Noran Aboalela ◽  
Jacqueline Merrill-Schools ◽  
Nancy McCain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanism ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Epigenetic Alterations ◽  
Inflammatory Activation ◽  
Epigenetic Patterns ◽  
Psychoneurological Symptoms ◽  
Circulating Levels

Due to recent treatment advances, there have been improvements in the proportion of women surviving a diagnosis of breast cancer (BC). However, many of these survivors report persistent adverse side effects following treatment, such as cognitive dysfunction, depressive symptoms, anxiety, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and pain. Investigators have examined circulating levels of inflammatory markers, particularly serum cytokines, for a potential causal relationship to the development/persistence of these psychoneurological symptoms (PNS). While inflammatory activation, resulting from perceived stress or other factors, may directly contribute to the development of PNS, we offer an alternative hypothesis, suggesting that these symptoms are an early step in a cascade of biological changes leading to epigenetic alterations at the level of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation, histone modifications, and/or chromatin structure/chromosomal instability. Given that epigenetic patterns have plasticity, if this conjectured relationship between epigenomic/acquired genomic alterations and the development/persistence of PNS is confirmed, it could provide foundational knowledge for future research leading to the recognition of predictive markers and/or treatments to alleviate PNS in women with BC. In this article, we discuss an evolving theory of the biological basis of PNS, integrating knowledge related to inflammation and DNA repair in the context of genetic and epigenetic science to expand the paradigm for understanding symptom acquisition/persistence following chemotherapy.

scholarly journals Epigenetic Alterations in Bladder Cancer and Their Potential Clinical Implications

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Han ◽  
Erika M. Wolff ◽  
Gangning Liang
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Epigenetic Therapy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Epigenetic Alterations ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
Genetic Abnormalities ◽  
Tumor Types

Urothelial carcinoma (UC), the most common type of bladder cancer, is one of the most expensive malignancies to treat due to its high rate of recurrence. The characterization of the genetic alterations associated with UC has revealed the presence of two mutually exclusive molecular pathways along which distinct genetic abnormalities contribute to the formation of invasive and noninvasive tumors. Here, we focus on the epigenetic alterations found in UC, including the presence of an epigenetic field defect throughout bladders with tumors. A distinct hypomethylation pattern was found in noninvasive tumors, whereas widespread hypermethylation was found in invasive tumors, indicating the two pathways given rise to two tumor types also differ epigenetically. Since certain epigenetic alterations precede histopathological changes, they can serve as excellent markers for the development of diagnostic, prognostic, and surveillance tools. In addition, their dynamic nature and reversibility with pharmacological interventions open new and exciting avenues for therapies. The epigenetic abnormalities associated with UC would make it an excellent target for epigenetic therapy, which is currently approved for the treatment of a few hematological malignancies. Future research is needed to address efficacy and potential toxicity issues before it can be implemented as a therapeutic strategy for solid tumors.

scholarly journals Breast Cancer Detection

2021 ◽  
pp. 570-577
Author(s):  
Aayushi A. Chavhan ◽  
Archana D. Dhande ◽  
Mukul M. Uike ◽  
Dr. Manisha Khorgade
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Future Event ◽  
Real Thing ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
True Number ◽  
Cancer Tumor ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Difficult Situations

In poor countries, cancer death is one of the major puzzling and difficult situations for humankind. Even though there are many ways to turn away/avoid it from happening, some cancer types still do not have any treatment. The lack of strong and healthy outlook models results in difficulty for medicos to prepare a treatment plan that may cause continued patient survival time. Because of this, the necessary time is to develop the way of doing things which gives minimum error to (increase a tiny bit) (high) quality. Three sets of computer instructions SVM, CNN, and KNN which predict the breast cancer result have been compared in the project using different datasets. All experiments are executed within a test run (that appears or feels close to the real thing) (surrounding conditions) and done in JUPYTER (raised, flat supporting surface). The aim of the research separates and labels into three domains. The first domain is a prediction of cancer and the second domain is the prediction of (identification of a disease or problem, or its cause) and treatment, and the third domain focuses intensely on results during treatment. The proposed work can be used to (describe a possible future event) the result of different ways of doing things and good ways of doing things can be used depending upon needed things. This project is carried out to (describe a possible future event), detect and analyze the (quality of being very close to the truth or true number) of breast cancer. The future research can be carried out to (describe a possible future event) the other different limits/guidelines and breast cancer research can be separated and labeled on the basis of other limits/guidelines. From data received/obtained in this study it can be said that if a patient has a breast cancer tumor, detection of the tumor is possible.

Dicarbonyl derived post-translational modifications: chemistry bridging biology and aging-related disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-110
Author(s):  
Christian Sibbersen ◽  
Mogens Johannsen
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Post Translational Modification ◽  
Dicarbonyl Compounds ◽  
Protein Targets ◽  
Post Translational Modifications ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Glycation End Products ◽  
Direct Mass Spectrometry

Abstract In living systems, nucleophilic amino acid residues are prone to non-enzymatic post-translational modification by electrophiles. α-Dicarbonyl compounds are a special type of electrophiles that can react irreversibly with lysine, arginine, and cysteine residues via complex mechanisms to form post-translational modifications known as advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). Glyoxal, methylglyoxal, and 3-deoxyglucosone are the major endogenous dicarbonyls, with methylglyoxal being the most well-studied. There are several routes that lead to the formation of dicarbonyl compounds, most originating from glucose and glucose metabolism, such as the non-enzymatic decomposition of glycolytic intermediates and fructosyl amines. Although dicarbonyls are removed continuously mainly via the glyoxalase system, several conditions lead to an increase in dicarbonyl concentration and thereby AGE formation. AGEs have been implicated in diabetes and aging-related diseases, and for this reason the elucidation of their structure as well as protein targets is of great interest. Though the dicarbonyls and reactive protein side chains are of relatively simple nature, the structures of the adducts as well as their mechanism of formation are not that trivial. Furthermore, detection of sites of modification can be demanding and current best practices rely on either direct mass spectrometry or various methods of enrichment based on antibodies or click chemistry followed by mass spectrometry. Future research into the structure of these adducts and protein targets of dicarbonyl compounds may improve the understanding of how the mechanisms of diabetes and aging-related physiological damage occur.

scholarly journals Human Prehistoric Demography Revealed by the Polymorphic Pattern of CpG Transitions

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 2691-2698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoming Liu
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Neolithic Revolution ◽  
Cpg Sites ◽  
Hunting And Gathering ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Polymorphic Pattern ◽  
Improved Model

Abstract The prehistoric demography of human populations is an essential piece of information for illustrating our evolution. Despite its importance and the advancement of ancient DNA studies, our knowledge of human evolution is still limited, which is also the case for relatively recent population dynamics during and around the Holocene. Here, we inferred detailed demographic histories from 1 to 40 ka for 24 population samples using an improved model-flexible method with 36 million genome-wide noncoding CpG sites. Our results showed many population growth events that were likely due to the Neolithic Revolution (i.e., the shift from hunting and gathering to agriculture and settlement). Our results help to provide a clearer picture of human prehistoric demography, confirming the significant impact of agriculture on population expansion, and provide new hypotheses and directions for future research.

scholarly journals Dissecting the chromosome-level genome of the Asian Clam (Corbicula fluminea)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tongqing Zhang ◽  
Jiawen Yin ◽  
Shengkai Tang ◽  
Daming Li ◽  
Xiankun Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Corbicula Fluminea ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Ruditapes Philippinarum ◽  
Genomic Sequences ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Asian Clam ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
East And Southeast Asia ◽  
Clam Corbicula

AbstractThe Asian Clam (Corbicula fluminea) is a valuable commercial and medicinal bivalve, which is widely distributed in East and Southeast Asia. As a natural nutrient source, the clam is rich in protein, amino acids, and microelements. The genome of C. fluminea has not yet been characterized; therefore, genome-assisted breeding and improvements cannot yet be implemented. In this work, we present a de novo chromosome-scale genome assembly of C. fluminea using PacBio and Hi-C sequencing technologies. The assembled genome comprised 4728 contigs, with a contig N50 of 521.06 Kb, and 1,215 scaffolds with a scaffold N50 of 70.62 Mb. More than 1.51 Gb (99.17%) of genomic sequences were anchored to 18 chromosomes, of which 1.40 Gb (92.81%) of genomic sequences were ordered and oriented. The genome contains 38,841 coding genes, 32,591 (83.91%) of which were annotated in at least one functional database. Compared with related species, C. fluminea had 851 expanded gene families and 191 contracted gene families. The phylogenetic tree showed that C. fluminea diverged from Ruditapes philippinarum, ~ 228.89 million years ago (Mya), and the genomes of C. fluminea and R. philippinarum shared 244 syntenic blocks. Additionally, we identified 2 MITF members and 99 NLRP members in C. fluminea genome. The high-quality and chromosomal Asian Clam genome will be a valuable resource for a range of development and breeding studies of C. fluminea in future research.

scholarly journals Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals: Current Understanding, New Testing Strategies and Future Research Needs

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 933
Author(s):  
Maria E. Street ◽  
Karine Audouze ◽  
Juliette Legler ◽  
Hideko Sone ◽  
Paola Palanza
Keyword(s):  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Developmental Origins ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Important Class ◽  
Testing Strategies ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Health And Disease

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are exogenous chemicals which can disrupt any action of the endocrine system, and are an important class of substances which play a role in the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) [...]

scholarly journals mHealth Interventions to Address Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in Cancer Survivors: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5798
Author(s):  
Selina Khoo ◽  
Najihah Mohbin ◽  
Payam Ansari ◽  
Mahfoodha Al-Kitani ◽  
Andre Matthias Müller
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Personal Contact ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Multicomponent Interventions

This review aimed to identify, evaluate, and synthesize the scientific literature on mobile health (mHealth) interventions to promote physical activity (PA) or reduce sedentary behavior (SB) in cancer survivors. We searched six databases from 2000 to 13 April 2020 for controlled and non-controlled trials published in any language. We conducted best evidence syntheses on controlled trials to assess the strength of the evidence. All 31 interventions included in this review measured PA outcomes, with 10 of them also evaluating SB outcomes. Most study participants were adults/older adults with various cancer types. The majority (n = 25) of studies implemented multicomponent interventions, with activity trackers being the most commonly used mHealth technology. There is strong evidence for mHealth interventions, including personal contact components, in increasing moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA among cancer survivors. However, there is inconclusive evidence to support mHealth interventions in increasing total activity and step counts. There is inconclusive evidence on SB potentially due to the limited number of studies. mHealth interventions that include personal contact components are likely more effective in increasing PA than mHealth interventions without such components. Future research should address social factors in mHealth interventions for PA and SB in cancer survivors.

scholarly journals DNA Methylation and Intra-Clonal Heterogeneity: The Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Model

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3587
Author(s):  
Benjamin Lebecque ◽  
Céline Bourgne ◽  
Véronique Vidal ◽  
Marc G. Berger
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Fusion Protein ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Clonal Heterogeneity ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
The Impact

Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is a model to investigate the impact of tumor intra-clonal heterogeneity in personalized medicine. Indeed, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) target the BCR-ABL fusion protein, which is considered the major CML driver. TKI use has highlighted the existence of intra-clonal heterogeneity, as indicated by the persistence of a minority subclone for several years despite the presence of the target fusion protein in all cells. Epigenetic modifications could partly explain this heterogeneity. This review summarizes the results of DNA methylation studies in CML. Next-generation sequencing technologies allowed for moving from single-gene to genome-wide analyses showing that methylation abnormalities are much more widespread in CML cells. These data showed that global hypomethylation is associated with hypermethylation of specific sites already at diagnosis in the early phase of CML. The BCR-ABL-independence of some methylation profile alterations and the recent demonstration of the initial intra-clonal DNA methylation heterogeneity suggests that some DNA methylation alterations may be biomarkers of TKI sensitivity/resistance and of disease progression risk. These results also open perspectives for understanding the epigenetic/genetic background of CML predisposition and for developing new therapeutic strategies.

scholarly journals F-Box Genes in the Wheat Genome and Expression Profiling in Wheat at Different Developmental Stages

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1154
Author(s):  
Min Jeong Hong ◽  
Jin-Baek Kim ◽  
Yong Weon Seo ◽  
Dae Yeon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Brachypodium Distachyon ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Genome ◽  
Post Translational Modification ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
High Sequence Homology ◽  
Wide Scale

Genes of the F-box family play specific roles in protein degradation by post-translational modification in several biological processes, including flowering, the regulation of circadian rhythms, photomorphogenesis, seed development, leaf senescence, and hormone signaling. F-box genes have not been previously investigated on a genome-wide scale; however, the establishment of the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) reference genome sequence enabled a genome-based examination of the F-box genes to be conducted in the present study. In total, 1796 F-box genes were detected in the wheat genome and classified into various subgroups based on their functional C-terminal domain. The F-box genes were distributed among 21 chromosomes and most showed high sequence homology with F-box genes located on the homoeologous chromosomes because of allohexaploidy in the wheat genome. Additionally, a synteny analysis of wheat F-box genes was conducted in rice and Brachypodium distachyon. Transcriptome analysis during various wheat developmental stages and expression analysis by quantitative real-time PCR revealed that some F-box genes were specifically expressed in the vegetative and/or seed developmental stages. A genome-based examination and classification of F-box genes provide an opportunity to elucidate the biological functions of F-box genes in wheat.

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