scholarly journals L-glutamine ameliorates adipose-hepatic dysmetabolism in OC-treated female rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 246 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kehinde Samuel Olaniyi ◽  
Lawrence Aderemi Olatunji
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Lactate Production ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Hepatic Lipid ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Adipose Dysfunction

Adipose dysfunction and inflammation with or without hepatic defects underlie metabolic obesity. Glutamine (GLU) improves glucoregulation and metabolic indices but its effects on adipose function and hepatic lipid deposition in estrogen-progestin oral contraceptive (EPOC) users are unknown. Therefore, we hypothesized that GLUT supplementation would protect against adipose dysfunction and excess hepatic lipid influx and deposition in EPOC-treated animals by suppressing adenosine deaminase/xanthine oxidase (ADA/XO) activity and improving glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)-dependent antioxidant defense. Female Wistar rats weighing 150–180 g were allotted into control, GLUT, EPOC and EPOC + GLUT groups (six rats/group). The groups received vehicle (distilled water, p.o.), GLUT (1 g/kg), EPOC containing 1.0 µg ethinylestradiol plus 5.0 µg levonorgestrel and EPOC plus GLUT, respectively, daily for 8 weeks. Results showed that the administration of EPOC caused glucose dysregulation and increased triglyceride-glucose index and visceral adiposity, but the body weight and liver weight were not affected. However, EPOC significantly decreased adipose lipid, G6PD and glutathione and increased glycogen synthesis, ADA, XO, uric acid, lipid peroxidation, lactate production and gamma-glutamyl transferase activity (GGT). On the other hand, EPOC increased hepatic lipid, ADA, XO, uric acid, lipid peroxidation and lactate production and decreased glycogen synthesis, G6PD and glutathione. Nevertheless, supplementation with glutamine attenuated these alterations. Collectively, the present results indicate that EPOC causes metabolically induced obesity which is associated with adipose dysfunction and hepatic metabolic disturbance. The findings also suggest that glutamine confers metabo-protection with corresponding improvement in adipose and hepatic metabolic function by suppression of ADA/XO activity and enhancement of G6PD-dependent antioxidant defense.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF «METISEVIT» ON THE ACTIVITY OF ENZYME AND NONENZYME LINK OF ANTIOXIDANT PROTECTION UNDER THE BULL’S BODY CADMIUM LOADING

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2(66)) ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
B.V. Gutyj ◽  
Y. Lavryshyn ◽  
V. Binkevych ◽  
O. Binkevych ◽  
О. Paladischuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
Young Cattle

The article contains the research results of the effect of cadmium chloride on the indexes of enzyme and nonenzyme systems of  antioxidant defense system in young cattle, such as the activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione levels of vitamins A and E. It is established that feeding calves at a dose of toxicant 0.04 mg / kg activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione levels of vitamins A and E in the blood of experimental animals decreased throughout the experiment. The lowest indicators of antioxidant in the blood of young cattle is set on the twenty -fourth day of the experiment, which is associated with increased activation of lipid peroxidation and the balance between antioxidant system and lipid peroxidation intensity. Given the cadmium load of young cattle it is used a new integrated drug with antioxidant action «Metisevit», which includes metifen, sodium selenite and vitamin E wich is founded as stimulating effects on the activity of antioxidant protection. In particular,it is established probable increase in activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione levels, vitamin A and vitamin E in the blood of young cattle, which has performed cadmium stress. These changes occur through comprehensive action components of the drug «Metisevit» that leads to the normalization of metabolic processes and free radical in the body of the bull. The results of the research indicate antioxidant drug «Metisevit» in the application of its young cattle and the validity of his administration to improve the body's antioxidant status of chronic cadmium toxicosis.

scholarly journals Impact of lead acetate and sodium and potassium stearates on lipid peroxidation processes in the body of experimental animals

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 406-410
Author(s):  
Olha Ye. Fedoriv ◽  
Alexandra Ye. Kopach ◽  
Nataliia A. Melnyk
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Sodium Stearate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
White Female ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diene Conjugates ◽  
Group 2

Introduction. Given the significant prevalence of lead in the environment, research in this area has significant social and economic importance. Lead compounds are characterized by high toxicity and increased ability to cumulate in ecosystems, humans, and animals. Lead enters the human body with food, drinking water, atmospheric air, and smoking. Lead causes pathological changes in the nervous system, blood-forming organs, kidneys, etc. Materials and methods. The experiments were carried out on four groups of white female rats, each included seven animals, weighing 150-200 g. The first group of animals was a control. The second group consumed dechlorinated water from the city water supply, followed by lead acetate. The animals from the third and fourth groups drank the same water with sodium stearate and potassium stearate content in a dose of 1/250 LD50. After the 40th-day of the use of these waters, the animals were orally administered lead acetate at a dose of 7 mg/kg. The levels of lipid peroxidation biomarkers were studied by studying the content of diene conjugates (DC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in blood serum, liver, and kidney homogenates. Results. The administration of 1/2 acetate LD50 to lead in experimental rats drinking water with stearates was accompanied by a significant increase in the DCs concentration and (MDA) in animals. Higher concentrations of LPO products were observed in the group of animals that consumed water from potassium stearate. Conclusions. 1. With the oral administration of lead acetate against the background of drinking water containing stearates at a dose of 1/250 LD50, an increase in lipid peroxidation indices was noted compared with the control group. 2. Higher concentrations of LPO products were observed in the group of animals consuming water from potassium stearate.

PROOXIDANT AND ANTIOXIDANT BLOOD SYSTEMS AND CYTOKINE PROFILE IN PATIENTS WITH ABDOMINAL SEPSIS

2020 ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
Miziev I.A. ◽  
Akhkubekov R.A. ◽  
Ivanova Z.O.
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Abdominal Sepsis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Blood Cytokines ◽  
Nbt Test ◽  
Excessive Entry ◽  
Plasma Antioxidant

Aim. to study the dynamics of clinical and laboratory parameters of endogenous intoxication and prooxidant and antioxidant blood systems in patients with abdominal sepsis. Material and methods. 57 patients with abdominal sepsis were examined. The inclusion criteria for the study were the presence of a clinic of abdominal sepsis and changes in the parameters of the prooxidant and antioxidant blood systems and blood cytokines. Results. In patients with abdominal sepsis, signs of oxidative damage to lipids and proteins were found, as evidenced by a significant increase in the MDA level up to 5.8 μmol / L, catalase content in erythrocytes 94 mmol / min*gHb, spontaneous NBT test activity up to 95% and a decrease in ceruloplasmin in the blood up to 194 mg / l. With abdominal sepsis, a significant increase in the level of TNF-82.7 pkg/ml, IL-10 to 167.6 pkg/ml, IL-6 to the maximum values in this study up to 286.4 pg/ml and IL to 34 pkg was /ml observed. Conclusion. It was found that in patients with abdominal sepsis there is an increase in lipid peroxidation indicators - malondialdehyde in the blood plasma, the activity of the spontaneous NBT test, depending on the phase of the disease and the presence of complicated forms. Changes in the antioxidant defense of the body in abdominal sepsis are manifested by inhibition of the plasma antioxidant ceruloplasmin with a simultaneous increase in catalase in erythrocytes, depending on the phase of the disease and also on the presence of complicated forms of the disease. As a result of this study, increased production of a complex of both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines with their rapid and excessive entry into the peripheral blood was revealed.

Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 averts Free Fatty acids deposition in the hearts of oral estrogen-progestin contraceptive-induced hyperinsulinemic female rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tolulope Eniola Omolekulo ◽  
Isaiah Woru Sabinari ◽  
Emmanuel Damilare Areola ◽  
Folasade O Ajao ◽  
Olayinka Olawale Asafa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Adenosine Deaminase ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Dipeptidyl Peptidase ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4

Free fatty acids deposition in non-adipose tissues such as the heart is a characteristic of insulin resistant states which features hyperinsulinemia and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) activation. Estrogen-progestin oral contraceptives (OC) treatment reportedly increased DPP-4 activity in rat tissue and DPP-4 inhibitors have anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aims to investigate the effects of DPP-4 inhibition on cardiac free fatty acid (FFA) deposition in estrogen-progestin treated female rats.From our data, estrogen-progestin OC exposure in female rats led to elevated plasma insulin, cardiac DPP-4 activity, FFA and triglyceride (TG) accumulation, Triglyceride/high density lipoprotein (TG/HDL) ratio, adenosine deaminase/xanthine oxidase/uric acid pathway, lipid peroxidation, glycogen synthase activity and alanine phosphatase whereas cardiac glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, Na/K-ATPase and nitric oxide (NO) were decreased. However, DPP-4 inhibition resulted in decreased plasma insulin, cardiac DPP-4 activity, FFA, TG and TG/HDL-C ratio and alkaline phosphatase. These were accompanied by reduced adenosine deaminase/xanthine oxidase/uric acid (ADA/XO/UA) pathway, lipid peroxidation and augmented NO and Na/K-ATPase in estrogen-progestin OC-treated rats.DPP-4 inhibition attenuated cardiac lipid deposition accompanied by reduced activity in the ADA/XO/UA pathway in estrogen-progestin OC-treated female rats. DPP-4 is therefore a plausible therapeutic target in cardiometabolic disorders

scholarly journals State of antioxidant protection system in carp hepatopancrease affected by associative Aeromonas Hydrophila infection with Saprolegnia Sp.

2020 ◽  
pp. 85-89
Author(s):  
Kh. Ya. Solopova ◽  
◽  
O. I. Vishchur ◽  
M. Z. Korylyak ◽  
I. Ye. Solovodzinska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Peroxidation Processes ◽  
Experimental Group

Bacterial diseases are responsible for heavy mortality in both wild and cultured fish. Co-infections are very common in nature and occur when hosts are infected by two or more different pathogens either by simultaneous or secondary infections so that two or more infectious agents are active together in the same host. Associative infections pose a significant threat to fish farming, so it is necessary to develop effective means of prevention and treatment of these infections; it is advisable to study in detail their impact on various fish. The aim of the study was to determine the intensity of lipid peroxidation processes and the activity of the antioxidant defense system in the body of carp suffering from aeromonosis and the associated infection of aeromonosis with saprolegniosis. The research was conducted at the Lviv Research Station of the Institute of Fisheries of NAAS. There were three groups of fish, 5 in each. The control group consisted of clinically healthy fish, the first experimental group (D1) – carps affected by Aeromonas hydrophila infection, the second experimental group (D2), which consisted of carps affected by associative Aeromonas hydrophila infection with Saprolegnia Sp. The results of studies have shown that carp with associative infection ‒ of Aeromonas hydrophila infection with Saprolegnia Sp. leads to the activation of lipid peroxidation processes, especially the primary product of LPO. Thus, in the hepatopancreas of fish there was an increase of 1.4 (p <0.05) in the reasonable content of diene conjugates and there was a tendency to increase the content of TBA-active products. At the same time, the inhibitory effect of pathogenic factors of this disease on the activity of the enzymatic link of the antioxidant defense system was stated. In particular, carp patients with associative infection ‒ of Aeromonas hydrophila infection with Saprolegnia Sp. had higher catalase and superoxide dismutase activity, respectively, 1.3 (p <0.05) and 2.3 (p <0.01) times. The results of experimental studies made it possible to expand and deepen the mechanisms of the pathogenesis of the co-infection of Aeromonas hydrophila infection with Saprolegnia Sp. and to use the data to develop effective treatments.

scholarly journals Variations in oxidative stress and antioxidant defense level during different phases of hibernation in common Asian toad, Duttaphrynus melanostictus

Biology Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prabhati Patnaik ◽  
Deba Das Sahoo
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Protein Carbonylation ◽  
Active Period ◽  
Duttaphrynus Melanostictus ◽  
Steady Level

To assess redox status during hibernation with metabolic depression, oxidative stress parameters and antioxidant defense were assessed during different phases of hibernation including active period, hibernation, arousal, and post arousal period, in the liver and brain tissues of Duttaphrynus melanostictus. We hypothesized low levels of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense during the hibernation period in comparison to the summer active period due to hypometabolism and their subsequent increase during the arousal period following an increase in body temperature and metabolism. Contrary to our hypothesis increased oxidative stress with significantly higher lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, GSSG/GSH ratio, and elevated antioxidants defense consisting of higher catalase activity and high ascorbic acid content to control oxidative stress were found during hibernation. However, GSH and uric acid levels were found low with SOD activities at a steady level during hibernation. Supporting our hypothesis increased oxidative stress with high lipid peroxidation and GSSG/GSH ratio were found during arousal from hibernation owing to increased oxygen consumption and rewarming. Augmented catalase and SOD activities and nonenzymatic antioxidants (GSH, ascorbic acid, and uric acid) level were found to counteract oxidative stress during arousal periods as it was expected. A steady level of protein carbonylation indicating no oxidative damage during arousal from hibernation due to elevated antioxidant defense shows the significance of hibernation to overcome food and water scarcity and cold climatic condition. Decrease in antioxidants levels accompanying coming down of lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, and GSSG/GSH ratio to their lower levels during post arousal period showing normalcy in redox status as it was during active period indicates controllability of oxidative stress in hibernating toads.

Effect ofBauhinia racemosaStem Bark on N-nitrosodiethylamine-Induced Hepatocarcinogenesis in Rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (01) ◽  
pp. 103-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramanathan Sambath Kumar ◽  
Rajagopal Shanmuga Sunderam ◽  
Thangavel Sivakumar ◽  
Palanivel Sivakumar ◽  
Raman Sureshkumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Serum Enzymes ◽  
Nodule Development ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Defense System

The aim of this study is to investigate the antioxidant defense system induced by the methanol extract of Bauhinia racemosa L.(MEBR) against N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in Wister albino rats. The effects of MEBR on surface visible macroscopic (Morphometry) liver lesions (neoplastic nodules) and the levels of serum enzymes, lipid peroxidation and antioxidants were evaluated in NDEA-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats.In rats treated, with NDEA, significantly elevated levels of serum enzymes (SGOT, SGPT and ALP), bilirubin and decreased levels of protein and uric acid were observed. Significantly elevated amount of malondialdehyde (MDA), the end product of lipidperoxidation, indicated higher levels of lipid peroxidation, which was accompanied by significantly decreased levels of antioxidants like vitamin C, vitamin E, reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Administration of MEBR was able to suppress nodule development/hepatocellular lesion formation in rats. The extract treatment increases in antioxidant levels and dramatic decreases in lipid peroxidation levels. MEBR also produced a protective effect by decreasing the level of serum enzymes, bilirubin and increased the protein and uric acid levels. The results suggest that MEBR exert chemopreventive effects by suppressing nodule development and decreasing lipid peroxidation and enhancing the levels of antioxidants in NDEA carcinogenesis by reducing the formation of free radicals.

scholarly journals Typical relationships between the indexes of lipid peroxidation/ antioxidant protection and immune regulation in the patients with chronic atrophic gastritis and stomach cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 897-906
Author(s):  
O. V. Smirnova ◽  
V. V. Tsukanov ◽  
A. A. Sinyakov ◽  
O. L. Moskalenko ◽  
N. G. Elmanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Atrophic Gastritis ◽  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Malonic Dialdehyde ◽  
Chronic Atrophic Gastritis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antioxidant Protection

Chronic atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer represent distinct steps of one pathogenic process. The risk of developing cancer of the stomach is directly proportional to the degree of atrophic changes simultaneously detected in antral segment and in the body of the stomach. The role of immune system in transformation of precancerous diseases into cancer is beyond doubt. During development of the malignant disease, the changes in lipid peroxidation systems – antioxidant defense become significant and contribute to the progression of the tumor and the development of metastases. A simultaneous study of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense indices along with phagocytic activity will allow us to evaluate relative contribution of these processes to development of chronic atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer. Purpose of the present study was to assess correlations between the lipid peroxidation indices, i.e. antioxidant protection, and chemiluminescent activity of neutrophilic granulocytes and monocytes in chronic atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer. Forty patients with chronic gastritis, 22 patients with chronic atrophic gastritis and 40 patients with gastric cancer were examined. The control group consisted of 50 practically healthy age-matched volunteers. Evaluation of spontaneous and induced production of reactive oxygen species by neutrophils and monocytes was carried out by chemiluminescent analysis. The parameters of lipid peroxidation/ antioxidant protection were determined by spectrophotometric methods. Statistical data processing was carried out using the Statistica v. 8.0 program (StatSoft Inc., USA). The normal distribution of indices was tested using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov method (adjusted by Lillefors). Quantitative indicators, given the normal distribution, were described using the median (Me) and interquartile scatter (Q0.25-Q0.75). To study statistical significance of differences between quantitative characteristics, the Mann–Whitney test was used. To study strength of relationships of these indicators, the Pearson rank correlation coefficient (r) was calculated. The critical significance level (p) when testing statistical hypotheses was taken equal to 0.05. Correlation analysis showed that the weight of positive correlations increases in patients with chronic atrophic gastritis, and it decreases in patients with gastric cancer, the strength of the correlation dependence and new relationships appear between chemiluminescent activity of neutrophils and monocytes in a spontaneous and induced state, and the amounts of malonic dialdehyde, enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase. In chronic atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer we have established the features of correlation patterns between lipid peroxidation/antioxidant protection indices, and activity of neutrophils and monocytes.

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