scholarly journals Surface characteristics of particleboard produced from hydro-thermally treated wheat stalks

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 7648-7659
Author(s):  
Ümit Büyüksarı ◽  
Hüseyin Akkılıç
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Thermal Modification ◽  
Scientific Instrument ◽  
Average Roughness ◽  
Wood Particles ◽  
Angle Method ◽  
Thermally Treated

Surface characteristics were studied for particleboards produced from hydro-thermally treated (HTT) and non-treated (NT) wheat stalk (WS). Wood and wheat stalk particles were used as experimental materials. The wheat stalk particles were subjected to HTT at a temperature of 180 °C for 8 minutes in a steam explosion machine. HTT and NT WS particles were added at 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% to the wood particles. The surface roughness and wettability of the produced panels were determined. The roughness measurements, average roughness (Ra), maximum roughness (Rmax), and mean peak-to-valley height (Rz) were performed using a fine stylus tracing technique. The wetting behavior of the panels was characterized by the contact angle method (goniometer technique). The contact angle (CA) measurements were obtained by using a KSV Cam-101 Scientific Instrument connected with a digital camera and computer system. Statistical analyses showed significant differences in the surface roughness and wettability of the particleboards following hydro-thermal modification. The addition of WS to the panels significantly decreased the roughness values. However, all of the HTT groups exhibited higher roughness compared to NT groups. The CA values decreased when the WS content increased. The wettability of the particleboard containing HTT WS particles was improved.

scholarly journals Efficacy of one-step and multi-step polishing systems in finishing direct composite restoration: a non-randomised controlled experimental trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-45
Author(s):  
O. A. Pavlovich ◽  
I. A. Vykhristyuk ◽  
V. Yu. Buzko ◽  
V. V. Pavlovich
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Design And Technology ◽  
Scientific Instrument ◽  
Optical Profilometry ◽  
Average Roughness ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Diamond Abrasive ◽  
Scanning Electron

Background. The variety of polishing systems and tools available for finishing direct composite restorations may perplex the dentist.Objectives. An effect evaluation in one- and multi-step composite polishing tools using model specimens of GC Gradia Direct and 3M ESPE Filtek Ultimate restoratives.Methods. The prepared specimens of GC Gradia Direct and 3M ESPE Filtek Ultimate restorative composites were exposed in laboratory to the Kenda Maximus, Dentsply PoGo, Kagayaki RoundFlex, Shofu Super-Snap, Kagayaki Ensmart Pin, EVE Composoft polishing systems and Daiyamondo Kagayaki paste. The polishing systems distinguished by brand, technical and performance characters.Surface microgeometry in all 16 samples was estimated in the Laboratory of Optical Metrology, Institute of Design and Technology for Scientific Instrument Engineering, Novosibirsk, using a MNP-1 light interferometric nanoprofile microscope and at the shared core facilities of the Research and Education Centre “Nanomaterial Diagnostics and Properties” of Kuban State University, Krasnodar, using a JEOL JSM-7500F scanning electron microscope.Results. Optical profilometry and scanning electron microscopy were used to estimate surface roughness in 16 specimens exposed to polishing for one minute. The polishing tools Kenda Maximus, Dentsply PoGo, Kagayaki RoundFlex, Shofu Super-Snap, Kagayaki Ensmart Pin, EVE Composoft, as well as Daiyamondo Kagayaki paste used in instrumental polishing, revealed a varied performance. Optical profilometry exhibited the GC Gradia Direct and Filtek Ultimate specimens to possess the lowest average roughness in two cases: 1) after multi-step polishing with Kagayaki Ensmart Pin tools with Daiyamondo Kagayaki paste (average roughness corresponded to Sa — 0.214 pm in GC Gradia Direct and Sa — 0.248 pm — in Filtek Ultimate), 2) in application of the Kenda Maximus monopolishing tool (roughness values of Sa — 0.211 and Sa — 0.242 pm, respectively). Surface roughness after multi-step machining with EVE Composoft silicone polishers was average Sa — 0.579 and Sa — 0.549 pm in both samples and was reported the highest. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the optical profilometry estimates.Conclusion. The assay showed that the specimen machining with a sole Kenda Maximus diamond abrasive tool and several Kagayaki Ensmart Pin silicone polishing heads followed by a Daiyamondo Kagayaki diamond abrasive paste application produced very similar surface roughness values, which were graded the lowest with GC Gradia Direct and 3M ESPE Filtek Ultimate composite samples using scanning electron microscopy and optical profilometry.

scholarly journals Effects of Various Polishing Techniques on the Surface Characteristics of the Ti-6Al-4V Alloy and on Bacterial Adhesion

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1057
Author(s):  
Yu-Ting Jhong ◽  
Chih-Yeh Chao ◽  
Wei-Chun Hung ◽  
Je-Kang Du
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Surface Oxygen ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electrolytic Polishing ◽  
Surface Contact ◽  
Surface Contact Angle

Ti-6Al-4V, although widely used in dental materials, causes peri-implant inflammation due to the long-term accumulation of bacteria around the implant, resulting in bone loss and eventual failure of the implant. This study aims to overcome the problem of dental implant infection by analyzing the influence of Ti-6Al-4V surface characteristics on the quantity of accumulated bacteria. Ti-6Al-4V specimens, each with different surface roughness are produced by mechanical, chemical, and electrolytic polishing. The surface roughness, surface contact angle, surface oxygen content, and surface structure were measured via atomic force microscopy (AFM), laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), drop shape analysis (using sessile drop), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The micro and macro surface roughness are 10.33–120.05 nm and 0.68–2.34 μm, respectively. The surface X direction and Y direction contact angle are 21.38°–96.44° and 18.37°–92.72°, respectively. The surface oxygen content is 47.36–59.89 at.%. The number of colonies and the optical density (OD) are 7.87 × 106–17.73 × 106 CFU/mL and 0.189–0.245, respectively. The bacterial inhibition were the most effective under the electrolytic polishing of Ti-6Al-4V. The electrolytic polishing of Ti-6Al-4V exhibited the best surface characteristics: the surface roughness of 10 nm, surface contact angle of 92°, and surface oxygen content of 54 at.%, respectively. This provides the best surface treatment of Ti-6Al-4V in dental implants.

scholarly journals Comparative study on the influence of surface characteristics on de-icing evaluation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halar Memon ◽  
Kiana Mirshahidi ◽  
Kamran Alasvand Zarasvand ◽  
Kevin Golovin ◽  
Davide S. A. De Focatiis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Adhesion Strength ◽  
Partial Correlation ◽  
Contact Angle Hysteresis ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Ice Adhesion

AbstractA comparative study of de-icing evaluation methods was conducted in this work, and their variations in response to surface characteristics were investigated. The mechanical de-icing measurements include centrifugal, push, and tensile methods. The centrifugal and the horizontal push (shear) methods suggested a linear relationship of ice adhesion strength with surface roughness, whereas the tensile (normal) method indicated an inverse curvilinear relationship with contact angle hysteresis. A partial correlation of contact angle hysteresis on the shear-based methods was also indicated over a specified range of surface roughness. Further attempts were also made on 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane-coated surfaces, and the ice adhesion indicated a clear reduction in the normal de-icing method, whereas the shear-based methods did not show a considerable change in ice adhesion, highlighting their mechanical forces-centric response. Lastly, a further evaluation using a hybrid de-icing method was conducted, to verify the influence of surface characteristics on ice removal involving heating, which demonstrated a partial correlation of energy consumption with the ice adhesion strength over a specified range of surface roughness. The results obtained in this study provide crucial information on the influence of surface characteristics on ice adhesion and offer material-dependent correlations of the popular de-icing evaluation methods. The conclusions could be applied to define an appropriate testing method for the evaluation of icephobic surfaces and coatings. Graphical abstract

Surface Properties of Dental Nanocomposites After Finishing WithRigid Rotary Instruments

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 519-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
SM Marchan ◽  
D White ◽  
QM Marchan ◽  
V Dhuru ◽  
WA Smith
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Scanning Electronic Microscopy ◽  
Electronic Microscopy ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Average Roughness ◽  
Rotary Instruments ◽  
Finished Surface ◽  
Post Hoc

SUMMARY This study evaluated the surface characteristics of three nanoparticle resin composites (Z350, Heritage 7 Nanohybrid, and Ice) using profilometry and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) after subjecting them to sequential finishing procedures using rigid rotary instruments. Fifteen 8 mm × 8 mm × 2 mm specimens were fabricated for each tested composite and subjected to one of the following finishing regimens: finishing with green stones followed by white stones, finishing with 45-μm diamond followed by 15-μm diamond, finishing with a 12-fluted carbide followed by a 20-fluted carbide. After finishing, the surfaces were subjected to profilometric testing. Eight parallel tracings were used to scan the finished surface of each specimen. For each recorded profile, the average roughness (Ra) and extreme value descriptor (Rmax) were recorded. On completion of the profilometric testing, two specimens from each group were randomly selected for qualitative assessment by SEM. Profilometric data was analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance and post hoc Scheffe tests. The results demonstrated that the three control groups of the tested nanocomposites behaved as a coherent group with respect to surface roughness. With the exception of the nanohybrid Heritage 7 finished with the carbide instruments, all composites showed an increase in surface roughness. The Z350 and Ice finished with the carbide finishing instruments showed no statistically significant increase in Ra, but both of these composites showed significantly rougher surfaces when finished with diamonds compared with controls. The nanohybrids Ice and Heritage 7 demonstrated significantly higher roughness in terms of Rmax when finished with stones. The SEM correlated well with roughness measurements. The conclusion may be drawn that diamonds and stones produce unacceptable surfaces in terms of roughness on the tested nanocomposites whereas finishing carbides produce acceptable surfaces.

scholarly journals Aluminium Alloy 8011: Surface Characteristics

2015 ◽  
Vol 719-720 ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maral Rahimi ◽  
Peter Fojan ◽  
Leonid Gurevich ◽  
Alireza Afshari
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Aluminium Alloy ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Cold Surface ◽  
Angle Measurements ◽  
Contact Angle Measurements ◽  
Native Surface

Aluminium alloys are the predominant materials in modern industries. Increased knowledge about the surface characteristics of bare aluminium can enhance the understanding about how to optimize the working conditions for the equipment involving aluminium parts. This work focusses on the properties of native surface of aluminium alloy 8011, which is the main construction material for the production of air-to-air heat exchanger fins. In this study, we address its water wettability, surface roughness and frost formation in different psychometric parameters. The contact angle measurements revealed that this aluminium alloy exhibits a relatively high contact angle of about 78 degree, i.e. is not wetted completely. AFM measurements revealed significant surface roughness of typical heat exchanger fins. The thickness of formed frost was studied in relation to the wettability, humidity and the cold surface temperature.

Surface Roughness and Droplet Contact Angle Measurement of Various Orthodontic Bonding Cements

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. O'Kane ◽  
R. G. Oliver ◽  
R. E. Blunden
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Glass Ionomer Cement ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Contact Angle Measurement ◽  
Angle Measurement ◽  
Bacterial Attachment ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Orthodontic Bonding

Surface characteristics that are considered important for bacterial attachment to thirteen orthodontic bonding composite cements and one glass ionomer cement were examined in vitro before and after toothbrush abrasion. The surface roughness and contact angle measurements were found to be statistically significantly different between the materials, both before and after brushing, and there were also statistically significant changes within materials after brushing. There were low correlation coefficients between surface roughness and contact angle for both pre-and post-brushed materials.

Observation of Surface Structure of Kyo-Kawara (Ceramic Material for Roof Component) Fabricated by Traditional Skillful Technique

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahisa Asada ◽  
Masaki Sakata ◽  
Takeshi Shiono ◽  
Yuka Takai ◽  
Akihiko Goto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Surface Structure ◽  
Ceramic Material ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Roof Tile ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Made In

Kyo-gawara is one of traditional crafts, one of Japanese roof tile made in Kyoto by using traditional techniques. The characteristics of Kyo-gawara is gloss on surface available in “Migaki” process. Migaki process is that craftsman strokes half-dry surface with paddle one by one. Number of products that a craftsman has to finish the process is decided. In previous study, investigation about the relationship between number of times of Migaki process and surface properties of Kyo-gawara cannot be seen [1]. In this study, specimens having different number of time of Migaki process (none, once, twice) were used, surface structure and properties were analyzed, and investigation about the relationship between Migaki process and surface characteristics was performed. Measurement items are surface roughness (Ra), contact angle, water absorption. As a result, surface roughness tended to decrease, and with increase of number of times of Migaki process. From the result of measurement of contact angle and water absorption, it was clarified that Migaki could improve waterproofness.

scholarly journals Influence of Additive Firing on the Surface Characteristics, Streptococcus mutans Viability and Optical Properties of Zirconia

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1286
Author(s):  
Wonjoon Moon ◽  
Joo Hyang Park ◽  
Han-Ah Lee ◽  
Bum-Soon Lim ◽  
Shin Hye Chung
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Optical Property ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Repetitive Firing ◽  
Secondary Caries ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Property Changes

The purpose of this study was to observe whether the repetitive firing of dental zirconia caused changes in surface characteristics, S. mutans viability, and optical properties of zirconia. Dental zirconia blocks were sintered and randomly distributed into seven experimental groups: F0–F6. Except for F0, which only went through sintering, the additive firing was performed in order for F1–F6. Surface roughness, contact angle, S. mutans viability by fluorescence, and translucency parameter were measured. They were all highest after sintering (F0) and decreased after additive firings (F1–F6). The additive firing of zirconia after sintering decreased surface roughness, contact angle, S. mutans viability, and translucency. The number of firings after the first firing was not found to be critical in surface characteristics, S. mutans viability, and optical property. Changes in surface characteristics might have led to a decrease in S. mutans viability, while the change of translucency was not clinically significant. This implies that additive firing may prevent secondary caries under zirconia restorations, not compromising esthetic appearance.

Effect of paraffin application technique on the physical and mechanical properties of particleboard

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Baharoğlu ◽  
Gökay Nemli ◽  
Bünyamin Sarı ◽  
Nadir Ayrilmis ◽  
Selahattin Bardak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Formaldehyde Emission ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Quality Properties ◽  
Application Technique ◽  
Wood Particles

AbstractThe main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of paraffin application technique on the quality properties of particleboard. The paraffin was applied to the wood particles in three different techniques: (1) before resination, (2) after resination, and (3) with resin. The modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, internal bond strength, thickness swelling, surface roughness parameters, contact angle, and formaldehyde emission of the boards were determined. Statistical analysis showed that paraffin application technique had a significant influence on all properties of particleboards. The boards made using technique (1) had the highest mechanical properties and lowest surface roughness, formaldehyde emission and contact angle values. The worst properties were obtained from the board made using technique (2).

scholarly journals Surface roughness in relation to altitude of hornbeam wood

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Kiaei ◽  
Rasoul Mosavi Paloj
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Roughness Parameter ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Roughness Parameters ◽  
Average Roughness ◽  
Test Pieces

Hornbeam wood (Carpinus betulus) is a native species from Iran and covers 33% of the commercial volume of Iranian woods. Surface quality of solid wood products is one of the most important properties influencing further manufacturing processes such as finishing or strength of adhesive joint. Wood surface roughness is affected by growth condition. The objective of this study was to evaluate effect of altitude index (400 m, 800 m and 1200 m) on the surface roughness of sanded hornbeam wood (C. Betulus). Surface characteristics of sanded specimens of hornbeam wood were made employing a stylus profilmeter. Average roughness (Ra), mean peak-to-valley height (Rz), root-mean square deviation of the profile (Rq), core roughness depth (Rk), reduced peak height (Rpk), and reduced valley depth (Rvk) roughness parameters were used to determine surface characteristics of the test pieces. Significant statistical differences were found among altitude indexes in reduced valley depth parameter and wood oven-dried density, but not for the other variables. This variable did not have significantly effect on other surface roughness parameters in hornbeam wood. The low altitude had a rougher surface than intermediate and high altitudes. There is no relationship between surface roughness parameter and wood oven-dried density. 

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