scholarly journals Academician V.I. Vernadsky about the originality of life in Space (To the 100th anniversary of his work “The Beginning and Eternity of Life”)

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
O.Ya. Pylypchuk ◽  
◽  
О.H. Strelko ◽  
O.O. Pylypchuk ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Laws Of Nature ◽  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
Human Thought ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Origin Of Life ◽  
Scientific Worldview

V.I. Vernadsky’s work "The Beginning and Eternity of Life" (1922), as well as his other scientific works, made a significant contribution to the development of many branches of natural history. It fundamentally changed the scientific worldview of the twentieth century. This work determined the place of man and his scientific thought in the evolution of the biosphere, made it possible to take a fresh look at the surrounding nature as the environment of human existence. It posed many actual problems and outlined ways to solve them in the future. The combination of deep knowledge in various industries with the history of their development determined the formation of V. I. Vernadsky's views on science as a specific natural phenomenon inherent to the genus Homo sapiens. He considered the progress of science as the natural process of the development of human thought, aimed at the cognition of the laws of nature and the laws of its own development. V. I. Vernadsky has analyzed various mechanisms of the origin of life and came to the conclusion that life could be eternal and had no beginning. He emphasizes two geologically most important points: firstly, the planetary, geologically regular nature of life; secondly, the close connection of all geological processes in the biosphere with the activity of living matter. Consequently, the understanding of life as a planetary phenomenon led V. I. Vernadsky to an understanding of the direct dependence of the existence of the biosphere on the conditions caused by geological processes.

MAGMATOLOGICAL TECTONICS: ALFRED RITTMANN’S PARADIGM

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 266-281
Author(s):  
DANIELE MUSUMECI ◽  
STEFANO BRANCA ◽  
LUIGI INGALISO
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Geodynamic Model ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fundamental Law ◽  
Scientific Worldview ◽  
Working Hypotheses

ABSTRACT The aim of this research is to present the life and research of Alfred Rittmann (1893–1980). He was an Earth scientist in the broadest sense: a petrographer, mineralogist, magmatologist, tectonist, geodynamicist, planetologist, volcanologist and, what is more, a philosopher of geosciences. He is considered the founder of contemporary, volcanology by combining in his interdisciplinary research the study of volcanic phenomena at the surface with tectonic activity and magmatology. In his books, Rittmann discussed the first correlations between volcanism and tectonics; his geodynamic model comprises complex studies of geology, volcanology, magmatology and geodynamics. We propose to name his scientific worldview ‘Magmatological Tectonics’ (MT) and to describe it as a Kuhnian paradigm. The leading concept of all geological processes is the fundamental law. Rittmann also made abundant use of Chamberlin’s method, the method of multiple working hypotheses. Some brief interpretations will be proposed regarding the importance of Rittmann in the history of geosciences in the twentieth century and the emergence of some philosophical problems deriving from this research.

scholarly journals Precambrian geological history of the Dnipro Rapids

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-134
Author(s):  
Volodymyr V. Manyuk
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
Geological History ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chronological Sequence ◽  
To Come ◽  
Conservation Organizations ◽  
First Time

This article provides a concise description of chronological sequence of Rapids in the Dnipro within the area between the cities Dnipro and Zaporizhia, their role in the maritime transport of the Dnipro, and the relationship between humans and the river during a number of historical epochs; it presents the role of the Dnipro Rapids, also known as the Porohy of the Dnipro, as unique natural formations in the great River Dnipro, which flows through three countries and cuts through the Ukraininan Crystalline Shield. The article analyzes the sequence of measures taken by the supporters of conservation of nature along the Dnipro Rapids area, representatives of nature-conservation organizations and all people interested in Dnipro Rapids and conservation of its unique natural heritage - beginning with founding “Dniprovski Porohy” National Geological Reserve in Zaporizhia Oblast in 1974 to organizing “Dniprovi Porohy” Regional Landscape Park on the territory between Stari Kodaky village and the border of Zaporizhia Oblast. This paper highlights the diversity of geological processes which have taken place over a long and dynamic geological history, described in the stone chronicle or rocks and minerals, and which formed the Dnipro Rapids, an object of interest of many generations to come. This article emphasizes the fact that the geological component of a valuable natural phenomenon was described for the first time only in the results of particular studies by Valerian Domger, who conducted his research for the building of Katerynynska Railway upon instructions from the Geological Committee from 1881 to 1884. The pegmatite, diabase, granite, syenite with peculiarities of their mineral composition, elements of bedding, described by V Domger for the Nenasytetsky and Lohanivsky and other Rapids and islands, were not the only phenomena which have disappeared beneath the Dnipro waters forever. The small quarries, where the young geologist described the Sarmatian limestones, left no signs of their existence and not a single outcrop of the limestone survived. Therefore, the routes of V O Domger, the discoverer of the Nikopol manganese deposits, Tomakivska fauna of the Mediterranean type and Mandrykivska fauna, one of the best preserved in the world, are of great historical value. Likewise, his field studies have still not lost their scientific significance. This paper succinctly describes the geological history of the area of the Dnipro Rapids and the oldest crystalline rocks of the Aul series and non-stratified formations of the Dnipropetrovsk and other natural complexes, involved in the formation of certain rapids.

Concepts of Natural Law and Time in the History of Geology

1989 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Guntau
Keyword(s):  
Laws Of Nature ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Geological Time ◽  
Natural Laws ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
The Earth ◽  
History Of Geology ◽  
Cyclic Processes ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Law

Our contemporary conceptions of time in terms of geology have developed since the Renaissance. In addition to an adequate notion of the age of the earth, these ideas include different concepts of the nature of geological processes in history. Until the 19th century the different concepts of geological time were determined by views on cyclic processes and processes which have a direction, as well as sequences of events, with or without relations between their various phases. These different aspects of geological thought have finally been incorporated into evolutionary conceptions of geohistory. Despite objective and epistemological problems, geological laws were formulated in the history of geology such as the law of superposition by Steno in 1669, the law of stratigraphy by Smith in 1799, and the law of development of the earth by Cotta in 1858. Laws of nature are interpreted as essential correlations of a general and necessary nature which exist independently of human cognition. Some fundamental geological processes have not been effective throughout the history of the earth. Presupposing that these processes were governed by natural laws as well, it is inferred that laws of nature exist over certain different periods of time. There are four possibilities of how long laws of nature, or combinations of them, can exist: (1) temporally unlimited existence, (2) existence from the beginning up to a certain point in time, (3) existence from a certain point in time up to the present time, (4) existence over a certain past period of time. Thus the science of geology shows that natural laws are of a historical nature, in that they do not exist eternally nor everywhere.

scholarly journals The role of the team of the anatomy, physiology and physical rehabilitation department in the formation of scientific worldview of Cherkasy national university named after Bohdan Hmelnytsky (to the 100th anniversary of the university)

2021 ◽  
pp. 96-106
Author(s):  
V. S. Lysogub ◽  
O. D. Svietlova ◽  
N. P.. Chernenko
Keyword(s):  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
Physical Rehabilitation ◽  
The State ◽  
National University ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Archives ◽  
The University ◽  
Scientific Worldview

The article presents the history of the Anatomy, Physiology and Physical Rehabilitation Department.History is presented from the founding of the department to the present.The research is based on a review of documentary materials of the State Archives of Cherkasy region for1943-1986.Key words:Department of Physiology; scientists; educational; organizational and methodological work

scholarly journals A.D.Shaikov - a military doctor, a scientist, a chancellor.

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-89
Author(s):  
A G Korneev ◽  
R M Aminev ◽  
N N Shevlyuk ◽  
E V Lantsov
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Medical Service ◽  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
State Medical Institute ◽  
Intestinal Infections ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S

The article is dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the birth of a prominent Russian epidemiologist and former rector of the Orenburg State Medical Institute, lieutenant colonel of the medical service of retired Anatoly Dmitrievich Shaikov. He left a bright trace in the history of naval medicine, having traveled from the ship doctor to the flagship epidemiologist of the 7th Pacific Navy. In the 1960s, under the direction of A.D.Shaikov, a pediatric faculty, a preparatory department, more than 10 new departments and 6 laboratories were created at the Orenburg Medical Institute; A.D.Shaikov made a significant contribution to the scientific development of the problems of military epidemiology, epidemiology of intestinal infections, parasitology, etc.

The Tempo and mode(S) of Prebiotic Evolution

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 419-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Lazcano
Keyword(s):  
Origin Of Life ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Biological Evolution ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Early Diversification ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Widespread Phenomenon ◽  
The Origin Of Life

AbstractDifferent current ideas on the origin of life are critically examined. Comparison of the now fashionable FeS/H2S pyrite-based autotrophic theory of the origin of life with the heterotrophic viewpoint suggest that the later is still the most fertile explanation for the emergence of life. However, the theory of chemical evolution and heterotrophic origins of life requires major updating, which should include the abandonment of the idea that the appearance of life was a slow process involving billions of years. Stability of organic compounds and the genetics of bacteria suggest that the origin and early diversification of life took place in a time period of the order of 10 million years. Current evidence suggest that the abiotic synthesis of organic compounds may be a widespread phenomenon in the Galaxy and may have a deterministic nature. However, the history of the biosphere does not exhibits any obvious trend towards greater complexity or «higher» forms of life. Therefore, the role of contingency in biological evolution should not be understimated in the discussions of the possibilities of life in the Universe.

Beérkezett könyvek

2005 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-427
Author(s):  
Csaba Pléh
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Evolutionary Psychology ◽  
Well Being ◽  
General Intelligence ◽  
Human Thought ◽  
Number Of Genes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Origin Of Mind ◽  
The Mind

Ádám György: A rejtozködo elme. Egy fiziológus széljegyzetei Carpendale, J. I. M. és Müller, U. (eds): Social interaction and the development of knowledge Cloninger, R. C.: Feeling good. The science of well being Dunbar, Robin, Barrett, Louise, Lycett, John: Evolutionary psychology Dunbar, Robin: The human story. A new history of makind's evolution Geary, D. C.: The origin of mind. Evolution of brain, cognition and general intelligence Gedeon Péter, Pál Eszter, Sárkány Mihály, Somlai Péter: Az evolúció elméletei és metaforái a társadalomtudományokban Harré, Rom: Cognitive science: A philosophical introduction Horváth György: Pedagógiai pszichológia Marcus, G.: The birth of the mind. How a tiny number of genes creates the complexities of human thought Solso, R. D.: The psychology of art and the evolution of the conscious brain Wray, A. (ed.): The transition to language

CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL IDEA OF THE “SOCIAL STATE” IN THE HISTORY OF LEGAL AND POLITICAL THOUGHT

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Fedorov
Keyword(s):  
Political Thought ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
State Structure ◽  
Thomas More ◽  
Social State ◽  
Classical Liberal ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

The article is devoted to the problem of the social state as one of the fundamental constitutional principles of the state structure of modern developed countries. The course of historical development of philosophical and legal thought on this problem is considered. The idea of a close connection between the concept of the social state and the ideas of utopian socialism of Thomas More and Henri Saint-Simon is put forward. Liberals also made a significant contribution to the development of the idea of the social state, they argued that the ratio of equality and freedom is a key problem for the classical liberal doctrine. It is concluded that the emergence of the theory of the social state for objective reasons was inevitable, since it is due to the historical development of society.

The Property Species

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart J. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Fundamental Principle ◽  
First Century ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Full Account ◽  
Symbolic Thought ◽  
Core Property ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

What is property, and why does our species happen to have it? The Property Species explores how Homo sapiens acquires, perceives, and knows the custom of property, and why it might be relevant for understanding how property works in the twenty-first century. Arguing from some hard-to-dispute facts that neither the natural sciences nor the humanities—nor the social sciences squarely in the middle—are synthesizing a full account of property, this book offers a cross-disciplinary compromise that is sure to be controversial: All human beings and only human beings have property in things, and at its core, property rests on custom, not rights. Such an alternative to conventional thinking contends that the origins of property lie not in food, mates, territory, or land, but in the very human act of creating, with symbolic thought, something new that did not previously exist. Integrating cognitive linguistics with the philosophy of property and a fresh look at property disputes in the common law, this book makes the case that symbolic-thinking humans locate the meaning of property within a thing. The provocative implications are that property—not property rights—is an inherent fundamental principle of economics, and that legal realists and the bundle-of-sticks metaphor are wrong about the facts regarding property. Written by an economist who marvels at the natural history of humankind, the book is essential reading for experts and any reader who has wondered why people claim things as “Mine!,” and what that means for our humanity.

scholarly journals History of otorhinolaryngology in Germany before 1921

HNO ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 338-365
Author(s):  
Albert Mudry ◽  
Robert Mlynski ◽  
Burkhard Kramp
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Neck Surgery ◽  
German Society ◽  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
Head And Neck Surgery ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academic Organization ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Made In

AbstractIn 2021, the German Society of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery is celebrating the 100th anniversary of its foundation. The aim of this article is to present the main inventions and progress made in Germany before 1921, the date the society was founded. Three chronological periods are discernible: the history of otorhinolaryngology (ORL) in Germany until the beginning of the 19th century, focusing mainly on the development of scattered knowledge; the birth of the sub-specialties otology, laryngology (pharyngo-laryngology and endoscopy), and rhinology in the 19th century, combining advances in knowledge and implementation of academic structures; and the creation of the ORL specialty at the turn of the 20th century, mainly concentrating on academic organization and expansion. This period was crucial and allowed for the foundation of the German Society of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery on solid ground. Germany played an important role in the development and progress of ORL internationally in the 19th century with such great contributors as Anton von Tröltsch, Hermann Schwartze, Otto Körner, Rudolf Voltolini, and Gustav Killian to mention a few.

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