scholarly journals Assessment of Phenol Detoxification by Rhodococcus aetherivorans UСM Ac-602 Using the Phytotesting Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
L.A. Khomenko ◽  
◽  
T.M. Nogina ◽  
V.S. Pidgorskyi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Growth Medium ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Media Analysis ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Phenol Concentration ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Test Plants ◽  
Germinated Seeds

Monoaromatic compounds are related to widespread pollutants of soil and groundwater. Among them phenol is one of the most toxic and carcinogenic compounds. Therefore biodestruction of phenol is of much importance for environment protection. The use of metabolic potential of microorganisms for depolluting environment is a safe and economical alternative to widely used physicochemical methods. Aim. To assess efficacy of phenol detoxification with strain Rhodococcus aetherivorans UСM Ac-602 using the phytotesting method. Methods. Bacteria were cultivated in liquid mineral medium with initial concentration of phenol 500, 750 and 1000 mg/L as a single source of carbon and energy. Cultivation time was 24 h, 48 h and 72 h respectively. Phytotoxicity was determined in express-test with use of seeds of spring wheat variety “Pecheryanka” (Triticum aestivum L.). Plant seeds were incubated by temperature 20±2°C during 7 days in Petri dishes with filter paper treated with respective phenol aqueous solutions or post-fermentative cultural fluids (PFCFs). PFCFs were obtained after cultivation of strain in growth medium with same concentration of phenol. Morphometric parameters of wheat were assessed against control plants cultivated on distilled water. Comparative analysis of samples toxicity and toxicity class determination was performed according to Kabirov method by calculation of index of test factor toxicity (ITF). Results. Phenol aqueous solutions and PFCFs were much different in effect on wheat. Phenol solutions 500 and 700 mg/L have shown significant inhibitory effect on all initial growth parameters of test plants. The weakest growth inhibition was induced by phenol concentration of 500 mg/L which caused decrease in number of germinated seeds by 59.6%, shoot length – by 59.7%, root length – by 84.5%, sprout dry weight – by 35.0%. In the presence of phenol concentration of 750 mg/L these indicators increased by 7−30%; roots of test plants were the most sensitive to effect of phenol. Phenol concentration of 1000 mg/L caused total seed mortality. Unlike phenol aqueous solutions PFCFs have shown insignificant effect on all morphometric indicators of plants compared to control. Similar effects on plants were observed in the presence of PFCFs obtained from cultivation of strain R. aetherivorans UСM Ac-602 in the growth medium with initial concentrations of phenol of 500 and 750 mg/L. Under the influence of these PFCFs, the number of germinated seeds decreased on average by 15.8%, root length decreased by 19.8%, at the same time shoot length and their dry weight increased by 17.8% and 7.2% respectively. More negative effect on wheat was shown by PFCF obtained after strain cultivation on medium with phenol concentration 1000 mg/L. It caused reduction in number of germinated seeds by 18.0 %, shoot length – by 25.3%, root length – by 29.0%, sprout dry weight – by 7.2%. For phenol aqueous solutions ITFs had much lower values 0–0.40 than for PFCFs (0.71–1.0). Conclusions. Based on data obtained in this research it was concluded that strain R. aetherivorans UCM Ac-602 performs active detoxification of high-concentrated phenol-containing media. Analysis of calculation results for ITF medium values (ITFm) had shown that under the influence of studied strain there was a decrease in toxicity of phenol solutions (500, 750 and 1000 mg/L). According to Kabirov toxicity scale it was assessed that toxicity of phenol solutions with initial values of classes II (high) and I (very high) was decreased to IV (low) and V (normal level). Our results demonstrate ecological safety of the end products of phenol destruction with strain R. aetherivorans UCM AC-602 and prospects of its use in biotechnologies for environment detoxification from phenol pollutions.

scholarly journals Growth of mango (Mangifera indica L.) rootstocks as influenced by pre-sowing treatments

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 582-586
Author(s):  
R. J. Patel ◽  
T. R. Ahlawat ◽  
A. I. Patel ◽  
J. J. Amarcholi ◽  
B. B. Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Survival Percentage ◽  
Total Dry Weight

An experiment was carried out at Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari during 2014 to evaluate the effect of pre-sowing treatments on survival percentage and growth of mango rootstocks. Mango stones were soaked in aqueous solutions of GA3 (100 and 200 ppm), Beejamruth (2 % and 3 %) and Thiourea (1 % and 2 %) for 12 and 24 hours. The trial was evaluated in Completely Randomized Design based on factorial concept and the treatments were replicated thrice. Imposition of treatments led to significant differences at 5 % level of significance for all parameters chosen in this study. Mango stones when treated with Thiourea at 1 % had the maximum shoot length (49.93 cm), root length (34.38 cm), shoot dry weight (21.08 g) and total dry weight (26.36 g). The highest number of lateral roots (10.90) and survival percentage (64.17) was observed in mango stones dipped in 100 ppm GA3. Between the two soaking duration, soaking mango stones for 24 hours recorded higher values for shoot length (45.03 cm), root length (32.79 cm), number of lateral roots (9.83), survival percentage (62.72), shoot root fresh weight ratio (4.30), shoot dry weight (21.33 g), total dry weight (26.28 g) and shoot root dry weight ratio (4.32). Thus, survival percentage and growth of mango rootstocks can be substantially improved by soaking mango stones in aqueous solutions of 100 ppm GA3 or Thiourea at 1 % for 24 hours before sowing.

scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION OF DROUGHT TOLERANT WHEAT GENOTYPES UNDER WATER DEFICIT CONDITIONS

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaid Chachar ◽  
N. A. Chachar ◽  
Q.I. Chachar ◽  
S.M Mujtaba ◽  
G.A Chachar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Maximum Reduction ◽  
Drought Tolerant

Climate change is emerging phenomena and causing frequent drought which lead to scaricity of water, which ultimately nagetively affecting wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) yield all around the world. The aim of this study was to explore the potential deought tolerant wheat genotypes for candidate genes exploration. This study was conducted during the year 2014-2015 at Plant Physiology Division, Nuclear Institute of Agriculture (NIA) Tandojam. The six wheat genotypes (cv. MT-1/13, MT-2/13, MT-3/13, MT-4/13 Chakwal-86 and Khirman) were investigated for their response at germination and seedling stage under different water stress treatments (0, -0.5, -0.75 and -1.0 MPa) in controlled conditions. The results of experiments with reference to genotypes revealed that genotype Chakwal-86 shows maximum seed germination (82.58 %), while the genotype Khirman shows maximum shoot length  (7.23 cm), root length  (15.1 cm), shoot fresh wt. (5.85 g 10-1shoots), root fresh wt.  (3.45 g 10-1roots), shoot dry wt. (1.33 g 10-1shoots), root dry wt. (0.69 g 10-1roots). Among the genotypes tested Khirman and MT-4/13 are the tolerant genotypes had the potential to perform better under drought conditions, whereas  MT-4/13 and Chakwal-86 were moderate tolerant under water stress conditions. Moreover, the genotypes i.e. MT-1/13 and MT-2/13 are the sensitive genotypes under drought environment. It is concluded from present in-vitro studies that osmotic stress significantly reduced the seed germination shoot/root length fresh and dry weight in all six wheat genotypes. The maximum reduction was found at higher osmotic stress induced by PEG-6000 (-1.0 MPa) significantly.

scholarly journals Perbanyakan dan Aplikasi PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobactheria) di Laboratorium Pengamatan Hama dan Penyakit Banyumas

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 234-239
Author(s):  
Nada Kholifah ◽  
Ardiana Kartika B ◽  
Teguh Pribadi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Test Plants

PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) is a substance that helps plant growth with the help of rhizosphere microorganisms. PGPR propagation can be done with liquid media. This PGPR propagation needs to be done because this substance has many benefits for agricultural cultivation. The application of PGPR to the test plant, namely the pakcoy plant, proved that there was an effect of giving PGPR to the plant. Observations on the test plants were carried out by observing several observation variables such as plant height, root length, number of leaves, wet weight and dry weight. The results of these observations showed that the effect on the test plants was seen in the variables of root length, wet weight, and dry weight. Meanwhile, the variable plant height and number of leaves did not show a visible difference. 

scholarly journals Development of priming technology for enhanced planting value of seeds in kabuli chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 735-743
Author(s):  
Umesh Hiremath ◽  
Basave Gowda ◽  
Lokesh G.Y . ◽  
B. S. Ganiger
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Vigour Index

The continuous rise in global population demands more food production under limited land resources accompanied by climate change. More oversupply of quality seeds to meet ever-growing food demand is a highly challenging task. Seeds with low vigour level limit the growth and yield of crops at varied field conditions. Hence, an experiment was conducted to develop a technique for the fast and homogeneous growth of kabuli chickpea seeds. The priming treatments evaluated in the present study enhanced the various seed quality parameters of kabuli chickpea significantly when compared to control. Hydro-priming for 4 hours (at 20°C) and air drying for 72 hours showed better results compared to rest of the treatments both in fresh seeds which recorded higher first count (66.38%), germination (92.50%) root length (11.85 cm), shoot length (6.16), mean seedling length (18.01), dry seedling weight (747 mg), seedling vigour index-I (1665), higher speed of emergence (0.3992) and old seeds with higher first count (61.88%), germination (74.13%) root length (8.15 cm), shoot length (5.85 cm), mean seedling length (14.00 cm), seedling dry weight (611 mg), seedling vigour index-I (1056), higher speed of emergence (0.3814). The aged seeds have recorded 29 % increase in germination percentage in contrast to 8 percent increases in fresh seeds. Kabuli chickpea seeds could be subjected to hydropriming, an affordable, alternative, and eco-friendly technique for improving seed and seedling vigour of kabuli chickpea.

Physiological response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) at early seedling stage under salt stress conditions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Mann ◽  
Gurpreet Kaur ◽  
Ashwani Kumar ◽  
Satish Kumar Sanwal ◽  
Jogendra Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Early Seedling Growth ◽  
Early Seedling

Screening of chickpea lines for salt tolerance through seed germination and early seedling growth is crucial for their evaluation. Seeds of 30 chickpea genotypes were germinated on a sand bed irrigated with saline (3, 6, 9, 12 dS/m) and control solutions upto 30 days. At the early seedling stage (25-30 days), germination percentage, chlorophyll content, proline, root length, shoot length and seedling dry weight were found to be affected due to salinity. Salt tolerance index (STI) for plant biomass maintained a significant correlation with chlorophyll, proline, shoot length, and root length, which indicated that these parameters could be used as selection criteria for screening chickpea genotypes against salt stress. Significant differences in shoot length, root length, and seedling dry weight in 30-day-old seedlings were observed among selected chickpea genotypes as well. From the overall observation of germination characterstics and early seedling growth, it is concluded that the chickpea genotypes, HC-1, HC-5, ICC 867, ICC 5003, H-10-41 showed better salt tolerance as compared to the available salt tolerant check variety.

scholarly journals Effects of lead on seedling growth of spesia populnea

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 194-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kabir ◽  
M.Z. Iqbal ◽  
M. Shafiq ◽  
Z.R. Farooqi
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Thespesia Populnea ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Number Of Leaves

The effects of lead on root, shoot and seedling length, leaf area, number of leaves, plant circumference, seedling dry weight, root/shoot and leaf area ratios of <I>Thespesia populnea</I> L. were determined in greenhouse under natural environmental conditions with and without phytotoxic metal ions at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 µmol/l. Lead treatments have a strong influence on the growth and development of <I>T</I>. <I>populnea</I> by reducing significantly (<I>P</I> &lt; 0.05) all the above parameters. Lead treatment at 5–25 µmol/l produced significant (<I>P</I> &lt; 0.05) effects on seedling and root length, plant circumference and seedling dry weight of <I>T</I>.<I> populnea,</I> while lead treatment at 10–25 µmol/l produced significant (<I>P</I> &lt; 0.05) effects on shoot length, number of leaves and leaf area as compared to control. Tolerance in <I>T</I>.<I> populnea</I> seedling at 25 µmol/l of lead treatment was lowest as compared to all other treatments.

scholarly journals Effect of Osmopriming of Boro Rice Seeds on Field Establishment of Seedlings

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 228-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Roy ◽  
M. A. R. Sarkar ◽  
S. K. Paul ◽  
A. Dey
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Germination Time ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Vigor Index ◽  
Mean Germination Time ◽  
Germination Vigor

An experiment was conducted at the Seed Laboratory of the Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from January to April 2012 to study the effect of osmopriming of Boro rice seed (cv. BRRI dhan29). Seeds were soaked in 1%, 3% and 5% solutions of ZnSO4, KCl and CaCl2 for 24 hours, respectively, with 30 hours incubation at 35°C temperature. Seed quality tests such as percent germination, mean germination time, vigor index, shoot length, root length, shoot dry weight and root dry weight of rice seedlings were measured for all treatments. Population m-2 was also calculated to investigate the field establishment of primed seeds. The highest germination, vigor index, population m-2, shoot length and shoot dry weight at 15 and 30 DAS, root length at 15 DAS, root dry weight at 15 and 30 DAS and the lowest mean germination time was observed from priming of seeds with 3% ZnSO4. Exceptionally, priming with 3% CaCl2 showed the highest root length at 30 DAS. On the contrary, 3% and 5% CaCl2 priming treatment showed the lowest germination, vigor index, population m-2, shoot length and shoot dry weight at 15 and 30 DAS, root length at 15 DAS, root dry weight at 15 and 30 DAS and the highest mean germination time. It can be concluded that rice seed (cv. BRRI dhan29) can be primed with 3% ZnSO4 solution for improving germination and field establishment of rice seedlings.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v1i4.9131  Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 1(4): 228-232

scholarly journals Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Seed Priming: It’s Effect on Seed Germination and Seedling Emergence of Spring Varieties in Kapilvastu District, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-201
Author(s):  
Sabita Ghimire ◽  
Hariom Yadav ◽  
Prabesh Acharya ◽  
Raju Kharel
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Vigor Index

This study aimed to determine the effect of seed priming (on-farm, hydro, halo, osmo, vitamin c priming, and hardening) on the germination and seedling growth of spring rice varieties: hardinath-3, hardinath-1, and chaite-5 at ambient room temperature. A factorial completely randomized design (CRD) was carried out with two factors: methods of priming and varieties at agriculture knowledge center (AKC), kapilbastu during march 2020. There were, in total, 21 treatment combinations and four replications. Parameters observed were germination percentage, speed of germination, vigor index, root length, shoot length, fresh weight, and dry weight of rice seedlings. Hardinath-3 had superior performance in terms of germination percentage (95.35 %), vigor index (183.86), root length (11.51 cm) and shoot length (7.39 cm) compared to hardinath-1 and chaite-5; the speed of germination, however, was greater in hardinath-1. Seed hardening - alternate soaking (tap water for 24 hours) and drying - induced higher germination percentage (94.91 %), speed of germination (96.00), and vigor index (197.43) than did other priming methods; germination percentage of vitamin c primed seeds (94.75 %), nevertheless, were at statistical par with hardened seeds. Hardened hardinath-3 seeds were better in regards to germination percentage (97.50 %) and root length (12.92 cm), while the speed of germination (97.50) and vigor index (210.50) was greater in hardened hardinath-1. Vitamin c primed seeds of hardinath-3 and hardinath-1 were finer with dry weight, shoot length, and vigor index. In conclusion, farmers' are suggested to hardened seeds of hardinath-3 before sowing to promote uniform germination and growth.

scholarly journals Seed quality enhancement through biopriming in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris. L)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1740-1743
Author(s):  
S. P. Monalisa ◽  
J. K. Beura ◽  
R. K. Tarai ◽  
M. Naik
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Quality Enhancement ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Vigour Index

An experiment on seed quality enhancement of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) var. S 9 (local) was conducted at the department of seed science and technology, OUAT, Bhubaneswar during 2013-14 by use of three biocontrol agents viz. Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma harzianum, Pseudomonas fluorescence. Seeds were bi-oprimed with the biocontrol agents at 40, 50 and 60 % concentration for 4,8,12 and 16 hours of soaking. Seeds were also hydro primed for 4,8,12 and 16 hours. Unprimed dry seed resulted in germination (69 %), shoot length (27.5 cm), root length (14 cm), seedling dry weight (1.71g), SVI-I (2859.2), SVI-II (118.0) and speed of germination (5.8) while hydro primed seeds resulted in germination (72%), shoot length (31.9 cm), root length (15 cm), seedling dry weight (1.80 g), SVI-1 (3375.9) SVI-II (129.8) and speed of germination (6.7). Trichoderma harzianum at 40% con-centration and for 4 hours of soaking resulted enhancement of above quality parameter like 13.0 % in germination, 21.1 % in shoot length, 20.7 % in root length, 31.6 % in seedling dry weight, 36 % in seedling vigour index-I, 48.1 % in seedling vigour index-II and 58.6 % in speed of germination over unprimed seeds. Bio priming with P. fluorescence ( at 40% concentration and for 4 hour) closely followed and at par with best treatment with 11.6 %, 18.2 %, 16.4 %, 30.4 %, 30.7 % and 56.9 % enhancement of above mentioned quality parameters, respectively.

scholarly journals VESICULAR-ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL (VAM) FUNGI ALTER ROOT GROWTH OF PROSOPIS ALBA (CHILEAN MESQUITE) IN CONTAINERS

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 688f-688
Author(s):  
Chris A. Martin ◽  
Jean C. Stutz ◽  
Robert W. Roberson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Medium ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Salt Lake ◽  
Salt Lake City ◽  
Specific Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Vam Fungi

Effects of VAM fungal inoculum, Glomus intraradices Schenk & Smith, on the growth of Chilean mesquite in containers were investigated as part of a nursery container system for production of xeric trees. Seedling liners of Chilean mesquite were transplanted into 27-liter containers filled with a 3 pine bark : 1 peat moss : 1 sand medium. Before transplanting, 50% of the trees were band-inoculated at a depth of 8 to 12 cm below the growth medium surface with 35 g per container of Glomus intradices (Nutrilink, NPI, Salt Lake City, UT), approximately 1,000 spores g-1. All trees were top-dressed with 15 g Osmocote 18N-2.6P-9.9K (Grace-Sierra, Milpitas, CA) and 3 g Micromax (Grace-Sierra, Milpitas, CA) fertilizers and grown in a fiberglass greenhouse under 50% light exclusion. After 4 months, all inoculated tree root systems were colonized, and the percent infection was 47%. Noninoculated trees remained nonmycorrhizal. There were no differences in height, total shoot length, shoot dry weight, or root dry weight between inoculated and non-inoculated trees; however, total root length and specific root length of inoculated trees were less than those of noninoculated trees. These results suggest that the VAM fungi altered the root architecture of inoculated trees such that root systems of these trees had thicker roots with fewer fine roots elongating into the growth medium profile.

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