scholarly journals Анализ распространения фасциолеза крупного рогатого скота в Тюменской области

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 832-837
Author(s):  
A. N. Siben ◽  
V. N. Domatsky ◽  
A. A. Nikonov ◽  
N. I. Beletskaya
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Northern Forest ◽  
Hydrothermal Coefficient ◽  
June July ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Birch Forests

<p>Fasciolosis of cattle leads to significant economic losses in agriculture. This paper reports results of studying of the prevalence of cattle fascioliasis on the Tyumen region depending on natural subzones and climatic conditions in the period from 2004 to 2014. The influence of such parameters as the hydrothermal coefficient, the sum of precipitation and average temperatures during the years of the study (for May, June, July) are analyzed. Coprological studies (n 7838) were conducted by the methods of sequential washing and ether-acetic sedimentation to determine the prevalence of fasciolae in cattle. During the study period, the fascioliasis prevalence decreased from 15.97% in 2004 to 2.19% in 2014. The prevalence rate (PR) was 4.76 ± 1.42% in the forest-steppe subarea, 4.89 ± 2.04% in the northern forest-steppe, and 5.63 ± 3.0% in small-leaved aspen-birch forests. Increasing of the prevalence of the cattle fascioliasis was registered along the south-north gradient, from the subzone of the southern forest-steppe (PR 10.14%) to small-leaved aspen-birch forests (PR 22.22%) only in 2004. Decreasing of the prevalence of the cattle fascioliasis from 2004 to 2014 is associated with the dehelminthization of animals. From 2004 to 2010, the correlation coefficient between the fascioliasis prevalence in cattle and the hydrothermal coefficient, the sum of precipitation and average monthly temperatures was 0.49 (P = 0.91), 0.10 (P = 0.83), 0.76 (P = 0.05), respectively. The received data show the expressed positive connection of the fascioliasis prevalence and the sum of average temperatures for the period of 2004-2010. An analysis of the impact of climatic conditions on the fascioliasis prevalence in cattle should be considered considering the type and direction of antiparasitic measures in the farms.</p>

scholarly journals Influence of climatic conditions on productivity and adaptability of Camelina sativa

2020 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 04006
Author(s):  
E L Turina ◽  
T Ya Prakhova
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Camelina Sativa ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Hydrothermal Coefficient ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
The Crimea

The purpose of the research is to assess the productivity and adaptability of Camelina sativa depending on the natural and climatic conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Middle Volga region and the steppe Crimea. The researches were conducted in two regions (Penza and Crimea) with contrasting hydrothermal conditions in 2015–2019 years. Climate conditions in the years of researches were characterized by significant variability in both the degree of humidity and temperature regime in both regions. The hydrothermal coefficient in the Crimea varied in the range of 0.23–1.11, in the conditions of Penza - from 0.45 to 1.10. The index of environmental conditions varied from -0.58 to 1.28 units depending on the natural and climatic zone. On average, in 2015–2019, the productivity of Camelina changed from 1.45 to 1.79 t/ha in Penza and from 0.56 to 1.66 t/ha in Crimea. The highest yield of Camelina sativa was recorded in 2016 in Penza and in 2017 in the Crimea and amounted to 1.79 and 1.66 t/ha, respectively. The value of the index of environmental conditions is 1.17 and 1.28 with hydrothermal coefficient of 0.82 and 0.61, respectively. Depending on the conditions of the year and the region, the oil content varied from 33.9 to 43.9 %. At the same time, there is a tendency to decrease the amount of oil for all years of study in the direction from the Crimea to the zone of the Penza region. Camelina sativa is characterized by a high level of resistance to stressful conditions (0.49– 1.10), differs in environmental adaptability (bi=1.15–1.17), has a high fitness criterion, 41.2–41.5 g/m2, depending on the region.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the production process of potato in a changing climate in the Eastern and Western forest-steppe

2017 ◽  
pp. 120-127
Author(s):  
S.M. Svyderska
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Perennial Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Photosynthetic Productivity ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
The Impact

An important element of climate change is to assess changes in agro-climatic growing conditions of crops and the impact of these changes on their performance. Agriculture is the most vulnerable sector of  Ukraine's economy to fluctuations and climate change. Given the inertial nature of agriculture and the dependence of the efficiency on the weather, now need to make timely and adequate solutions to complex problems caused by climate change. Due to the expected increase in air temperature of the Northern Hemisphere food security Ukraine will largely depend on how effectively adapting agriculture to future climate change. This includes advance assessment of the impact of the expected climate change on agro-climatic conditions for growing crops. Potatoes - perennial, herbaceous, plant, but in nature is treated as an annual plant, so that the life cycle, beginning with germination and ending with the formation of bubbles and the formation of mature tubers, is one growing season. Potato is one of the most important crops grown and diversified use in almost all parts of our country. But the main focus areas of potatoes in Polesie and Forest-steppe. We consider the relative performance of the photosynthetic productivity of potato and agro-climatic conditions for growing potatoes for the period 1986 to 2005, and expected their changes calculated by the climate change scenarios A1B and A2 for the period 2011 to 2050 in Eastern and Western Forest-Steppe. We consider the agrometeorological and agro-climatic conditions in which there may be a maximum performance of potato.

scholarly journals Assessment of the adaptive potential of the plum-tree to the conditions of the winter period in the northern forest-steppe of the Southern Urals

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 00120
Author(s):  
Tatyana Slepneva ◽  
Sergey Makarenko ◽  
Alexander Taranau
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Adaptive Potential ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Northern Forest ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Plum Tree

The results of assessment are presented the stability of 13 sorts of plum-tree P. salicina subsp. ussuriensis Koval. et Kost. to the climatic conditions in the winter period from 2015/16 to 2020/21 in the northern forest-steppe of the Southern Urals. Like the control sort Ural’skaya zolotistaya by high adaptability to the conditions of the winter period are characterized sorts Altajskaya yubilejnaya, Zavet, Pionerka, Sapfir, Seyanec Krasnogo shara, Sodruzhestvo, Sinil’ga, Ural’skie zori, Chernosliv pozdnij. Stable fruiting over the years, regardless of weather conditions, during the flowering period with a yield of 62.0 to 91.6 hundredweight/ha are mark out with an increasing total sort Altajskaya yubilejnaya, Pionerka, Chernosliv pozdnij. The control sort Ural’skaya zolotistaya exceeds the yield of the sort Altajskaya yubilejnaya (91.6 hundredweight/ha), at the level of control the yield of the sorts Sodruzhestvo (71.5 hundredweight/ha), Sapfir (70.0 hundredweight/ha).

scholarly journals Growth, development and yield of beet varieties under the action of biological products

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (98) ◽  
pp. 92-104
Author(s):  
О. I. Ulyanich ◽  
◽  
S. A. Vdovenko ◽  
V. V. Yatsenko ◽  
M. M. Chmil
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Biological Products ◽  
Blade Area ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

The search for new conditions for growing vegetables in organic crops in order to obtain safe products and in connection with changes in climatic conditions requires an immediate solution. The article considers and proves that the use of biological products affects the formation of highly productive crops and promotes the production of products with a high content of biologically active substances. Studies have shown a positive effect of biological products on the growth and development and yield of beetroot varieties Delicatessen and Red Ball. Studies have been conducted to study the technological aspects of growing vegetables, in particular with the use of biological products, taking into account the environmental impact of both growth processes and quantitative and qualitative indicators. Features of various biological products and their efficiency are analyzed. A comparative analysis of the use of biologicals, which allowed to comprehensively assess the impact of elements of cultivation technology on phenological, biometric, indicators, yield and quality of table beet products, development and improvement of elements of technology for their cultivation in the forest-steppe of Ukraine. This involves the use of highly productive varieties, the use of various effective biological products, is relevant for the spread and cultivation of table beets in the forest-steppe of Ukraine. Phenological observations of canteen beet plants showed that they developed differently and reacted differently in the phases of growth and development, depending on the introduced biological products. The technical ripeness phase began on days 121–129 and was longer than in the control. With the introduction of Solutin and Chlorella – 128–129 days, and in short - with the introduction of biological products Helprost vegetable, Helprost vegetable + Phytohelp, Solutin + Phytohelp – 121–125 days. It was proved that table beet plants differed in height, number of leaves, leaf blade area and their total area per hectare, which compared to the control were from the use of a tank mixture of biological products Helprost vegetable + Phytohelp – 28.3–28.7 thousand m2/ha, which is significantly higher than the control by 13.6–14.8 thousand m2/ha. The area of leaves was slightly lower as a result of the use of other drugs and mixtures – 21.8–22.6 thousand m2/ha. The use of a mixture of drugs Helprost vegetable + Phytohelp contributed to an increase in the mass of the root of table beets by 255–350 g, which is significantly higher than the control by 9–10 g. A positive effect on the yield of beetroot was shown by the vegetable Helprost preparation, as well as a mixture of vegetable Helprost + Phytohelp preparations, the use of which provided a yield of 52.4–63.8 t/ha. The use of a mixture of biological products Solutin + Phytohelp improves the appearance of the plant, increases resistance to harmful microorganisms, and the marketable yield increases to 26.0 t/ha and significantly exceeds the control by 3.2 t/ha.

Decadal high-resolution multi-proxy analysis to reconstruct natural and human-induced environmental changes over the last 1350 cal. yr BP in the Altai Tavan Bogd National Park, western Mongolia

The Holocene ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 1016-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Unkelbach ◽  
Kaoru Kashima ◽  
Gaadan Punsalpaamuu ◽  
Lyudmila Shumilovskikh ◽  
Hermann Behling
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
National Park ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Permafrost Degradation ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
The Impact

The ‘Altai Tavan Bogd’ National Park in the north-western part of the Mongolian Altai, Central Asia, is located in a forest-steppe ecosystem. It occurs under the influence of extreme continental and montane climate and is sensitive to natural and anthropogenic impacts. High-resolution (<20 years per sample) multi-proxy data of pollen, non-pollen palynomorphs (NPPs), macro-charcoal, diatoms, and XRF scanning from radiocarbon-dated lacustrine sediments reveal various environmental changes and the impact of different settlement periods for the late-Holocene. From 1350 to 820 cal. yr BP (AD 600–1130), the distribution of grass steppe indicates a climate similar to present-day conditions. Rapid improvements of climatic conditions (e.g. increased rainfall events) possibly favored a recovery of forest-steppe encouraging nomadic movements into alpine areas. In the period from 820 to 400 cal. yr BP (AD 1130–1550), the decline of forested areas suggests an increasingly drier and possibly colder climate. Some political shifts during the Mongol Empire (744–582 cal. yr BP; AD 1206–1368) favored variations in nomadic grazing habits. After 400 cal. yr BP (AD 1550), moisture and temperature increased slightly, and from ca. 40 cal. yr BP (AD 1910) to present, annual temperature continued to increase more markedly favoring an additional water availability due to permafrost degradation. Diatom data suggest several intervals of increased water availability in all periods which might have caused erosion due to heavier rainfall events or increased snow melt. Immediately after most of these high-water intervals, NPP data reveal periods of increased grazing activities in the area.

scholarly journals Patterns of vegetation succession in abandoned fields in semi-arid conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-363
Author(s):  
L. P. Borovyk
Keyword(s):  
Woody Species ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Old Fields ◽  
Ulmus Pumila ◽  
Northern Forest ◽  
Abandoned Fields ◽  
Poa Angustifolia

Successions in old fields were studied on the example of the Starobilski steppes within Luhansk Oblast (Ukraine), region located in the basin of the left tributaries of the Siversky Donets, in the southern spurs of the Central Russian Upland. Stationary surveys were conducted in the Striltsivsky Steppe affiliate of the Luhansk Nature Reserve, with 269 ha of old fields (26% of the area) in its territory. Geobotanical releves were performed in 26 plots of abandoned fields, constant monitoring surveys were carried out in 15–27 year-old abandoned fields in the territory of the Reserve and 5–15 year-old abandoned fields in the territory of its buffer zone. In total, the itinerary and detailed surveys were conducted for about 50 plots of abandoned fields. The restoration of the steppe communities was seen only in the plots where grazing and/or mowing took place, which prevented the formation of dense litter and distribution of woody species. The long domination of rhizome grasses (Elytrigia repens) were characteristic in conditions of moderate-level disturbance (in the reserve), transition to the domination of bunchgrasses (Festuca valesiaca) was seen at the age of around 25 years, during the transitional period (20–25 years) communities with unstable structure formed, comprising E. repens, F. valesiaca and forbs (Achillea pannonica and Fragaria viridis). Duration of the stage of segetal and ruderal species in the sites under low effect was 10 years, the communities of unstable structure formed at the age of 5–10 years. In the conditions of stable moderate and high effect of grazing (high disturbance), we observed formation of bunchgrass communities at the age of 15 years. In the unused plots, we saw formation of phytocoenoses of shrubs at different stages of succession, starting from 10 years. The most abundant group of such kind comprised thickets of Ulmus pumila (with E. repens and Poa angustifolia in the herbaceous layer) and Prunus stepposa. The peculiarity of contemporary processes in the abandoned fields related to exacerbation of the vegetation’s anthropogenic transformation is distribution of alien tree species from plantations, the most aggressive of which are Ulmus pumila, Fraxinus lanceolata, Acer negundo, Elaeagnus angustifolia. The peculiarity of the succession processes in the region of studies was the domination of species of broad ecological spectrum, characteristic for abandoned fields of northern forest-steppe regions (Bromopsis inermis, Calamagrostis epigeios, Poa angustifolia, Fragaria viridis) and southern steppe regions (Bromus sguarrosus, Anisantha tectorum, Achillea pannonica, Artemisia austriaca), certain communities form dependent on the climatic conditions and type of land use in the period of succession in particular plots.

scholarly journals Radial increment in European spruce (Picea abies) as indicator of sanitary condition of spruce forests in the Ukrainian Carpathians

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-138
Author(s):  
N. F. Prykhodko ◽  
T. V. Parpan ◽  
M. M. Prykhodko
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Dispersion Analysis ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Radial Increment ◽  
Significant Deterioration ◽  
Spruce Forests ◽  
The Carpathians ◽  
Sanitary Condition ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, there has been an intense desiccation of spruce forests in the Ukrainian Carpathians, where European spruce is the main forest-forming species. Over the recent years, desiccation has spread to the spruce forest stands which grow in the Carpathians at the height of over 1,000 m above the sea level. This process causes large economic losses, significant deterioration of the condition and productivity of the forests in the Carpathians, decrease in the level of provision of ecosystemic services by forests, functions they perform, therefore leading to dangerous exogenic processes (floods, freshets, erosion, mudflows, landslides). To determine the interaction between the radial increment and sanitary condition of the spruce stands and substantiate the measures of the use of drying spruce forests, in the Vysokohirsky forestry reserve district of the Ukrainian Carpathians in anti-erosion forests, in hotbeds of desiccation of spruce in 2018, dendrochronological surveys were undertaken in two monitoring plots in forests in weak and severely weakened condition. We collected cores from the model trees, measured width of the annual rings, and developed individual dendrochronologies according to the absolute values of the radial increments and generalized dendrochronologies according to the absolute values of the radial increments and increment indices of the duration of 97 (1921–2017) and 81 years (1937–2017). We conducted single-factor dispersion analysis, calculated the indices of abnormality of the radial increments and correlation coefficient. The results revealed that the lowest increments occurred in the years 1965–1990 in the weakened stand and in 1997–2017 in the severely weakened stand. The relative indices of the forests ranged 83.8–114.6%. The cycles of increment lasted 7–9 years. Over the last few decades, favourable conditions for the growth of the trees took place in 1991–2010, unfavourable in 2011–2017, very unfavourable in 1981–1990. Synchronicity of annual radial increments in the spruces of two monitoring plots equaled 49 years. Correlation coefficient indicates that the type of the conditions of growth location has a significant effect on its variability in the process of trees’ life cycle. Average radial increment of the weakened stand of trees over the last 10 years decreased by 7.9%, while it declined by 54.9% in the severely weakened stand compared with the average increments of the tree stands for the surveyed periods, suggesting that the forests undergo different stages of succession: the weakened stand undergoes the stage of recovery after disturbance, severely weakened forest – stage of disturbance. The studies revealed the dependence of radial increment of spruce on the sanitary condition of the forests. The results of the studies may be used for the assessment of dynamic processes in forest ecosystems as a result of the impact of various factors and planning of the forestry measures.

scholarly journals Influence of climatic conditions on fire risk in Djerdap National Park (Serbia): A case study of September 2011

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (5 Part A) ◽  
pp. 2845-2855
Author(s):  
Stanimir Zivanovic ◽  
Ivana Tosic
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
National Park ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Using Data ◽  
June July ◽  
The Impact

The Djerdap National Park in Serbia is vulnerable to fires. The variability of a fire in the Djerdap National Park is studied depending on the impact of climatic conditions. The influence was investigated on a yearly, monthly, and daily basis using data recorded at the meteorological station Veliko Gradiste. Data were analyzed for two periods: 1961-1990 and 1991-2017, and for the year of 2011. Special attention is devoted to the conditions for the emergence of the largest forest fire in the Djerdap National Park in September 2011. In this study, the Angstrom index, the Nesterov index, and method of deficit and surplus of precipitation are used to predict the risk of fire. There was an increased danger of fire in the forests in the period of 1991-2017 compared to the period of 1961-1990. Indices showing fire risk are increased for the months of June, July, and August. The September 2011 is characterized by an increase of average monthly air temperature by 3.7?C and a reduction of the total monthly rainfall of 32.3 mm compared to a long-term average value which favorable influenced to the occurrence of large forest fires.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF THE DROUGHT OF 2010 ON THE STATE OF THE FORESTS OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Ирек Сингатуллин ◽  
Irek Singatullin
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
The State ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Age Composition ◽  
Natural Range ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Total Forest Area ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Forest Conditions ◽  
Birch Forests

The drought in 2010 had a negative impact on the state of the main forest-forming species in the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan. The carried out researches in 2011-18. the scale of desiccation is determined, regularities of drying in plantations, different in age, composition, types of forest conditions, completeness are revealed. It is established that birch and spruce were most affected. In birch forests, more than 90% of the area of desiccation occurs in mature and overmature plantations, whose share in the total forest area reaches 50%. Dependence of desiccation on the participation of birch in the composition, completeness and diameter is not revealed. In spruce forests, desiccation occurred in all age categories, mostly in monocultures created outside the natural range. The conducted studies revealed the dynamics of birch changing after drying and sanitary cutting: in Kama - on spruce and linden, in the Transcaucasus - on aspen and linden, in the Upper Kama region - on maple, linden and oak. Birch in the conditions of the forest-steppe by the age of 40 almost completely loses its ability to grow and after felling does not participate in the formation of a new stand. In addition to birch and spruce, the aspen shrunk on significant areas, as a result of the drought in 2010, the area of fir was reduced and the border of its growth beyond the Kama river was reduced. There was a weakening of the pine, after 2010 the areas and volumes of drying increased due to infection with the root sponge. In total, the area affected by the 2010 drought in plantations in the Republic of Tatarstan according to preliminary estimates is more than 200 thousand hectares, incl. more than 30 thousand hectares of forest cultures have died or are in unsatisfactory condition. There was a decrease in the stock of forest-covered areas, especially ripe and overmature. It is necessary to develop measures to restore these areas.

scholarly journals Modifications of Grapevine Berry Composition Induced by Main Viral and Fungal Pathogens in a Climate Change Scenario

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Rienth ◽  
Nicolas Vigneron ◽  
Robert P. Walker ◽  
Simone Diego Castellarin ◽  
Crystal Sweetman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Change Scenario ◽  
Berry Quality ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Grapevine Berry ◽  
The Impact

The grapevine is subject to high number of fungal and viral diseases, which are responsible for important economic losses in the global wine sector every year. These pathogens deteriorate grapevine berry quality either directly via the modulation of fruit metabolic pathways and the production of endogenous compounds associated with bad taste and/or flavor, or indirectly via their impact on vine physiology. The most common and devastating fungal diseases in viticulture are gray mold, downy mildew (DM), and powdery mildew (PM), caused, respectively by Botrytis cinerea, Plasmopara viticola, and Erysiphe necator. Whereas B. cinerea mainly infects and deteriorates the ripening fruit directly, deteriorations by DM and PM are mostly indirect via a reduction of photosynthetic leaf area. Nevertheless, mildews can also infect berries at certain developmental stages and directly alter fruit quality via the biosynthesis of unpleasant flavor compounds that impair ultimate wine quality. The grapevine is furthermore host of a wide range of viruses that reduce vine longevity, productivity and berry quality in different ways. The most widespread virus-related diseases, that are known nowadays, are Grapevine Leafroll Disease (GLRD), Grapevine Fanleaf Disease (GFLD), and the more recently characterized grapevine red blotch disease (GRBD). Future climatic conditions are creating a more favorable environment for the proliferation of most virus-insect vectors, so the spread of virus-related diseases is expected to increase in most wine-growing regions. However, the impact of climate change on the evolution of fungal disease pressure will be variable and depending on region and pathogen, with mildews remaining certainly the major phytosanitary threat in most regions because their development rate is to a large extent temperature-driven. This paper aims to provide a review of published literature on most important grapevine fungal and viral pathogens and their impact on grape berry physiology and quality. Our overview of the published literature highlights gaps in our understanding of plant-pathogen interactions, which are valuable for conceiving future research programs dealing with the different pathogens and their impacts on grapevine berry quality and metabolism.

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