scholarly journals Профілактика хвороб печінки у курей яєчного напрямку продуктивності

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (73) ◽  
pp. 55-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.Y. Dunets ◽  
L.G. Slivinska

The article gives brief statistics of state poultry industry in Ukraine, its importance in the market of the country and problematics. The most common pathologies of non-contagious etiology in poultry associated with impaired metabolism are examined in the article. The data on age features of metabolism, level of metabolic processes and critical physiological and technological periods in laying hen sis shown. The greatest load takes over the liver, which is directly or indirectly involved in all metabolic and functional changes of hepatocytes cause a breach in the systems of organs and in organism as a whole. The analysis of scientific literature and numerous studies in recent years shows that the disease of the liver (hepatosis or dystrophy of hepatocytes, hepatitis and cirrhosis) are very common among poultry and are composed from 5.0 to 50.8% of all non-communicable diseases. A feature of these diseases is hidden (subclinical) course, which complicates their timely diagnosis and effective prevention. One direction solution to the problem is to normalize metabolic processes in the body and morpho-functional state of the liver is to use hepatoprotectors. It is established that the group of these medications in recent years, acquired widespread adoption due to the intensive rearing of poultry and for protection their organism against unfavorable external and internal environment. Hepatoprotectors, improving metabolism in the liver, provide intensive growth, development and high productivity of poultry. The selection studies of physiological period of laying hens for using hepatoprotectors in the prevention of liver diseases is required, in particular hepatosis for conducting clinical examination of how the system measures to prevent metabolic diseases of poultry. It is necessary to improve methods of early diagnosis the dysfunction of the liver and use effective methods of correction of metabolic processes.

Author(s):  
G.E. Akifieva ◽  
N.N. Novikova

Complete feeding is one of the most important factors that ensure the success of breeding work; it is the basis for increasing the productivity of animals, improving existing and breeding new breeds and types. In order to obtain high productivity from animals in accordance with their genetic potential it is necessary to ensure that animals consume more dry matter in rations with a variety of high-quality feed with a high concentration of energy and nutrients in the dry matter. The purpose of the research was to study the nutritional value of feeding rations in breeding farm with different technologies of cows housing in accordance with the feeding standards. The experiment has been carried out in the breeding farm of CJSC “Azovskoye” in the Azov district in the Omsk region. The results of studies of the ration of lactating cows of Red Steppe breed with a live weight of 500–550 kg and a daily milk yield of 19,5 kg of milk with different methods of housing (tie-up housing and free-stall housing) have been presented. It has been established that the farm ration did not provide for the specifics of the housing technology and consists of energy, protein and expensive feed with insufficient content of carbohydrates and macro elements (phosphorus). The proposed ration takes into account the peculiarities of the technology of animals housing, equalizes the indicators of the sugar-protein ratio, as well as phosphorus to calcium by reducing concentrated, coarse feed and introducing grain molasses, as well as phosphorus additives. The balanced ration provides for a large energy output of 9,97 MJ and prevents a number of possible metabolic diseases in the body associated with a violation in the feeding system of lactating cows.


2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 649-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Gavrylin ◽  
M. O. Nikitina

Nowadays, new breeds of rabbits are appearing with high productivity and rapid growth rate. These breeds require fresh research to be conducted in different fields, which include morphology of the intestine and gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). The morphology of the intestine and GALT of meat rabbits are the investigated objects of the current research. We conducted the investigation on rabbits of different ages (1, 10, 20, 30, 60 and 90 days old). Each age group consisted of five animals. All veterinary ethical requirements were complied with. The body lengths and body masses were measured. Using t-coefficients, we estimated the range of variation of these parameters in each age group. The conclusion about this variation was taken. The masses and lengths of the different intestine parts were investigated as well. Using the obtained values, we provided a continuous numerical model to compute the mass and length of any intestine part of a rabbit of any age in the range from one to 90 days. This allowed us to represent the obtained empirical model by a plot for subsequent detailed study. We found that the changes in masses and lengths do not follow the same pattern for all intestine parts. For some intestine parts, this pattern is approximately linear in the range from one to 90 days; meanwhile for others, the changes in masses and lengths are quite complicated. We observed two local maximas of the growth rate for some intestine parts. Apart from the masses and lengths of the intestine parts, we accomplished macro analysis of the aggregated lymphoid nodules of each age group of animals. We estimated the index of gross area and the law by which it changes in each group. The research results presented here may be used as a basis for composing food ration, assessment of immune status and development of effective prevention and treatment against some diseases. 


2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (82) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eurelija Venskaitytė ◽  
Jonas Poderys ◽  
Tadas Česnaitis

Research  background  and  hypothesis.  Traditional  time  series  analysis  techniques,  which  are  also  used  for the analysis of cardiovascular signals, do not reveal the relationship between the  changes in the indices recorded associated with the multiscale and chaotic structure of the tested object, which allows establishing short-and long-term structural and functional changes.Research aim was to reveal the dynamical peculiarities of interactions of cardiovascular system indices while evaluating the functional state of track-and-field athletes and Greco-Roman wrestlers.Research methods. Twenty two subjects participated in the study, their average age of 23.5 ± 1.7 years. During the study standard 12 lead electrocardiograms (ECG) were recorded. The following ECG parameters were used in the study: duration of RR interval taken from the II standard lead, duration of QRS complex, duration of JT interval and amplitude of ST segment taken from the V standard lead.Research  results.  Significant  differences  were  found  between  inter-parametric  connections  of  ST  segment amplitude and JT interval duration at the pre and post-training testing. Observed changes at different hierarchical levels of the body systems revealed inadequate cardiac metabolic processes, leading to changes in the metabolic rate of the myocardium and reflected in the dynamics of all investigated interactions.Discussion and conclusions. It has been found that peculiarities of the interactions of ECG indices interactions show the exposure of the  functional changes in the body at the onset of the workload. The alterations of the functional state of the body and the signs of fatigue, after athletes performed two high intensity training sessions per day, can be assessed using the approach of the evaluation of interactions between functional variables. Therefore the evaluation of the interactions of physiological signals by using time series analysis methods is suitable for the observation of these processes and the functional state of the body.Keywords: electrocardiogram, time series, functional state.


Author(s):  
A.M. Satarkulova

The assessment and dynamic control over students’ status is a very important task. It allows timely detection of prenosological status prior to pathology and health maintenance in students. The objective of the paper is to assess the adaptive abilities of the body, to analyze changes in heart rate variability indicators in students with various types of autonomic regulation, to identify prenosological status and precursory pathological symptoms. Materials and Methods. The study enrolled 302 students from India, aged 21.54±1.43. Programming complex «Psychophysiologist» was used to register the main HRV parameters within 5 minutes. Health status was evaluated according to the index of functional changes and the scale of functional states. Results. N.I. Shlyk (2009) distinguished two groups of students with different types of autonomic regulation: type 1 (53 %) with moderate and type 2 (5 %) with marked characteristics of central regulation profile, type 3 (35 %) with moderate and type 4 (7 %) with marked characteristics of autonomous regulation profile. Main parameters of HRV and adaptation potential were defined for each student.All the parameters characterized functional and health status. Conclusions. It was shown that 82 % of trial subjects (type 1), 53 % (type 2), 94 % (type 3) and 95 % (type 4) demonstrated satisfactory adaptation and their physiological processes were at an optimal level. 18 % of students (type 1) demonstrated reduced adaptive abilities of the body. Moreover, they were under moderate stress. 47 % of subjects (type 2) were also under a significant stress, which was proven by excessively high SI, low SDNN and TP, and an increased index of functional changes. 5 % of students (type 4) revealed dysfunctional characteristics in the heart rhythm, peculiar to pathology. Keywords: foreign students, heart rate variability, types of autonomic regulation, adaptation potential, functional status. Оценка состояния студентов и динамический контроль за ним является важной задачей, поскольку позволяет своевременно выявлять у студентов донозологические состояния, предшествующие патологии, и способствовать сохранению здоровья. Цель. Оценка адаптивных возможностей организма, анализ изменений показателей вариабельности сердечного ритма у студентов с различными типами вегетативной регуляции, выявление донозологических состояний и ранних признаков патологии. Материалы и методы. В исследовании участвовало 302 студента в возрасте 21,54+1,43 года из Индии. Регистрировались основные параметры ВСР в течение 5 мин с использованием программно-аппаратного комплекса «Психофизиолог». Состояние и уровень здоровья оценивались по индексу функциональных изменений и шкале функциональных состояний. Результаты. По способу, предложенному Н.И. Шлык, выделены группы студентов с различными типами вегетативной регуляции: I (53 %) и II типы (5 %) – с умеренным и выраженным преобладанием центрального контура регуляции соответственно, III (35 %) и IV типы (7 %) – с умеренным и выраженным преобладанием автономного контура регуляции соответственно. У каждого из студентов определены основные параметры ВСР и адаптационного потенциала, характеризующие функциональное состояние и уровень здоровья. Выводы. Показано, что для 82 % обследуемых с I типом, 53 % со II типом, 94 % c III типом и 95 % с IV типом регуляции характерно состояние удовлетворительной адаптации, физиологические процессы сохраняются на оптимальном уровне. В группе студентов I типа у 18 % студентов адаптивные возможности организма снижены, выявлено состояние умеренного напряжения. У 47 % обследуемых II типа также зафиксировано состояние резко выраженного напряжения, индикатором которого является чрезмерно высокое значение SI, низкие величины SDNN и ТP, повышенное значение индекса функциональных изменений. В группе студентов с IV типом у 5 % учащихсяв регуляции ритма сердца выявлены дисфункциональные признаки, характерные для патологии. Ключевые слова: иностранные студенты, вариабельность сердечного ритма, типы вегетативной регуляции, адаптационный потенциал, функциональное состояние.


2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1262-1267
Author(s):  
Haojun Yang ◽  
Hanyang Liu ◽  
YuWen Jiao ◽  
Jun Qian

Background: G protein-coupled bile acid receptor (TGR5) is involved in a number of metabolic diseases. The aim of this study was to identify the role of TGR5 after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (GBP). Methods: Wild type and TGR5 knockout mice (tgr5-/-) were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) to establish the obesity model. GBP was performed. The changes in body weight and food intake were measured. The levels of TGR5 and peptide YY (PYY) were evaluated by RT-PCR, Western blot, and ELISA. Moreover, the L-cells were separated from wild type and tgr5-/- mice. The levels of PYY in L-cells were evaluated by ELISA. Results: The body weights were significantly decreased after GBP in wild type mice (p<0.05), but not tgr5-/- mice (p>0.05). Food intake was reduced after GBP in wild type mice, but also not significantly affected in tgr5-/- mice (p>0.05). The levels of PYY were significantly increased after GBP compared with the sham group (p<0.05); however, in tgr5-/- mice the expression of PYY was not significantly affected (p>0.05). After INT-777 stimulation in L-cells obtained from murine intestines, the levels of PYY were significantly increased in L-cells tgr5+/+ (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our study suggests that GBP up-regulated the expression of TGR5 in murine intestines, and increased the levels of PYY, which further reduced food intake and decreased the body weight.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengwang Yu ◽  
Jie Huang ◽  
Zhongxin Zhou

AbstractCage layer osteoporosis (CLO) is a common bone metabolism disease in the breeding industry of China. However, effective prevention for CLO has not been developed. Icariin (ICA), the main bioactive component of the Chinese herb Epimedium, has been shown to have good therapeutic effects on bone-related diseases. In this study, the effects of ICA were further evaluated in a low-calcium diet-induced CLO, and a serum metabolomics assay was performed to understand the underlying mechanisms. A total of 144 31-wk-old Lohmann pink-shell laying hens were randomly allocated to 4 groups with 6 replicates of 6 hens per replicate. The 4 dietary treatment groups consisted of a basal diet (3.5% calcium), a low-calcium diet (2.0% calcium), and a low-calcium diet supplemented with 0.5 or 2.0 g/kg ICA. The results showed that ICA exerted good osteoprotective effects on low-calcium diet-induced CLO. ICA significantly increased femur bone mineral density, improved bone microstructure, decreased bone metabolic level, and upregulated mRNA expression of bone formation genes in femoral bone tissue. Serum untargeted metabolomics analysis showed that 8 metabolite levels were significantly changed after ICA treatment, including increased contents of 7-dehydrocholesterol, 7-oxocholesterol, desmosterol, PC (18:1(9Z)/18:1(9Z)), PS (18:0/18:1(9Z)), N,N-dimethylaniline and 2-hydroxy-butanoic acid and decreased N2,N2-dimethylguanosine. Metabolic pathway analysis based on the above 8 metabolites indicated that ICA mainly perturbed steroid biosynthesis and glycerophospholipid metabolism. These findings suggest that ICA can effectively prevent bone loss in low-calcium diet-induced CLO by mediating steroid biosynthesis and glycerophospholipid metabolism and provide new information for the regulation of bone metabolic diseases.


Author(s):  
Minsoo Kang ◽  
Sun Kyoung Han ◽  
Suhyun Kim ◽  
Sungyeon Park ◽  
Yerin Jo ◽  
...  

Abstract Hepatic gluconeogenesis is the central pathway for glucose generation in the body. The imbalance between glucose synthesis and uptake leads to metabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Small leucine zipper protein (sLZIP) is an isoform of LZIP and it mainly functions as a transcription factor. Although sLZIP is known to regulate the transcription of genes involved in various cellular processes, the role of sLZIP in hepatic glucose metabolism is not known. In this study, we investigated the regulatory role of sLZIP in hepatic gluconeogenesis and its involvement in metabolic disorder. We found that sLZIP expression was elevated during glucose starvation, leading to the promotion of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and glucose-6-phosphatase expression in hepatocytes. However, sLZIP knockdown suppressed the expression of the gluconeogenic enzymes under low glucose conditions. sLZIP also enhanced glucose production in the human liver cells and mouse primary hepatic cells. Fasting-induced cyclic adenosine monophosphate impeded sLZIP degradation. Results of glucose and pyruvate tolerance tests showed that sLZIP transgenic mice exhibited abnormal blood glucose metabolism. These findings suggest that sLZIP is a novel regulator of gluconeogenic enzyme expression and plays a role in blood glucose homeostasis during starvation.


2015 ◽  
Vol 129 (12) ◽  
pp. 1083-1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph B. McPhee ◽  
Jonathan D. Schertzer

The bacteria that inhabit us have emerged as factors linking immunity and metabolism. Changes in our microbiota can modify obesity and the immune underpinnings of metabolic diseases such as Type 2 diabetes. Obesity coincides with a low-level systemic inflammation, which also manifests within metabolic tissues such as adipose tissue and liver. This metabolic inflammation can promote insulin resistance and dysglycaemia. However, the obesity and metabolic disease-related immune responses that are compartmentalized in the intestinal environment do not necessarily parallel the inflammatory status of metabolic tissues that control blood glucose. In fact, a permissive immune environment in the gut can exacerbate metabolic tissue inflammation. Unravelling these discordant immune responses in different parts of the body and establishing a connection between nutrients, immunity and the microbiota in the gut is a complex challenge. Recent evidence positions the relationship between host gut barrier function, intestinal T cell responses and specific microbes at the crossroads of obesity and inflammation in metabolic disease. A key problem to be addressed is understanding how metabolite, immune or bacterial signals from the gut are relayed and transferred into systemic or metabolic tissue inflammation that can impair insulin action preceding Type 2 diabetes.


Author(s):  
Analia Lorena Tomat ◽  
Francisco Javier Salazar

AbstractA substantial body of epidemiological and experimental evidence suggests that a poor fetal and neonatal environment may “program” susceptibility in the offspring to later development of cardiovascular, renal and metabolic diseases.This review focuses on current knowledge from the available literature regarding the mechanisms linking an adverse developmental environment with an increased risk for cardiovascular, renal and metabolic diseases in adult life. Moreover, this review highlights important sex-dependent differences in the adaptation to developmental insults.Developmental programming of several diseases is secondary to changes in different mechanisms inducing important alterations in the normal development of several organs that lead to significant changes in birth weight. The different diseases occurring as a consequence of an adverse environment during development are secondary to morphological and functional cardiovascular and renal changes, to epigenetic changes and to an activation of several hormonal and regulatory systems, such as angiotensin II, sympathetic activity, nitric oxide, COX2-derived metabolites, oxidative stress and inflammation. The important sex-dependent differences in the developmental programming of diseases seem to be partly secondary to the effects of sex hormones. Recent studies have shown that the progression of these diseases is accelerated during aging in both sexes.The cardiovascular, renal and metabolic diseases during adult life that occur as a consequence of several insults during fetal and postnatal periods are secondary to multiple structural and functional changes. Future studies are needed in order to prevent the origin and reduce the incidence and consequences of developmental programmed diseases.


1982 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 35-38
Author(s):  
Z. P. Lati ◽  
V. F. Zhuravskaya ◽  
Ya. R. Kretova

We analyzed 105 profile teleroentgenograms of the head of patients at the age of milk, replaceable and permanent bite with progenic closure of the dentition. On the basis of cranio-, gnato, and profilometric studies, the average angular and linear measurements of teleroentgenograms were calculated for each age group of patients, with which the average data of the age norm were compared. It was found that in the period of milk bite, dentoalveolar forms of progeny prevail. In a removable and especially permanent bite, there is a violation of the proportionality of the ratio of the upper and lower jaws and a sharp discrepancy between the length of the body and the height of the branches of the lower jaw, that is, the signs of progeny increase.


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