Utilización tradicional y composición bioquímica de seis conchas de moluscos en Nigeria

The shells of molluscs protect them from physical damage, predators and dehydration. We studied various local uses of shells and their biochemical properties in Abeokuta, Nigeria. A standard structured questionnaire about use was applied to 100 snail and herb sellers and shells from 120 adult individuals of Archachatina marginata, Achatina achatina, Achatina fulica, Littorina littorea, Meretrix lusoria and Merceneria mercenaria were evaluated for their mineral components (Ca2+, Fe2+, Mg2+, Na+, Zn+, P+, K+) and proximate composition (crude protein, ash, fibre, crude fat and carbohydrate) using standard methods. Properties against fungi and bacteria isolates were also tested. These shells are used for bleaching, brushing, abrasion and others. The weight of the shells varied from 0.5g (L. littorea) to 25.00g (A. marginata) and thickness from 0.46mm in M .lusoria to 5.35mm in M. mercenaria. We found no inhibitory effect against fungi and bacterial isolates. The molluscs are high in carbohydrates (83.54-92.76g/100g) and low in protein (0.16-0.38g/100g). The fat content ranged between 0.42g/100g and 0.82g/100g, and ash between 2.14g/100g and 9.45g/100g. Ca2+ was the most abundant (10.25-96.35mg/g) while K+ was the least abundant (0.3-0.7mg/g) (p<0.05). Active ingredients of these shells can be used in the feed and construction industries.

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Evaluation of antibacterial, teratogenicity and antibiofilm effect of sulfated chitosans extracted from marine waste against microorganism

Journal of Bioactive and Compatible Polymers ◽

10.1177/08839115211014225 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 088391152110142

Author(s):

Velu Gomathy ◽

Venkatesan Manigandan ◽

Narasimman Vignesh ◽

Aavula Thabitha ◽

Ramachandran Saravanan

Keyword(s):

Biofilm Formation ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Marine Litter ◽

Ionization Time ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Mineral Components ◽

Ft Ir

Biofilms play a key role in infectious diseases, as they may form on the surface and persist after treatment with various antimicrobial agents. The Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, S. typhimurium, P. aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli most frequently associated with medical devices. Chitosan sulphate from marine litter (SCH-MW) was extracted and the mineral components were determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The degree of deacetylation (DA) of SCH was predicted 50% and 33.3% in crab and shrimp waste respectively. The elucidation of the structure of the SCH-MW was portrayed using FT-IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The molecular mass of SCH-MW was determined with Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF). The teratogenicity of SCH-MW was characterized by the zebrafish embryo (ZFE) model. Antimicrobial activity of SCH-MW was tested with the agar well diffusion method; the inhibitory effect of SCH-MW on biofilm formation was assessed in 96 flat well polystyrene plates. The result revealed that a low concentration of crab-sulfated chitosan inhibited bacterial growth and significantly reduced the anti-biofilm activity of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria relatively to shrimp. It is potentially against the biofilm formation of pathogenic bacteria.

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Mutagenic Effect of Crucifers Lepidium sativum and Eruca sativa in Comparison to Carrot Daucus carota

Baghdad Science Journal ◽

10.21123/bsj.5.3.330-333 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 330-333

Author(s):

Baghdad Science Journal

Keyword(s):

Daucus Carota ◽

Mutagenic Effect ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Lepidium Sativum ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Eruca Sativa ◽

Survival Fraction ◽

Bacillus Spp ◽

Resistant Mutants ◽

Different Levels

The mutagenic effect of some crucifers widely consumed Lepiduim sativum (Garden cress) and Arugula (Eruca sativa) was studied in comparison to carrot (Daucus carota), using bacterial mutagenic system composed of three bacterial isolates; (Bacillus spp)G3 (Arthrobacter spp)G12, and (Brevibacterium spp)G27 ,. Treatment of isolates with plant extracts led to reduction in survival fraction (Sx)at different levels except that Aurgula extract did not show any inhibitory effect in isolates G12 and G27. Crucifers extracts induced streptomycin resistant mutants in G12 at higher level than G3 , but not in G27. No resistance to rifimpacin was detected in all isolates.

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Searching for Antagonistic Activity of Bacterial Isolates Derived from Food Processing Environments on Some Food-Borne Pathogenic Bacteria

Acta Alimentaria ◽

10.1556/066.2020.49.4.7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 415-423

Author(s):

B. Baráti-Deák ◽

Cs. Mohácsi-Farkas ◽

Á. Belák

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Food Processing ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Antagonistic Activity ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Food Borne ◽

Time Period ◽

Growth Decline

Bacterial strains with inhibitory eﬀect on Salmonella Hartford, Listeria monocytogenes, Yersinia enterocolitica, and Escherichia coli, respectively, were isolated. Out of the 64 bacteria originated from food processing environments, 20 could inhibit at least one of the tested pathogens, and it was proved that growth decline of the pathogenic bacteria was more remarkable by co-culturing than by using cell-free supernatants of the isolates. Seven diﬀerent genera (Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Paenibacillus, Macrococcus, Staphylococcus, Serratia, and Rothia) reduced the pathogens’ growth during the time period of analysis, and the strongest inhibitory eﬀect was observed after 24 h between 15 and 30 °C. Sensitivity of the tested human pathogenic bacteria against the inhibitory strains was distinct, as Y. enterocolitica could be inhibited by numerous isolates, while S. Hartford proved to be the most resistant. Our results reveal that the isolated bacteria or their excreted metabolites could hinder pathogen growth when used in suﬃcient quantities.

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The Pharmacological Activity, Biochemical Properties, and Pharmacokinetics of the Major Natural Polyphenolic Flavonoid: Quercetin

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods9030374 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 374 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Gaber El-Saber Batiha ◽

Amany Magdy Beshbishy ◽

Muhammad Ikram ◽

Zohair S. Mulla ◽

Mohamed E. Abd El-Hack ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Biochemical Properties ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Natural Substances ◽

Current Review ◽

Flavonoid Quercetin ◽

Small Intestines ◽

The Brain

Flavonoids are a class of natural substances present in plants, fruits, vegetables, wine, bulbs, bark, stems, roots, and tea. Several attempts are being made to isolate such natural products, which are popular for their health benefits. Flavonoids are now seen as an essential component in a number of cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and medicinal formulations. Quercetin is the major polyphenolic flavonoid found in food products, including berries, apples, cauliflower, tea, cabbage, nuts, and onions that have traditionally been treated as anticancer and antiviral, and used for the treatment of allergic, metabolic, and inflammatory disorders, eye and cardiovascular diseases, and arthritis. Pharmacologically, quercetin has been examined against various microorganisms and parasites, including pathogenic bacteria, viruses, and Plasmodium, Babesia, and Theileria parasites. Additionally, it has shown beneficial effects against Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and this activity is due to its inhibitory effect against acetylcholinesterase. It has also been documented to possess antioxidant, antifungal, anti-carcinogenic, hepatoprotective, and cytotoxic activity. Quercetin has been documented to accumulate in the lungs, liver, kidneys, and small intestines, with lower levels seen in the brain, heart, and spleen, and it is extracted through the renal, fecal, and respiratory systems. The current review examines the pharmacokinetics, as well as the toxic and biological activities of quercetin.

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ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF MICROFLORA FROM APPARENTLY HEALTHY CAGED PARROTS OF DHAKA ZOO OF BANGLADESH

Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.3329/bjvm.v8i1.8349 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 05-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

J Akhter ◽

MT Hossain ◽

MT Islam ◽

MP Siddique ◽

MA Islam

Keyword(s):

Research Work ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Biochemical Properties ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Gram Negative ◽

E Coli ◽

Apparently Healthy

The research work was conducted to isolate and identify the microflora from apparently healthy caged parrots. A total of 45 samples (oral swabs, cloacal swabs and feces) were collected from five types of caged parrots (Gray cockatiels, Rose ringed parakeet, Alexandriane parakeet, Red breast parakeet and Blossom headed parakeet) of Dhaka Zoo during the period from April to August 2009. The samples were cultured on different bacteriological media and the bacteria were identified by their cultural and biochemical properties. All the isolates were allowed for antibiogram study. The bacteria isolated in this study from different types of caged parrots were E. coli (64.44%), Salmonella spp. (46.67%), Staphylococcus spp. (46.67%), Pasteurella spp. (33.33%), Proteus spp. (6.67%) and some unidentified Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Of these isolates, E. coli was the most frequent isolate. The frequency of Gram-negative bacteria was higher in this study. The percentage of bacterial isolates recovered from each type of parrots was almost similar. Irrespective of types of parrots, the higher percentage of different bacteria was isolated from cloacal swab (77.78%) followed by feces (75.56%). The 68.89% isolates were recovered from oral swab. All the suspected isolates of Salmonella spp. were confirmed by slide agglutination test using Salmonella polyvalent ‘O’ antiserum. Among the 21 Salmonella spp. isolated in this study, 4 (19.05%) isolates were identified as S. Pullorum when tested with specific antisera against S. Pullorum. The results of antibiotic sensitivity tests revealed that ampicillin and amoxicillin were completely resistant to E. coli and Pasteurella spp.; ampicillin to Proteus spp.; and furazolidone to Salmonella spp. and Pasteurella spp. However, the antibiotics of fluoroquinolone group such as ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and enrofloxacin showed moderate to high sensitivity against almost all the bacterial isolates. Of these, ciprofloxacin was found to be consistently highly sensitive to all the bacterial isolates. DOI = 10.3329/bjvm.v8i1.8349 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2010). 8(1): 05-10

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Isolation of pathogenic bacteria from Oberea linearis (Coleptera: Cerambycidae)

Biologia ◽

10.2478/s11756-007-0009-4 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 62 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Ali Bahar ◽

Zihni Demirbağ

Keyword(s):

Serratia Marcescens ◽

Pseudomonas Syringae ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Bacterial Flora ◽

Biochemical Properties ◽

Metabolic Enzyme ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Pseudomonas Sp ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Enterobacter Agglomerans

AbstractThe bacterial flora of the Oberea linearis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) was investigated and 13 different bacteria were isolated from O. linearis larvae. Seven of these bacteria were performed and characterized at species level and the rest of them were characterized at genus level. In this study, we determined morphological and physiological characteristics of the bacterial isolates by conventional and routine techniques, biochemical properties and metabolic enzyme profiles by API20E and Phoenix 1000A panel test systems. Additionally, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis was also performed to identify the isolates at the molecular level. The isolates were identified as Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (Ol1), Enterobacter aerogenes (Ol2), Pseudomonas sp. (Ol3), Flavobacterium sp. (Ol4), Microbacterium sp. (Ol5), Enterobacter agglomerans (Ol6), Xanthomonas sp. (Ol7), Pseudomonas syringae (Ol8), Pseudomonas sp. (Ol9), Xanthomonas sp. (Ol10), Enterobacter cancerogenus (Ol11), Xanthomonas maltophilia (Ol12), and Serratia marcescens (Ol13). This is the first record of bacterial isolates (Ol5, Ol8, Ol11, Ol12) from any insect. All these bacteria were tested against O. linearis larvae, and Serratia marcescens was found to cause the highest mortality (65%). On the other hand, we determined 90% mortality against this pest within four days by utilizing spore and crystal mixture of Bacillus thuringiensis isolated from Melolontha melolontha.

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Influence of First-Line Antibiotics on the Antibacterial Activities of Acetone Stem Bark Extract ofAcacia mearnsiiDe Wild. against Drug-Resistant Bacterial Isolates

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2014/423751 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Olufunmiso O. Olajuyigbe ◽

Roger M. Coopoosamy

Keyword(s):

Synergistic Effects ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Drug Combinations ◽

Acetone Extract ◽

Bark Extract ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Agar Diffusion

Background.This study was aimed at evaluating the antibacterial activity of the acetone extract ofA. mearnsiiand its interactions with antibiotics against some resistant bacterial strains.Methods.The antibacterial susceptibility testing was determined by agar diffusion and macrobroth dilution methods while the checkerboard method was used for the determination of synergy between the antibiotics and the extract.Results.The results showed that the susceptibility of the different bacterial isolates was concentration dependent for the extract and the different antibiotics. With the exception ofS. marcescens, the inhibition zones of the extract produced by 20 mg/mL ranged between 18 and 32 mm. While metronidazole did not inhibit any of the bacterial isolates, all the antibiotics and their combinations, except for ciprofloxacin and its combination, did not inhibitEnterococcus faecalis. The antibacterial combinations were more of being antagonistic than of being synergistic in the agar diffusion assay. From the macrobroth dilution, the extract and the antibiotics exerted a varied degree of inhibitory effect on the test organisms. The MIC values of the acetone extract which are in mg/mL are lower than those of the different antibiotics which are inμg/mL. From the checkerboard assay, the antibacterial combinations showed varied degrees of interactions including synergism, additive, indifference, and antagonism interactions. While antagonistic and additive interactions were 14.44%, indifference interaction was 22.22% and synergistic interaction was 37.78% of the antibacterial combinations against the test isolates. While the additivity/indifference interactions indicated no interactions, the antagonistic interaction may be considered as a negative interaction that could result in toxicity and suboptimal bioactivity.Conclusion.The synergistic effects of the herbal-drug combinations may be harnessed for the discovery and development of more rational evidence-based drug combinations with optimized efficiency in the prevention of multidrug resistance and therapy of multifactorial diseases.

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Inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus by crude and fractionated extract from lactic acid bacteria

Beneficial Microbes ◽

10.3920/bm2014.0021 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 129-139 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

C.-B. Wong ◽

B.-Y. Khoo ◽

S. Sasidharan ◽

W. Piyawattanametha ◽

S.H. Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Cellular Membrane ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Protein Fractions ◽

Clinical Strain ◽

Lipid Fractions ◽

Fresh Vegetables ◽

Staphyloccocus Aureus

Increasing levels of antibiotic resistance by Staphyloccocus aureus have posed a need to search for non-antibiotic alternatives. This study aimed to assess the inhibitory effects of crude and fractionated cell-free supernatants (CFS) of locally isolated lactic acid bacteria (LAB) against a clinical strain of S. aureus. A total of 42 LAB strains were isolated and identified from fresh vegetables, fresh fruits and fermented products prior to evaluation of inhibitory activities. CFS of LAB strains exhibiting a stronger inhibitive effect against S. aureus were fractionated into crude protein, polysaccharide and lipid fractions. Crude protein fractions showed greater inhibition against S. aureus compared to polysaccharide and lipid fractions, with a more prevalent effect from Lactobacillus plantarum 8513 and L. plantarum BT8513. Crude protein, polysaccharide and lipid fractions were also characterised with glycine, mannose and oleic acid being detected as the major component of each fraction, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy revealed roughed and wrinkled membrane morphology of S. aureus upon treatment with crude protein fractions of LAB, suggesting an inhibitory effect via the destruction of cellular membrane. This research illustrated the potential application of fractionated extracts from LAB to inhibit S. aureus for use in the food and health industry.

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Screening Cellulolytic Bacteria from the Digestive Tract Snail (Achatina fulica) and Test the Ability of Cellulase Activity

Biosaintifika Journal of Biology & Biology Education ◽

10.15294/biosaintifika.v8i3.7263 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 386

Author(s):

Wijanarka Wijanarka ◽

Endang Kusdiyantini ◽

Sarjana Parman

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Activity ◽

Digestive Tract ◽

Generation Time ◽

Cellulase Activity ◽

Biology Education ◽

Activity Measurement ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Achatina Fulica ◽

Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽

Activity Measurements

On the research of enzyme production levels observed cellulase produced by bacteria in the digestive tract of the isolation of the Snail (Achatina fulica). Isolation of bacteria based on the ability of bacteria to grow on CMC media. The purpose of this study was to determine cellulase activity by cellulolytic bacteria. Some bacterial isolates were identified as cellulolytic bacteria, they were KE-B1, KE-B2, KE-B3, KE-B4, KE-B5, and KE-B6. Isolates KE-B6 was the best isolates. Furthermore KE-B6 isolates were grown on media production to determine the pattern of growth and enzyme activity. Measurement of cell growth was conducted by inoculating starter aged 22 hours at CMC production of liquid medium. Cellulase enzyme activity measurements was performed by the DNS method. The results showed that the highest activity by new isolate bacteria KE-B6 and its value of the activity of 0.4539 U/mL, growth rate (µ) 0.377/hour and generation time (g) 1.84 hour. This research expected cellulase of producing bacteria were easy, inexpensive and efficient. This enzyme can be used as an enzyme biolytic once expected to replace expensive commercial enzyme. The biotylic enzyme can be applied to strains improvement (protoplast fusion).How to CiteWijanarka, W., Kusdiyantini, E. & Parman, S. (2016). Screening Cellulolytic Bacteria from the Digestive Tract Snail (Achatina fulica) and Test the Ability of Cellulase Activity. Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education, 8(3), 386-392.

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Biochemical characterisation of chlorophyllase from leaves of selected Prunus species--a comparative study.

Acta Biochimica Polonica ◽

10.18388/abp.2013_2007 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 60 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Hubert Sytykiewicz ◽

Iwona Sprawka ◽

Paweł Czerniewicz ◽

Cezary Sempruch ◽

Bogumił Leszczyński ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Enzymatic Activity ◽

Sour Cherry ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Biochemical Properties ◽

Prunus Domestica ◽

Prunus Species ◽

Chl A ◽

Chlorophyll Breakdown ◽

Biochemical Characterisation ◽

Catabolic Process

Despite senescence-induced chlorophyll depletion in plants has been widely studied, the enzymatic background of this physiologically regulated process still remains highly unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine selected biochemical properties of partially purified fractions of chlorophyllase (Chlase, chlorophyll chlorophyllido-hydrolase, EC 3.1.1.14) from leaves of three Prunus species: bird cherry (Prunus padus L.), European plum (Prunus domestica L.), and sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.). Secondarily, this report was aimed at comparing seasonal dynamics of Chlase activity and chlorophyll a (Chl a) content within investigated plant systems. Molecular weight of native Chlase F1 has been estimated at 90 kDa (bird cherry) and approximately 100 kDa (European plum and sour cherry), whereas molecular mass of Chlase F2 varied from 35 kDa (European plum) to 60 kDa (sour cherry). Furthermore, enzyme fractions possessed similar optimal pH values ranging from 7.6 to 8.0. It was found that among a broad panel of tested metal ions, Hg(+2), Fe(+2), and Cu(+2) cations showed the most pronounced inhibitory effect on the activity of Chlase. In contrast, the presence of Mg(+2) ions influenced a subtle stimulation of the enzymatic activity. Importantly, although Chlase activity was negatively correlated with the amount of Chl a in leaves of examined Prunus species, detailed comparative analyses revealed an incidental decrement of enzymatic activity in early or moderately senescing leaves. It provides evidence that foliar Chlase is not the only enzyme involved in autumnal chlorophyll breakdown and further in-depth studies elucidating this catabolic process are required.

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