scholarly journals THE NEED FOR STATE INTERVENTION IN THE ECONOMY AND IN PARTICULAR IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR - ARGUMENTS FOR AND AGAINST

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (Suppl.1) ◽  
pp. 440-444
Author(s):  
Darina Stoyanova
Keyword(s):  
Imperfect Competition ◽  
Mixed Type ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The State ◽  
Market Failures ◽  
Economic Literature ◽  
Policies And Measures ◽  
Made In

THE PURPOSE of the present research is to examine the main author's opinions regarding the state policy and its intervention in the economy and in particular in the agricultural sector, and on this basis to draw out, systematize and summarize the main directions and arguments for and against the intervention of the state in the economy. METHODS: Based on a literature review should be grouped the different opinions of the authors studied this problem. We should make a comparative analysis of the negative and positive aspects of state intervention on the economy and taking into account the specifics of the agricultural sector. RESULTS: As a result of the research are summarized and analyzed the main tendencies and opinions about the need for state intervention in the economy. CONCLUSIONS: From the analysis made in the study, there is no unambiguous vision in the economic literature regarding the need of state intervention in the economy and agricultural sector. Despite all the arguments that are drawn against the state support, the state through its policies and measures intervenes in the financial and credit markets. Factors have been put forward to support the need of state intervention to prevent market failures such as monopolization of production, imperfect competition and others. Highlighted are examples of highly developed countries where the mixed type of governance and adequate state intervention positively affect the economy.

Reform of the system of development institutions of the Far East: directions and tasks

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 101-108
Author(s):  
I. S. Khvan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Regional Development ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Far East ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The State ◽  
Market Failures ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Development Institutions ◽  
State Corporation ◽  
The Russian Federation

Development institutions are an important modern instrument of government regulation of the economy in all developed countries. The system of development institutions of the Russian Federation includes the federal and regional development institutions. Key federal development institutions include such well-known state corporations as the investment fund of the Russian Federation; the State Corporation "Bank for Development and Foreign Economic Activity (Vnesheconombank)"; the state corporation "Russian Corporation of Nanotechnologies," etc. According to experts of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation, about 200 regional development institutions operate on the territory of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The objectives of this extensive system of development institutions so far have been to overcome the so-called "market failures," which cannot be optimally realized by the market mechanisms, and to promote the sustained economic growth of a country or an individual region. In November 2020, the Government of the Russian Federation announced the reform of the system of development institutions in the country. The article analyzes the goals and main directions of the announced reform. On the example of the system of development institutions of the Far East, an attempt was made to assess its possible consequences.

scholarly journals Intervenção do Estado na Economia e Direito da Concorrência

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (38) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Carlos Buchain
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
The State ◽  
Market Failures ◽  
Free Enterprise ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Free Competition

 Intervenção do estado na economia e direito da concorrência Intervention of the state in the economy and competition law Luiz Carlos Buchain *  REFERÊNCIA BUCHAIN, Luiz Carlos. Intervenção do estado na economia e direito da concorrência. Revista da Faculdade de Direito da UFRGS, Porto Alegre, n. 38, p. 178-198, ago. 2018. RESUMOABSTRACTO texto trata da intervenção do Estado na ordem econômica. Considerando-se que o mercado perfeito é uma hipótese teórica e que o mercado apresenta “falhas no mercado”, o legislador constitucional autoriza a intervenção do Estado na economia. De um lado o Estado poderá ser agente econômico e explorar diretamente a economia, sempre que essa atividade seja necessária aos “imperativos de segurança nacional” e, de outro, o Estado intervém indiretamente na economia como agente normativo e regulador da atividade econômica. Analisa-se a possibilidade de intervenção do Estado na econômica em face dos princípios de livre iniciativa e livre concorrência. Enquanto a livre iniciativa representa a liberdade de produção e distribuição de bens e serviços, a livre concorrência representa um “princípio econômico”, segundo o qual a produção e os preços das mercadorias e serviços não devem resultar de atos cogentes da autoridade, mas sim do livre mercado. Entretanto, seja como agente regulador, seja como empresário, ao Estado compete garantir a eficácia da livre iniciativa e defesa da ordem concorrencial. A intervenção regulamentar do Estado na economia não o autoriza a agir contra o livre exercício da atividade econômica ou com desrespeito aos princípios da livre iniciativa e legalidade. Mesmo nas hipóteses em que a lei concede ao Estado liberdade aos seus atos, este está submetido ao fundamento da livre iniciativa e ao princípio da livre concorrência, sob pena de responsabilidade civil objetiva. The paper deals with the intervention of the State in the economic order. Considering that the perfect market is a theoretical hypothesis and that the market presents "market failures", the constitutional legislator authorizes the intervention of the State in the economy. On the one hand, the State can be an economic agent and act on the economy directly whenever this activity is necessary to the "imperatives of national security" and, on the other hand, the State intervenes indirectly in the economy as a normative agent and regulator of economic activity. It analyzes the possibility of state intervention in the economy in the face of the principles of free initiative and free competition. While free enterprise represents the freedom to produce and distribute goods and services, free competition represents an "economic principle" according to which the production and prices of goods and services should not be the result of acts of binding authority but of the free market. However, whether as a regulatory agent or as an entrepreneur, the State is responsible for guaranteeing the effectiveness of free initiative and the defense of the competitive order. The State's regulatory intervention in the economy does not authorize it to act against the free exercise of economic activity or with disrespect to the principles of free initiative and rule of law. Even in cases where the law grants the State freedom to act, it is subject to the principle of free initiative and to the principle of free competition, under penalty of objective civil liability.PALAVRAS-CHAVEKEYWORDSLivre iniciativa. Livre concorrência. Intervenção do Estado na economia. Responsabilidade civil objetiva.Free initiative. Free competition. State intervention in the economy. Objective civil liability.* Professora adjunto da Faculdade de Direito da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Doutorado em Direito Econômico na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Advogado.

Gender Equality in Agriculture: Examining State Intervention in Australia and Northern Ireland

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Pini ◽  
Sally Shortall
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Equity ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
The State ◽  
State Feminism ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

This paper is concerned with the extent to which the state offers potential for furthering farm women's status and rights. Using case studies of Australia and Northern Ireland, it examines the extent to which the state has intervened to address gender inequality in the agricultural sector. These two locations provide a particularly rich scope for analysis because while Australia has a long history of state feminism and an extensive legislative framework for pursing gender equity, this is not the case with Northern Ireland. At the same time, the restructuring of the state in Northern Ireland, following on from the Belfast Agreement of 1998 and the Northern Ireland Act of 1998, has generated new opportunities for state intervention regarding gender equality. Moreover, while gender is now for the first time being placed on the state agenda in Northern Ireland, gender reform is being wound back in Australia, as equity discourses are subsumed by the hegemonic discourses of neo-liberalism.

Food Consumption and Health

2011 ◽  
pp. 715-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrice Etilé
Keyword(s):  
Policy Evaluation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Market Failures ◽  
Economic Literature ◽  
Historical Trends ◽  
Public Intervention ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Current Trends

This article reviews the economic literature on the causes and consequences of current trends in food-related chronic diseases (FRCD) from a policy evaluation viewpoint. It focuses on policy interventions on the consumer side in developed countries. It recalls some key facts regarding historical trends in nutrition and FRCD, and highlights individual heterogeneity that is hidden behind aggregate trends. Some estimates of the medical and human capital costs of FRCD are also provided. It then considers the normative rationales for public intervention: market failures, such as the presence of externalities; and failures of consumer rationality. This article brings together some of the available empirical evidence regarding price and information policies and proposes some directions for future research.

scholarly journals Problems of financial and lending support for the agricultural sector of the economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (98) ◽  
pp. 123-134
Author(s):  
S. N. Kolotukha ◽  
◽  
E. N. Melnyk ◽  
O. V. Ponomarenko
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The State ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
State Support ◽  
Agricultural Insurance ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises

The article is devoted to the relevant issues of determining factors and ways to intensify financial and lending support for the agricultural sector of the economy. In the wider sense, financial and lending support for agricultural enterprises is necessary for financing, growth and development of the state economy. National and foreign experiences demonstrate that the finances of agricultural enterprises have certain specific nature and require permanent crediting. Due to the length of production cycle, seasonality, nature of cost formation and supplies of agricultural enterprises, its own permanent funding source is impossible. Consequently, the attraction and usage of borrowed financial resources is the key aspect of the financial activity of the agricultural sector of the economy aimed at the achieving successful final results. The research shows that in all developed countries the agricultural sector of the economy enjoys the benefits of state support as it directly affects the country’s food safety. It is revealed that the introduced system of funding state support of the agricultural complex does not provide legally determined promotion of agricultural enterprises, their competitiveness, food safety, improvement of the level of social protection for rural population mainly due to imperfect financial system. The issues that impede development for lending to agricultural enterprises and the development of agricultural insurance have been determined which make obstacles to improve their financial security and effective risk management in the agricultural sector in order to enhance the potential of their rapid development. It has been proved that the efficiency of financial and credit arrangement of ensuring the development of the agricultural sector depends on the effective financial policy of the industry and the state as a whole which can help to combine economic interests of agricultural enterprises and the state.

scholarly journals Trends in agricultural development and its state regulation

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (91) ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
O. S. Salamin
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Regulatory Policy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Market Relations

The problems of development and implementation of state regulatory policy in agriculture of Ukraine are considered. An attempt is being made to bring it closer to the principles applied in economic of developed countries. Such an approximation for all years of reforms was carried out without taking into account the initial stages of the formation of market relations in Ukraine. The release of levers of state regulatory influence without a prevailing market regulation mechanism only intensified the problems. In economically developed countries, market relations have been developing for a long time in an evolutionary way in conjunction with state regulation of the agrarian economy to solve problems that have arisen from time to time. The quantitative relations characteristic of economically mature systems cannot be extended to the domestic economic system. An indication of the blind spread of approaches to the state regulatory policy of Ukraine that characterize quantitative ratios in mature economic systems is the implementation of monetary policy. A prerequisite for monetary policy and appropriate macroeconomic analysis is the balance of the economy, in which the need for a certain amount of money is formed. Such an approach is acceptable for sustainable market systems, where certain trends and patterns are formed, but it cannot be applied for economies where market trends are only emerging. Therefore, the monetary policy in agriculture could not provide the expected results. Proposed commonly accepted in foreign publications factors that determine the need for state regulation of agriculture, taking into account the state of the domestic agricultural sector to complement such as the creation of identical starting conditions, activation of entrepreneurial activity. Without this, in Ukraine, high-growth entities of a holding type of a large size are formed at a high pace. They use the most advanced technical equipment, involve narrow-profile specialists, they form large commodity batches, which can enter the foreign markets without intermediaries. All agroholdings, however, deprive rural inhabitants of the opportunity to create farms, increase unemployment and social problems in villages. Objective competitive advantages of domestic agriculture, which are determined by fertile black earth, are used by a limited number of persons.

scholarly journals THEORETICAL APPROACHES REGARDING STATE ROLE IN THE ECONOMY IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALISATION: VIEWPOINTS FROM VIETNAM’S PERSPECTIVE

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4(44)) ◽  
pp. 7-19
Author(s):  
Thang Long Tran
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Market Failures ◽  
State Management ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Historical Periods

Despite its diversity, the market economy is inseparable from the role of the state. Differences between historical periods and between countries are in terms of the nature of the State, the extent and scope of the state’s intervention in the economy, and the consequences of such intervention in the market. At present, globalization asserts and demands the promotion of the role of the state and the need to adjust it to adapt to the effects of globalization. This article presents Vietnam’s point of view is that in a market economy, and particularly, in the context of globalisation, the role of the state will not be diminished, and state management and intervention are always necessary. For Vietnam, the theory which advocates state intervention in addressing market failures is a perfect suit. This will make Vietnamese economy be adaptive with requirements of market economy in the context of globalisation in one hand, but in the other hand, this will enable the state to react promptly to deal with market failures and other problems caused by the integration to the world economy.

FISH AND SEAFOOD MARKET REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleksii Piddubnyi ◽  
◽  
Olga Zhmuida ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Market Mechanism ◽  
Fishing Industry ◽  
Market Regulation ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Regulatory Bodies

The article examines the current state of state regulation of the fish and seafood market. Legislative regulation of conditions for compliance with the quality and safety of fish products is detailed. The tasks and powers of the state regulatory bodies of the fish and seafood market are described. An important component of the effective functioning of any market, including the fish and seafood market, is the state regulation of the market environment. In Ukraine, two forms of state market regulation are used: intervention and export-import. Unfortunately, in Ukraine, the existing legal framework for state intervention in the activities of certain industries is not a guarantee of sufficiently effective activities. Accordingly, there is a need to determine the effectiveness of the role of the state in the fishing industry. State regulation of the agricultural sector is the process of influencing its development by supplementing the incentives of the market mechanism in order to obtain sustainable results of profitable activities of economic entities and create a favorable economic environment to improve their competitive roles. In accordance with the article, the legislation on fisheries and fisheries regulation is based on the Constitution of Ukraine and consists of Law of Ukraine "On Environmental Protection", Land Code of Ukraine, Water Code of Ukraine, Merchant Shipping Code of Ukraine, these regulations. State regulation of the fish and seafood market should be aimed at developing and increasing the competitiveness of the fishing industry, for which it is necessary to promote credit cooperation and market infrastructure, organization of communal wholesale agricultural markets, increase the number of living fish bases.

scholarly journals Governmental interventionism degree in economy - a case study in OECD countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 290 ◽  
pp. 07012
Author(s):  
Arik Sadeh ◽  
Claudia Florina Radu ◽  
Cristina Feniser ◽  
Ken Brown
Keyword(s):  
State Intervention ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Role ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Before And After ◽  
High Level ◽  
Fiscal Pressure

In this study, we talk about the economic role of the state, and we analyze the degree of its intervention in the economy within the OECD countries, for the period 2000-2016. Thus, we seek to identify the countries characterized by an active intervention as well as a weaker level of state intervention. Then, we show the types of public spending that the state places more emphasis on. We analyze the distribution of state intervention (given by budget revenues) concerning to GDP, fiscal pressure, the period before and after the 2008 crises and certain types of expenditure. We can say that, generally, well-developed countries are characterized by a high level of state interventionism, while less developed ones by lower interventionism. The degree of interventionism level is smaller after the 2008 crises.

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLE OF YELLOW PAGES RULE IN KAZAKHSTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol Vol. 36 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Albina Yerkin ◽  
Jurgita Martinkiene
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Market ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
The State ◽  
Business Community ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Fair Competition ◽  
Yellow Pages

This article observes processes of implementation and measures taken to realization the principle of Yellow Pages Rule , the application of which will give a motion to the development of the business community in the country. The competitiveness of a country can be defined as the ability of the state in conditions of free fair competition to produce and sell goods and services that meet the requirements of the world market and increase the welfare of the country's population. The functions of the state in a market economy should, to one degree or another, be expressed in the following directions: social security, regulation of the rules of market processes and active participation in business as an investor. As the practice of developed countries shows, for really effective economic development, attention should be paid to a greater extent to solving the first two issues, which in turn is considered in the main 2 parts of this article. Authorities should encourage businesses to improve efficiency, stimulate early demand for advanced products, focus on creating specialized factors and stimulate local competition by limiting direct cooperation and enforcing antimonopoly laws. The development of competitive relations is a background for the effective impact of market mechanisms on ensuring sustainable economic growth in the country. Established state-owned enterprises in many respects have a privileged, monopoly position, and this seriously hinders the socio-economic development of the country. The analysis of the competitiveness of the economy, the strongest and weakest aspects of the development of the economy of Kazakhstan on a global scale over the past two years (2018-2019) is determined using the Global Competitiveness Index, which is also reflected in the form of a table in the article. Currently, there are tasks that require a solution, such as a weak legislative framework that regulates the responsibility of public managers and the effectiveness of financial resources management of development institutions and national companies. State legislation sets only general guidelines for the development of competition. State intervention in the sphere of economic activity of economic entities should be conditioned only by significant circumstances and the solution of the problems arising in this connection. However, the less direct participation of the state in competitive sectors of the economy, where there are no systemic obstacles to the operation of private business, the better for the country.

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