scholarly journals Tinjauan Kritis Neurosains Terhadap Konsep Qalb Menurut Al-Ghazali

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-87
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nasruddin ◽  
Abdul Muiz
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Body Part ◽  
The Body ◽  
Spiritual Intelligence ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Brain

The human body was created very special by God. inside there is a special body part in the form of the brain, and neuroscience is the science that discusses in full the brain from various scientific disciplines. In the study of Islam, qalb is the most important part in the good and bad quality of human faith which is studied in depth in Sufism to the purity of the soul. And Imam Al-Ghazali became one of the Sufi figures who explained in detail about the Qalb. That neuroscience views qalb in Islam as part of the human brain, on the functional basis between the brain and qalb both receive information, spiritual intelligence / qalbiah, spiritual, controlling / coordinating center of the body, and emotional. The brain and qalb, according to Al-Ghazali, both have similarities in the four elements namely controlling the body, knowledge, emotions, and spirituality. And the difference between the two, namely the two different dimensions between the scientific and divine dimensions, so the benchmarks of truth are very different.

Human body: new organs

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
N. Kolotilov
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Shock Absorber ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Lymphatic Drainage ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Brain

The use of medical imaging technologies, bioimaging, digitized archives of scientific and medical literature, the special mentality of researchers, going beyond the skills of professional education have led to the discovery of new organs of the human body. The aim of the review is to present in the first iteration the basic information about the new organs of the human body and the need for their identification for complete scientific and practical work. Anterolateral ligament of the knee is present in 97.56 % of people. It was first described in 1879, rediscovered in 2013. The juxta-oral organ was first described in 1885, and again in 2015-2020. Description of the lymphatic drainage system of the brain was published in 1787 and 1816, rediscovery and detailing already in the 21st century. It was proposed to identify the interstitium as a special organ that deposits and transports about 20 % of the interstitial fluid in the body. It is assumed that the interstitium can act as a shock absorber and keeps tissue from rupture. The vision of the mesentery as a whole continuous organ will make it possible to modify many operations, reduce their invasiveness, implement full-fledged rehabilitation after surgery, and improve the quality of life of patients.

Letter to the Editor: The Continuing Challenge of Evaluating RSD Impairment and Disability

1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 8-10
Author(s):  
Robert L. Knobler ◽  
Charles N. Brooks ◽  
Leon H. Ensalada ◽  
James B. Talmage ◽  
Christopher R. Brigham
Keyword(s):  
Disability Evaluation ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Major Cardiac Event ◽  
Clinical Scenarios ◽  
Impairment Score ◽  
Occupational Activities ◽  
The Difference

Abstract The author of the two-part article about evaluating reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) responds to criticisms that a percentage impairment score may not adequately reflect the disability of an individual with RSD. The author highlights the importance of recognizing the difference between impairment and disability in the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides): impairment is the loss, loss of use, or derangement of any body part, system, or function; disability is a decrease in or the loss or absence of the capacity to meet personal, social, or occupational demands or to meet statutory or regulatory requirements because of an impairment. The disparity between impairment and disability can be encountered in diverse clinical scenarios. For example, a person's ability to resume occupational activities following a major cardiac event depends on medical, social, and psychological factors, but nonmedical factors appear to present the greatest impediment and many persons do not resume work despite significant improvements in functional capacity. A key requirement according to the AMA Guides is objective documentation, and the author agrees that when physicians consider the disability evaluation of people, more issues than those relating to the percentage loss of function should be considered. More study of the relationships among impairment, disability, and quality of life in patients with RSD are required.

scholarly journals Mindfulness Research Update: 2008

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey M. Greeson
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Mindfulness Meditation ◽  
Stress Hormones ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mindfulness Practice ◽  
Optimal Health ◽  
The Brain

Objective: To briefly review the effects of mindfulness on the mind, the brain, the body, and behavior. Methods: Selective review of MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar databases (2003—2008) using the terms ``mindfulness,'' ``meditation,'' ``mental health,'' ``physical health,'' ``quality of life,'' and ``stress reduction.'' A total of 52 exemplars of empirical and theoretical work were selected for review. Results: Both basic and clinical research indicate that cultivating a more mindful way of being is associated with less emotional distress, more positive states of mind, and better quality of life. In addition, mindfulness practice can influence the brain, the autonomic nervous system, stress hormones, the immune system, and health behaviors, including eating, sleeping, and substance use, in salutary ways. Conclusion: The application of cutting-edge technology toward understanding mindfulness— an ``inner technology''—is elucidating new ways in which attention, awareness, acceptance, and compassion may promote optimal health—in mind, body, relationships, and spirit.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 infection and persistence throughout the human body and brain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Chertow ◽  
Sydney Stein ◽  
Sabrina Ramelli ◽  
Alison Grazioli ◽  
Joon-Yong Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Symptom Onset ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
The Body ◽  
Viral Clearance ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Cell Type Specificity ◽  
The Brain

Abstract COVID-19 is known to cause multi-organ dysfunction1-3 in acute infection, with prolonged symptoms experienced by some patients, termed Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC)4-5. However, the burden of infection outside the respiratory tract and time to viral clearance is not well characterized, particularly in the brain3,6-14. We performed complete autopsies on 44 patients with COVID-19 to map and quantify SARS-CoV-2 distribution, replication, and cell-type specificity across the human body, including brain, from acute infection through over seven months following symptom onset. We show that SARS-CoV-2 is widely distributed, even among patients who died with asymptomatic to mild COVID-19, and that virus replication is present in multiple extrapulmonary tissues early in infection. Further, we detected SARS-CoV-2 RNA in multiple anatomic sites, including regions throughout the brain, for up to 230 days following symptom onset. Despite extensive distribution of SARS-CoV-2 in the body, we observed a paucity of inflammation or direct viral cytopathology outside of the lungs. Our data prove that SARS-CoV-2 causes systemic infection and can persist in the body for months.

scholarly journals On The Verge of the Hybrid Mind

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-43
Author(s):  
Surjo Soekadar ◽  
Jennifer Chandler ◽  
Marcello Ienca ◽  
Christoph Bublitz
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
Cognitive Systems ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
Technological Artifacts ◽  
Mind And Body ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Brain

Recent advances in neurotechnology allow for an increasingly tight integration of the human brain and mind with artificial cognitive systems, blending persons with technologies and creating an assemblage that we call a hybrid mind. In some ways the mind has always been a hybrid, emerging from the interaction of biology, culture (including technological artifacts) and the natural environment. However, with the emergence of neurotechnologies enabling bidirectional flows of information between the brain and AI-enabled devices, integrated into mutually adaptive assemblages, we have arrived at a point where the specific examination of this new instantiation of the hybrid mind is essential. Among the critical questions raised by this development are the effects of these devices on the user’s perception of the self, and on the user’s experience of their own mental contents. Questions arise related to the boundaries of the mind and body and whether the hardware and software that are functionally integrated with the body and mind are to be viewed as parts of the person or separate artifacts subject to different legal treatment. Other questions relate to how to attribute responsibility for actions taken as a result of the operations of a hybrid mind, as well as how to settle questions of the privacy and security of information generated and retained within a hybrid mind.

The history and scope of neuropsychiatry

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
Michael Trimble
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Limbic System ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Romantic Era ◽  
The Brain

This chapter discusses the clinical necessity from which the intersection of neurology and psychiatry arose, exploring different eras and their associated intellectual milestones in order to understand the historical framework of contemporary neuropsychiatry. Identifying Hippocrates’ original acknowledgement of the relation of the human brain to epilepsy as a start point, the historical development of the field is traced. This encompasses Thomas Willis and his nascent descriptions of the limbic system, the philosophical and alchemical strides of the Enlightenment, and the motivations behind the Romantic era attempts to understand the brain. It then follows the growth of the field through the turn of the twentieth century, in spite of the prominence of psychoanalysis and the idea of the brainless mind, and finally the understanding of the ‘integrated action’ of the body and nervous system, which led to the integration of psychiatry and neurology, allowing for the first neuropsychiatric examinations of epilepsy.

Imaging and the Human Brain Project: A Review

2002 ◽  
Vol 41 (04) ◽  
pp. 245-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Rosse ◽  
J. F. Brinkley
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
Imaging Informatics ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Brain Project ◽  
The Us ◽  
Physical Organization ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Brain

Summary Objectives: Survey current work primarily funded by the US Human Brain Project (HBP) that involves substantial use of images. Organize this work around a framework based on the physical organization of the body. Methods: Pointers to individual research efforts were obtained through the HBP home page as well as personal contacts from HBP annual meetings. References from these sources were followed to find closely related work. The individual research efforts were then studied and characterized. Results: The subject of the review is the intersection of neuroinformatics (information about the brain), imaging informatics (information about images), and structural informatics (information about the physical structure of the body). Of the 30 funded projects currently listed on the HBP web site, at least 22 make heavy use of images. These projects are described in terms of broad categories of structural imaging, functional imaging, and image-based brain information systems. Conclusions: Understanding the most complex entity known (the brain) gives rise to many interesting and difficult problems in informatics and computer science. Although much progress has been made by HBP and other neuroinformatics researchers, a great many problems remain that will require substantial informatics research efforts. Thus, the HPB can and should be seen as an excellent driving application area for biomedical informatics research.

scholarly journals Quality of Life in Patients with Psoriasis Seen in the Department of Dermatology, Antananarivo, Madagascar

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Fandresena Arilala Sendrasoa ◽  
Naina Harinjara Razanakoto ◽  
Volatantely Ratovonjanahary ◽  
Onivola Raharolahy ◽  
Irina Mamisoa Ranaivo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
The Body ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Medical Decision ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

Background. Psoriasis is a chronic, inflammatory, and multifactorial dermatosis that impairs quality of life (QoL). Health-related QoL has become an important element in medical decision-making along with the effectiveness and the harmlessness of the treatments. Objective. To assess the impact of psoriasis in the QoL of patients with psoriasis by using the DLQI scales. Methods. A cross-sectional study from January to June 2018 was conducted in the Department of Dermatology of the University Hospital Joseph Raseta Befelatanana, Antananarivo, Madagascar, including patients more than 18 years old with mild to severe psoriasis. The severity of psoriasis was assessed using the “Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI)”. QoL of patients with psoriasis was evaluated by using the DLQI scales. Results. 80 patients were included, their mean age was 36.5 years, and the male to female was 1.5 : 1. The mean DLQI score was 13.8. Symptoms, feelings, and psychic were the most altered dimensions. QoL was impaired in young patients, single, having medium level education. Even though patients with disease duration more than 5 years had higher DLQI score than other patients, the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.36). Furthermore, the clinical presentation of psoriasis did not influence the patient’s QoL (p=0.73). Patients with nail involvement had QoL impaired but the difference with another localization was not statistically significant (p=0.2). The quality of life was influenced by body area involved. The higher the body surface area involved, the more QoL is impaired (p=0.002). Furthermore, the higher the PASI, the more QoL is altered (p=0.002). Conclusion. Psoriasis has a negative impact in the quality of life in Malagasy patients with psoriasis, especially in younger and single patients. Worse quality of life is correlated to severity of psoriasis.

Parametric Human Body Model for Digital Apparel Design

2013 ◽  
Vol 365-366 ◽  
pp. 121-124
Author(s):  
Shu Xia Wang ◽  
Sheng Feng Qin ◽  
Cong Ying Guan ◽  
Sui Huai Yu
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Body Part ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Model ◽  
Body Model ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Cloud Points ◽  
Body Scanner

With the advance in 3D body scanning technology, it opens opportunities for virtual try-on and automatic made-to-measure in apparel products domain. This paper proposed a novel feature-based parametric method of human body shape from the cloud points of 3D body scanner [T2. Firstly, we improved the skeleton construction through adding and adjusting the position of joints. Secondly, automatic extraction approach of semantic feature cross-sections is developed based on the hierarchy. According to the unique distribution of cloud points of each cross-section of each body part, the extraction method of key points on the cross-section is described. Thirdly, we presented an interpolation approach of key points which fit cardinal spline to cross-section for each body part, in which tension parameter is used to represent the simple deformation of body shape. Finally, a connection approach of body part is proposed by sharing a boundary curve. The proposed method has been tested with our virtual human model (VHM) system which is robust and easier to use. The process generally requires about five minutes for generating a full body model that represents the body shape captured by 3D body scanner. The model can be imported in a CAD environment for application to a wide variety of ergonomic analyses.

scholarly journals A human body as an energy source

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-65
Author(s):  
Yevgen Honcharov ◽  
Nataliya Kriukova ◽  
Vladislav Markov ◽  
Igor Polyakov
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Charge Carriers ◽  
The Brain

The article deals with the actual problems of using the energy released by the human body. The question arises how much energy can the human body generate? Is it possible to use this energy for domestic and industrial needs? In the 18th and 19th centuries, the first scientific works on this topic appeared. It turned out that the charge carriers in the proteins of a living organism are protons and electrons, which, together with the electron-hole conduction system, create a single conductivity inherent only in a living organism. The electrical activity of the brain is assessed by voltage pulses with an amplitude of 500 μV of various frequencies from 0.5 to 55 Hz. It is impossible to receive pulses with such a frequency and such an amplitude from only ionic-type charge carriers. Electrochemical current sources are inertial; therefore, this fact can be direct evidence of the presence of electronic movement of charge carriers in the brain and the nervous system as a whole. It is quite realistic to use the thermal energy of the human body. Currently, the central building of the Stockholm railway station has been turned into a kind of experimental testing ground. Every day about 250 thousand people pass through the station building, who emit up to 25 MW of thermal energy. Most of it in the form of heated air is collected in ventilation and through heat exchangers energy is transferred to heat water in the heating system of another building. According to rough estimates, the efficiency of such a system can save up to 25% of the energy spent on heating the building. Inside a person, electric currents of various frequencies are generated in 7 biological power plants: in the heart, in the brain and in the five sense organs. All the electricity that is generated inside the human body is absorbed by its own tissues. Not a single electron produced inside a living organism leaves the human body, and does not pass into the environment, but is absorbed by the skin. This is the reason for the closure of the human electrical system. The body itself absorbs all the electricity that it previously produced. The energy generated by the human body is divided into mechanical, thermal, and electrical. The thermal energy of the human body can be used most effectively. Mechanical energy can also be used, but with much less efficiency. The electrical energy of the human body at this stage in the development of science and technology is practically impossible to use. Its use is likely to become real in the very distant future

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