scholarly journals Neuritogenic Activities of Various Kappaphycus alvarezii Extracts in Hippocampal Neurons

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
Gabriel Tirtawijaya ◽  
Maria Dyah Nur Meinita ◽  
Md. Nazmul Haque ◽  
Il So Moon
Keyword(s):  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Kappaphycus Alvarezii ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Pregnant Rat ◽  
Young Thalli ◽  
Waste Extract ◽  
Neuritogenic Activity

The carrageenophyte Kappaphycus alvarezii seaweed is known to have neuritogenic activities. Post-harvest treatment of seaweed affects its biological activities. Five drying treatments of K. alvarezii, including oven-drying, sun-drying, freeze-drying, shade-drying, and salting followed by shade-drying, were evaluated for their effects on neuritogenic activities. We also evaluated the neuritogenic activity of different parts of K. alvarezii thalli and its carrageenan waste. Neuron cells of the 19th day pregnant rat fetuses were collected from the hippocampus by brain dissection. Neuron cells were isolated by dissociation of the hippocampal tissue. Cells were plated onto poly-DL-lysine-coated glass coverslips in 24-well plates and treated with extracts.  All tested extracts were obtained from maceration using 95% ethanol. Freeze and shade-drying extracts exhibited significantly higher neuritogenic activities (p 0.05) compared to that of the vehicle control. Carrageenan waste also significantly promoted the neuritogenic activities (p 0.05) with an optimal dose at 1 µg mL-1. Old and young thalli showed insignificant differences in neuritogenic activities. The carrageenan waste extract retained neuritogenic activities. Thus, the utilization of carrageenan waste for neuritogenic material provides added value to the waste in the carrageenan industry. Freeze and shade dried  K. alvarezii can be used as a neuritogenic agent to provide optimum biological activity.

scholarly journals Variations in Essential Oil Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Cryptomeria japonica (Thunb. ex L.f.) D. Don from Different Geographical Origins—A Critical Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 11097
Author(s):  
Ana Lima ◽  
Filipe Arruda ◽  
Jorge Medeiros ◽  
José Baptista ◽  
João Madruga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Cryptomeria Japonica ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Endogenous Factors ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Social Environmental

The scientific community is paying increasing attention to plant waste valorization, and also to “greener” practices in the agriculture, food and cosmetic sectors. In this context, unused forest biomass (e.g., leaves, seed cones, branches/twigs, bark and sapwood) of Cryptomeria japonica, a commercially important tree throughout Asia and the Azores Archipelago (Portugal), is currently waste/by-products of wood processing that can be converted into eco-friendly and high added-value products, such as essential oils (EOs), with social, environmental and economic impacts. Plant-derived EOs are complex mixtures of metabolites, mostly terpenes and terpenoids, with valuable bioactivities (e.g., antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, neuroprotective, antidepressant, antimicrobial, antiviral and pesticide), which can find applications in several industries, such as pharmaceutical, medical, aromatherapy, food, cosmetic, perfumery, household and agrochemical (e.g., biopesticides), with manifold approaches. The EOs components are also of value for taxonomic investigations. It is known that the variation in EOs chemical composition and, consequently, in their biological activities and commercial use, is due to different exogenous and endogenous factors that can lead to ecotypes or chemotypes in the same plant species. The present paper aims to provide an overview of the chemical composition, biological properties and proposals of valorization of C. japonica EO from several countries, and also to indicate gaps in the current knowledge.

scholarly journals POTENTIAL USES OF THE PEEL AND SEED OF PASSIFLORA EDULIS SIMS F. EDULIS (GULUPA) FROM ITS CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION, ANTIOXIDANT, AND ANTIHYPERTENSIVE FUNCTIONALITIES

2019 ◽  
pp. 104-112
Author(s):  
LAURA GONZÁLEZ ◽  
ANDREE ÁLVAREZ ◽  
ELIZABETH MURILLO ◽  
CARLOS GUERRA ◽  
JONH MÉNDEZ
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Passiflora Edulis ◽  
Agroindustrial Residues ◽  
Agroindustrial Waste

Objective: Assess the performance of a crude ethanolic extract, a dichloromethane fraction and a hydroalcoholic residue, which are the basis for chemically and biologically characterizing the husk and seed of Passiflora edulis f. edulis, collected in the region and Colombia with a view to determining potential uses. Methods: Agroindustrial residues of gulupa (peel and seed) were analyzed through a bromatological study; subsequently, they were macerated with ethanol (96%). The crude ethanolic extract was partitioned with dichloromethane, leaving a hydroalcoholic residue. The content of total phenols, the composition of phytophenols (high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry), the total antioxidant capacity using 3-ethyl benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS●+) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-pyridyl hydrazyl (DPPH●), the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and the ferric reduction power (FRAP) were determined to the extract, the fraction, and the residue. The evaluation of the inhibitory activity of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) and the cell viability assay with diphenyl bromide 3- (4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-) il) -2,5-tetrazolium on human leukocytes complemented the characterization. Results: Agroindustrial waste of P. edulis f. edulis, peel and seed, contains as main constituents: Protein (8.49 and 7.29%), fiber (34.2 and 55.7%), phosphorus (1.67 and 3.09), and boron (53.3 and 58.4 mg/kg), respectively. The seed showed 25.5% oil. The crude seed extract exhibited a higher phenolic content (15.34 gEAG/100 g). Likewise, it presented the highest antiradical capacity against ABTS●+ and DPPH● (706.17 and 82.81 trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity [TEAC], respectively) and antioxidant in ORAC and FRAP (142.79 TEAC and 103.63 equivalent ascorbic acid EAA, respectively). The ACEI activity (50% inhibitory concentration 17.62 mg/L) of the crude seed extract was higher than the other samples. No toxicity was found in the samples evaluated at concentrations higher than those of the biological activities manifested. Conclusion: The agroindustrial residues of P. edulis f. edulis (peel and seed) are rich in nutrients, which propose them for use in food matrices. The ethanolic extract from seed showed the highest antioxidant, antiradical, and inhibitory biological activity of the ACEI so that it could be proposed the gulupa seed as a promising phytotherapeutic product associated with its phenolic content, especially its flavonoids. The results obtained allow an added value to the fruit, reducing the chances that its waste contributes to environmental pollution.

scholarly journals Exploitation of Agro-Industrial Waste as Potential Source of Bioactive Compounds for Aquaculture

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 843
Author(s):  
Nayely Leyva-López ◽  
Cynthia E. Lizárraga-Velázquez ◽  
Crisantema Hernández ◽  
Erika Y. Sánchez-Gutiérrez
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Bodies Of Water

The agroindustry generates a large amount of waste. In postharvest, food losses can reach up to 50%. This waste represents a source of contamination of soil, air, and bodies of water. This represents a problem for the environment as well as for public health. However, this waste is an important source of bioactive compounds, such as phenolic compounds, terpenes, and β-glucans, among others. Several biological activities have been attributed to these compounds; for example, antioxidant, antimicrobial, gut microbiota, and immune system modulators. These properties have been associated with improvements in health. Recently, the approach of using these bioactive compounds as food additives for aquaculture have been addressed, where it is sought that organisms, in addition to growing, preserve their health and become disease resistant. The exploitation of agro-industrial waste as a source of bioactive compounds for aquaculture has a triple objective—to provide added value to production chains, reduce pollution, and improve the well-being of organisms through nutrition. However, to make use of the waste, it is necessary to revalue them, mainly by determining their biological effects in aquaculture organisms. The composition of bioactive compounds of agro-industrial wastes, their biological properties, and their application in aquaculture will be addressed here.

scholarly journals Protective Effects of Tropical Fruit Processing Coproducts on Probiotic Lactobacillus Strains during Freeze-Drying and Storage

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroliny Mesquita Araújo ◽  
Karoliny Brito Sampaio ◽  
Francisca Nayara Dantas Duarte Menezes ◽  
Erika Tayse da Cruz Almeida ◽  
Marcos dos Santos Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Fruit Processing ◽  
And Storage

This study evaluated the protective effects of coproducts from agroindustrial processing of the tropical fruits acerola (Malpighia glabra L., ACE), cashew (Anacardium occidentale L., CAS), and guava (Psidium guayaba L., GUA) on the probiotics Lactobacillus paracasei L-10, Lactobacillus casei L-26, and Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-05 during freeze-drying and storage. The occurrence of damage to membrane integrity, membrane potential, and efflux activity of Lactobacillus cells after freeze-drying was evaluated by flow cytometry, and viable counts were measured immediately after freeze-drying and during 90 days of storage under refrigerated or room temperature conditions. Probiotic strains freeze-dried without substrate had the overall highest count reductions (0.5 ± 0.1 to 2.9 ± 0.3 log cycles) after freeze-drying. Probiotics freeze-dried with fruit processing coproducts had small cell subpopulations with damaged efflux activity and membrane potential. Average counts of probiotics freeze-dried with ACE, CAS, or GUA after 90 days of storage under refrigerated or room temperature were in the range of 4.2 ± 0.1 to 5.3 ± 0.2 and 2.6 ± 0.3 to 4.9 ± 0.2 log CFU/g, respectively, which were higher than those observed for strains freeze-dried without substrate. The greatest protective effects on freeze-dried probiotics were overall presented by ACE. These results revealed that ACE, CAS, and GUA can exert protective effects and increase the stability of probiotic lactobacilli during freeze-drying and storage, in addition to supporting a possible added-value destination for these agroindustrial coproducts as vehicles for probiotics and for the development of novel functional foods.

scholarly journals Novel Insights into the Biotechnological Production of Haematococcus pluvialis-Derived Astaxanthin: Advances and Key Challenges to Allow Its Industrial Use as Novel Food Ingredient

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Jannel ◽  
Yanis Caro ◽  
Marc Bermudes ◽  
Thomas Petit
Keyword(s):  
Haematococcus Pluvialis ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Biotechnological Production ◽  
Food Ingredient ◽  
Industrial Sustainability ◽  
Natural Forms ◽  
Biotechnological Processes

Astaxanthin shows many biological activities. It has acquired a high economic potential and its current market is dominated by its synthetic form. However, due to the increase of the health and environmental concerns from consumers, natural forms are now preferred for human consumption. Haematococcus pluvialis is artificially cultured at an industrial scale to produce astaxanthin used as a dietary supplement. However, due to the high cost of its cultivation and its relatively low biomass and pigment productivities, the astaxanthin extracted from this microalga remains expensive and this has probably the consequence of slowing down its economic development in the lower added-value market such as food ingredient. In this review, we first aim to provide an overview of the chemical and biochemical properties of astaxanthin, as well as of its natural sources. We discuss its bioavailability, metabolism, and biological activities. We present a state-of-the-art of the biology and physiology of H. pluvialis, and highlight novel insights into the biotechnological processes which allow optimizing the biomass and astaxanthin productivities. We are trying to identify some lines of research that would improve the industrial sustainability and economic viability of this bio-production and to broaden the commercial potential of astaxanthin produced from H. pluvialis.

Microwave-Ultrasonic Synergistic Extraction of Crude Se-Polysaccharides from Se-Enriched Tea

2017 ◽  
Vol 737 ◽  
pp. 360-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Wang ◽  
Wen Li ◽  
Tong Xiang Li
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Condition ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Synergistic Extraction ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Biological Macromolecules ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Efficient Technology ◽  
Tea Production ◽  
First Time

Se-polysaccharides are organic Se-conjugated biological macromolecules with stronger biological activities than Se-free polysaccharides. Se-polysaccharides, as a kind of biological materials, can be extracted from Se-enriched tea and can increase the added value of tea production. Microwave–ultrasonic synergistic extraction exhibits the advantages of microwave and ultrasonic extraction and thus provides an economic and effective path for utilization of Se-polysaccharides. In this study, Se-polysaccharides were extracted from Se-enriched tea by microwave–ultrasonic synergistic method for the first time. The optimal condition was determined through single-factor experiment and L9(43) orthogonal experiment. Results showed that the optimal condition comprised the following: ratio of solvent to material of 20:1, microwave power of 250 W, extraction temperature of 60 °C, and extraction time of 210 s; under this condition, the extraction rate of Se-polysaccharides reached the maximum value of 4.56%. This study shows that microwave–ultrasonic synergistic extraction is an efficient technology for extracting Se- polysaccharides from Se-enriched tea.

scholarly journals Fluorescence Properties of the Air- and Freeze-Drying Treatment on Size-Fractioned Sediment Organic Matter

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 8220
Author(s):  
Cheng-Wen Chuang ◽  
Wei-Shiang Huang ◽  
Yung-Yu Liu ◽  
Chi-Ying Hsieh ◽  
Ting-Chien Chen
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Sediment Organic Matter ◽  
Bulk Solution ◽  
Similar Distribution ◽  
Organic Mixture ◽  
Freeze Dried

Sediment humic substance (SHS) is a highly heterogeneous and complex organic mixture with a broad molecular weight range. It is the significant component that associates distribution, transport, and biotoxicity of pollutants in a river environment. Air- and freeze-drying sediment pre-treatment may cause different biological activity and may result in different chemical quantities and sediment organic matter. This study collected sediments that received livestock wastewater discharge. The sediments were air- (AD) and freeze-dried (FD). The dried sediment organic matter was extracted with an alkaline solution and separated into three size-fractioned SHS samples. Size-fractioning is an effective method used to differentiate materials, on a molecular level. The bulk solution (<0.45 μm) was designated as BHS, and size-fractioned solutions were identified as LHS (<1 kDa), MHS (1–10 kDa), and HHS (10 kDa-0.45 μm). The AD SHS had a lower dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration than the FD SHS for the bulk and individual size-fractioned SHS, but the AD and FD SHS had a similar distribution of organic carbon in the size-fractioned SHS. The AD SHS had higher aromaticity (SUVA254) and an extent of humification (HIX) than the FD SHS. In addition, the high molecular weight SHS (HHS) had a higher SUVA254 but lower HIX than the MHS and LHS. The HHS had significantly lower fulvic acid but had higher humic acid-like substances than the MHS and LHS. This is possibly the reason the LHS had a higher humification degree but lower aromaticity than HHS. The size-fractioned SHS and optical indicators distinguished the difference between the chemical properties when air- or freeze-dried, due to the different degree of biological activities.

scholarly journals Rumput Laut (Kappaphycus Alvarezii) sebagai Komoditas Unggulan dalam Meningkatkan Nilai Tambah Bagi Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur [Seaweed (Kappaphycus Alvarezii) as Potential Commodity in Added Value Development for The Prosperity of Sumba Timur Regency Communities, Nusa Tenggara Timur Province]

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Marcelien Djublina Ratoe Oedjoe ◽  
Felix Rebhung ◽  
Sunadji Sunadji
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Focus Group Discussion ◽  
Kappaphycus Alvarezii ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Break Even Point ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Seaweed Culture

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui distribusi nilai tambah di antara tiga stakeholder utama pada usaha budidaya rumput laut di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT), yaitu pembudidaya, pedagang dan industri rumput laut telah dilakukan. Data kualitatif dan kuantitatif diperoleh lewat survei, observasi langsung, wawancara dan diskusi kelompok (Focus Group Discussion, FGD). Sampel/unit usaha budidaya rumput laut diambil secara representative dan purposive. Data yang dikumpulkan dianalisis secara deskriptif disertai perhitungan Pay Back Period (PBP), Break Even Point (BEP) dan Benefit Cost ratio (B/C). Hasil menunjukkan nilai PBP = 0,72 yang berarti unit usaha dapat mengembalikan modal dalam 8 bulan. Nilai BEP per unit usaha budidaya rumput laut sebesar Rp. 3.435,77 dan BEP produksi sebesar 2.007,50 kg. Nilai B/C ratio 1.09 menunjukkan bahwa usaha rumput laut di lokasi study layak dilaksanakan. Nilai tambah pada pembudidaya sebesar Rp 3.575/kg, pedagang sebesar Rp 2.175/kg dan industri rumput laut sebesar Rp 41.000/kg. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan kesimpulan bahwa pada tingkat kelayakan usaha budidaya rumput laut di NTT dewasa ini, nilai tambah tertinggi dinikmati oleh industri pengolahan rumput laut, diikuti pembudidaya dan pedagang.AbstractThis study aims to determine the distribution of value added among the three main stakeholders in seaweed farming in the Province of East Nusa Tenggara (NTT), namely the farmers, traders and seaweed industries. The study applied a qualitative and quantitative method through a survey, direct observation, and interviews. Data were representatively and purposively collected. The study used descriptive analysis, focus group discussion, and simple mathematics. Results showed that payback period was 0.72 meaning that the investment could be returned in 8 months; break-even point (BEP) per seaweed culture business unit was IDR. 3,435.77; the break-even point of production was 2,007.50 kg; benefit-cost (B/C) was 1.09 meaning that the seaweed culture was feasible to do. There were 3 successive seaweed marketing channels such as producer, collector, merchant, manufacturer, consumer, or direct delivery from producers to consumers, producer to collecting merchant, big merchant to the consumer. The added value was IDR. 3,575/kg for the seaweed farmer, IDR. 2,175/kg for big merchant, and IDR. 41,000/kg for seaweed industry.

The ethanol extract of the rhodophyte Kappaphycus alvarezii promotes neurite outgrowth in hippocampal neurons

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 2515-2522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Tirtawijaya ◽  
Md. Mohibbullah ◽  
Maria Dyah Nur Meinita ◽  
Il Soo Moon ◽  
Yong-Ki Hong
Keyword(s):  
Neurite Outgrowth ◽  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Kappaphycus Alvarezii ◽  
Ethanol Extract

scholarly journals Neurotrophic Activity of the CarrageenophyteKappaphycus alvareziiCultivated at Different Depths and for Different Growth Periods in Various Areas of Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Tirtawijaya ◽  
Maria Dyah Nur Meinita ◽  
Bintang Marhaeni ◽  
Md. Nazmul Haque ◽  
Il Soo Moon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Kappaphycus Alvarezii ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Eucheuma Denticulatum ◽  
Neurotrophic Activity ◽  
Primary Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Different Depths

The carrageenophyteKappaphycus alvarezii(Rhodophyta) has neurotrophic activity in primary hippocampal neurons. This seaweed is abundant and easily cultivated in tropical coastal areas. To determine the best growth conditions for neurotrophic activity, thalli were grown at different depths and for different periods in various areas of Indonesia. Neurotrophic activity was measured based on the number of primary neurites, the total length of the primary neurites, and the length of the longest neurite.K.alvareziihad higher neurotrophic activity than carrageenophytesK.striatumandEucheuma denticulatumcultured under the same conditions.K.alvareziigrown at the surface for 45 days had higher (1.4- to 1.8-fold) neurotrophic activity than thalli grown at depth (2 m) or harvested sooner (15 days) (P< 0.05). Relatively high activities were detected in thalli cultured at Ternate and Garut, Indonesia. Therefore, from a commercial perspective, the culture conditions at the surface for 45 days were optimal for the production of both neurotrophic compounds and carrageenan.K.alvareziiproduced neurotrophic compounds under various environmental conditions, although some conditions were optimal.

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