scholarly journals Mechanisms of Development and Variants of Therapeutic Management of Steroid Resistance in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 370-375
Author(s):  
Nikolay N. Murashkin ◽  
Roman V. Epishev ◽  
Alexander I. Materikin ◽  
Eduard T. Ambarchyan ◽  
Leonid A. Opryatin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Steroid Resistance ◽  
Sebaceous Glands ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Viral Communities ◽  
Mechanisms Of Development

Skin is the natural habitat for complex bacterial, fungal, and viral communities (ecosystems). The microbiome of such communities is always in close relationship with the host genome, and the development of these ecosystems happens under the effects of morpho-physiological and immunological characteristics of the skin (sebaceous glands concentration, humidity, and temperature) and environmental factors. Metagenomic studies have shown significant diversity in skin ecosystems. Moreover, the role of commensal microorganisms in skin immune response modulating to various agents and, thus, its correlation with skin diseases pathogenesis is no longer in doubt. New probiotic and antimicrobial agents for external treatment have been developed according to these knowledges.

scholarly journals ROLE OF MACROPHAGES IN IMMUNOPATHOGENESIS OF PSORIASIS AND OBESITY

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 122-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya. Yemchenko
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Genetic Factor ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Multifactorial Diseases ◽  
Psoriatic Disease ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Unified View

Psoriasis is one of the most common chronic recurrent multifactorial diseases of the skin with a predominance of genetic factor. The disease is characterized by hyperproliferation of epidermal cells, impairment in the keratinisation process against inflammatory reactions in the dermis, and by lesions on the nails, joints and scalp. According to the results of clinical and epidemiological research, about 3-4% of the population of our planet has psoriasis, regardless of gender, age and ethnic group, while the share of this pathology in the overall structure of skin diseases reaches from 1% - to 40% [4, 5], according to various data. However, despite the widespread of psoriasis and the large number of works on this problem, there is still no unified view on the pathogenesis of this dermatosis. To clear up the pathogenesis of psoriasis, it is necessary to take into account the insufficiently studied comorbidities typically associated with this pathology. Recently, there has been a tendency towards the growth of psoriatic disease and obesity in the pathogenesis of which a significant role is assigned to systemic inflammation and macrophages. According to the results of this research, it has been found out that obesity and psoriasis has a common link of the pathogenesis, systemic inflammation, which manifests itself in the increased number of macrophages producing a large number of proinflammatory cytokines. Thus, obesity and inflammation causes a vicious circle of cause-and-effect relationships. Obesity provokes inflammation, and inflammation, in turn, increases obesity and prevents weight loss. The close relationship between psoriasis and obesity is extremely important in selecting patient-centred therapy. Therefore, the goal of further research is to carry out detailed study of the psoriatic comorbidities that will contribute into revealing new targets for the treatment of this dermatosis.

scholarly journals Skin Microbiota in Atopic Dermatitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 374-382
Author(s):  
Jessica Herlianez Saiful ◽  
Satya Wydya Yenny
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
First Line ◽  
Skin Microbiota ◽  
Immune Mediators

In human body, the skin is the largest organ that has the function of mediating contact with the outside world and providing our body first line of defense against all kinds of pathogens, poisons and dangerous environments. The role of skin which are physical and immunological, supported by the microbial community that inhabits the skin. Skin microbiota contributes to barrier function by competing with pathogens and dealing with immune cells in the skin, to modulate local and systemic immune responses. Skin microbiota and immune mediators, for example complement system, have two-way interactions, and this shows that commensal microbes must be considered an important part of healthy skin. Many evidence shows that the composition of microbiota, especially in the intestines and also on the skin, can have a major influence on an individual's health. The influence of gut microbiota and its influence on the immune response has been widely studied, but the link of skin microbiota, immune response and certain skin diseases has not been widely discussed in the literature. Skin microbiota is expected to be affected in certain dermatological conditions, such as in psoriasis and in atopic dermatitis, which further shows the importance of the skin microbial community for human health. Understanding of skin microbiota role in pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis is still needed.

scholarly journals Is periodontal disease a risk factor for developing severe Covid-19 infection? The potential role of Galectin-3

2020 ◽  
Vol 245 (16) ◽  
pp. 1425-1427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cankat Kara ◽  
Kübra Çelen ◽  
Figen Öngöz Dede ◽  
Ceren Gökmenoğlu ◽  
Nihal Beldüz Kara
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Viral Attachment ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Galectin 3 ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

Impact statement There could be a close relationship between periodontal diseases (PDs) severity and Covid-19 infections. This relationship could be caused by Galectin-3-mediated increased immune response and increased viral attachment. Keeping PDs under control and maintaining rigorous oral hygiene during this troubled Covid-19 pandemic period is very important. Patients with older age and pre-existing conditions like cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity are in the higher risk group for developing severe Covid-19 infections. The inflammatory pathways that are involved in these conditions are the same pathways that we see in periodontal diseases (PDs). This raises a significant question: Is PD a pre-existing condition that can increase the risk of developing severe Covid-19 infection? Several studies have shown that Galectins play a key role in the homeostasis of immune cells, and recently, a relationship was found between Covid-19 and Galectin-3 (Gal-3).It has been determined that an important area in the spike protein of Coronavirus-19 is almost exactly the same as the morphology of Gal-3, and these spike proteins are critical for the entry of the virus into host cells. We suspect that there is enough evidence to support a close relationship between PDs severity and Covid-19 infections. There is accumulating evidence to suggest a relationship between the severity of PD and the risk of infection with Covid-19, which requires further investigation. This relationship could be caused by Gal-3-mediated increased immune response and increased viral attachment. In this context, we want to emphasize the importance of keeping PD under control by maintaining rigorous oral hygiene during this troubled Covid-19 pandemic period. We would also like to point out the possibility that having PD may be a pre-disposition toward developing a severe Covid-19 infection.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota and the Alteration of Immune Balance in Skin Diseases: From Nutraceuticals to Fecal Transplantation

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (18) ◽  
pp. 3034-3038
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Vojvodic ◽  
Zorica Peric-Hajzler ◽  
Dusica Matovic ◽  
Petar Vojvodic ◽  
Tatjana Vlaskovic-Jovicevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Fecal Transplantation ◽  
Signalling Molecules ◽  
Immune Balance ◽  
Advanced Knowledge ◽  
Interdisciplinary Concept

T The P.N.E.I. (Psycho-Neuro-Endocrine-Immunology) approach is represented by the interdisciplinary concept of bidirectional cross-talk between the psycho-neuro-endocrine and immune systems, which can influence the immune response. The well-known Gut-Brain Axis and the Gut-Skin Axis can be merged in a bigger network- the Gut-Brain-Skin Axis, with complex regulation by cytokines, neuro-peptides, neuro-hormones and another messenger (signalling) molecules and maybe the most important modulator of the Gut-Brain-Skin Axis/ the gut microbiota. The role of gut bacterial homeostasis is very important, and the homeostatic imbalance of the immune response may be a relevant etiologic/pathophysiologic factor for extra-intestinal and intestinal inflammatory, allergic and autoimmune diseases. The Low Dose Cytokines Medicine (LDM) is an innovative therapeutic approach. It is based on the most advanced knowledge in molecular biology and low dose pharmacology with the primary outcome. The SKA (Sequential Kinetic Activation) technology, codified and standardised by GUNA S.p.a. -Italy- makes the low doses of signalling molecules able to be active even below the minimum dose classically considered as effective and the significative efficacy of orally administered low-dose signalling molecules is the most representative aspect of LDM. The Physiologic Nutraceuticals and the Low Dose Medicine are two of the most promising approaches for the treatment of skin diseases based on the rebalance of the immune response and the recovery of gut dysbiosis.  

scholarly journals Assessment of efficacy and safety of dapsone gel 5% in the treatment of acne vulgaris

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-162
Author(s):  
Yasir Mansour Al-Ani
Keyword(s):  
Propionibacterium Acnes ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Matrix Remodeling ◽  
Sebaceous Glands ◽  
Social Ostracism ◽  
Recent Laboratory

ABSTRACTBackground : Acne vulgaris is acommon skin disease, affecting more than 85% ofadolescents and often continuing into adulthood.People between 11 and 30 years of age and up to5% of older adults. For most patients acne remainsa nuisance with occasional flares of unsightlycomedones, pustules and nodules. For other lessfortunate persons, the sever inflammatory responseto Propionibacterium acnes (P.acnes) results inpermanentMethods: Disfiguring scars. (1, 2) Stigmata of severacne cane lead to social ostracism, withdrawalfrom society and severe psychologicdepression (1-4).Result Pathogenesis of acne Traditionally, acnehas been thought of as a multifactorial disease ofthe folliculosebaceous unit, involving excesssebum production, abnormal follicularhyperkeratinization, overgrowth ofPropionibacterium acnes, and inflammation (Fig2). Recent laboratory and clinical investigationsinto the roles of the innate immune system andextracellular matrix remodeling proteins have shedadditional light on this pathogenetic process (5-7).Role of androgens: Activity of type 1 5areductaseenzyme was shown to predominate inhuman sebaceous glands and epidermis. Thisenzyme is responsible for the conversion oftestosterone to the more potent androgen,dihydrotestosterone (DHT). DHT in turn is thoughtto mediate androgen dependent skin diseases suchas acne, hirsutism and androgenetic alopecia (13)The enzyme 5a-reductase type 1 has been studiedin those with and without acne and it has beenhypothesized that those with acne might have moreactive 5a-reductase type 1 .(2)Conclusion : The prominent role of hormones inthe pathophysiology of acne has long beenrecognized and corroborated by clinical andexperimental observations and therapeuticexperience (14). Although acne is not considered aprimary endocrine disorder, androgens, such asdihydrotestosterone, dehydroepiandrosteronesulfate, and testosterone, and growth hormone andinsulin-like growth factors, have all beenimplicated in the pathogenesis of acne (15).Corresponding address to :Dr. Yasir Mansour Mohamed Al-AniIslam Mohammad Nabil El Helou

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Disease and SARS-CoV-2: the Role of Host Immune Response Versus Direct Viral Injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 8141
Author(s):  
Federico Biscetti ◽  
Maria Margherita Rando ◽  
Elisabetta Nardella ◽  
Andrea Leonardo Cecchini ◽  
Piergiorgio Bruno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Cardiac Injury ◽  
Myocardial Damage ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Response Versus ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The 2019 novel coronavirus [2019-nCoV], which started to spread from December 2019 onwards, caused a global pandemic. Besides being responsible for the severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 [SARS-CoV-2], the virus can affect other organs causing various symptoms. A close relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and the cardiovascular system has been shown, demonstrating an epidemiological linkage between SARS-CoV-2 and cardiac injury. There are emerging data regarding possible direct myocardial damage by 2019-nCoV. In this review, the most important available evidences will be discussed to clarify the precise mechanisms of cardiovascular injury in SARS-CoV-2 patients, even if further researches are needed.

Vitamin A: dietologist’s position

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
S. V. Orlova ◽  
E. A. Nikitina ◽  
L. I. Karushina ◽  
Yu. A. Pigaryova ◽  
O. E. Pronina
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Therapeutic Practice ◽  
The Past ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Mucous Membranes

Vitamin A (retinol) is one of the key elements for regulating the immune response and controls the division and differentiation of epithelial cells of the mucous membranes of the bronchopulmonary system, gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, eyes, etc. Its significance in the context of the COVID‑19 pandemic is difficult to overestimate. However, a number of studies conducted in the past have associated the additional intake of vitamin A with an increased risk of developing cancer, as a result of which vitamin A was practically excluded from therapeutic practice in developed countries. Our review highlights the role of vitamin A in maintaining human health and the latest data on its effect on the development mechanisms of somatic pathology.

Practical consensus recommendations - Current role of immune response evaluation criteria in solid tumors criteria in the management of cancer patients receiving immunotherapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 21-23
Author(s):  
Purvish M. Parikh ◽  
T. P. Sahoo ◽  
Randeep Singh ◽  
Bahl Ankur ◽  
Talvar Vineet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Solid Tumors ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Response Evaluation ◽  
Consensus Recommendation ◽  
Current Role ◽  
New Class ◽  
Response Evaluation Criteria

Response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST) are a method used to evaluate and document the response to cancer treatment in solid tumors. The availability of a new class of immuneoncology drugs has resulted in the need to modify RECIST criteria methodology. The first leadership immuno-oncology network (LION) master course brought together experts in oncology and immuno-oncology. Six questions were put to the experts and their opinion, supporting evidence, and experience were discussed to arrive at a practical consensus recommendation. n this nascent field, the availability of a practical consensus recommendation developed by experts in the field is of immense value to the community oncologist and other health-care consultants.

Psychological features of nursing in case of skin diseases in the department tumours of external localizations

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Lilia Shagvaleeva
Keyword(s):  
Patient Experience ◽  
Successful Treatment ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Nursing Process ◽  
Oncological Patient ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Psychological Features

The article discloses the role of the medical sister of the oncological department in the creation of a positive psychological microclimate, which is the key to the successful treatment and rehabilitation of the oncological patient. Experience of organization of nursing process in the department of tumors of external localizations is presented.

Etiology, clinical presentation, laboratory diagnostics, pathogenesis of impetigo and treatment methods

2020 ◽  
pp. 64-70
Author(s):  
Anastasiya Laknitskaya
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Group A Streptococcus ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Individual

Currently, one of the priority medical and social problems is the optimization of treatment methods for pyoderma associated with Streptococcus pyogenes — group A streptococcus (GAS). To date, the proportion of pyoderma, the etiological factor of which is Streptococcus pyogenes, is about 6 % of all skin diseases and is in the range from 17.9 to 43.9 % of all dermatoses. Role of the bacterial factor in the development of streptococcal pyoderma is obvious. Traditional treatment complex includes antibacterial drugs selected individually, taking into account the antibiotic sensitivity of pathognomonic bacteria, and it is not always effective. Currently implemented immunocorrection methods often do not take into account specific immunological features of the disease, the individual, and the fact that the skin performs the function of not only a mechanical barrier, but it is also an immunocompetent organ. Such an approach makes it necessary to conduct additional studies clarifying the role of factors of innate and adaptive immunity, intercellular mediators and antioxidant defense system, that allow to optimize the treatment of this pathology.

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