scholarly journals Domain studies with imperfect frame in large population

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 620-626
Author(s):  
Neelam Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distribution Function ◽  
Unbiased Estimate ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Qualitative Change ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Survey Sampling ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Statistical Results

Existence of the frame is pre-requisite for any sample survey or census of a large population. Frames are quite often imperfect due to dynamic nature of sampling units. Frames become incomplete by the time actual survey and enumeration starts which affects the statistical results desired for the target population. In present study imperfection in the frame of large population arising due to qualitative change of units from one class to other have been considered. We have considered incomplete frame assuming the nature of units following dynamic change from class one to other follow a probability distribution function. Suitable estimator for proportion of units belonging to a particular domain and unbiased estimate of target population for a class have been proposed along with its estimate of variance. The estimates are evolved so as to eliminate error caused due to deviation of sampled population from target population. The paper deals with interesting problem arising in survey sampling and is useful in practice.

scholarly journals Frame error in sample survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 318-322
Author(s):  
Neelam Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Error ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Dynamic Nature

Quite often sampling frames are incomplete and imperfect. The sampling results based on imperfect frame will lead to sampling and non-sampling error along with third error called frame error which is rarely discussed. This occurs because estimate based on sampling population will not conform to the target population because of imperfection of frame and dynamic nature of frame. It is emphasized that that attention should be drawn to the frame error.

scholarly journals National sample survey organization survey report: An estimation of prevalence of mental illness and its association with age in India

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
pp. 051-054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram Lakhan ◽  
Olúgbémiga T. Ekúndayò
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Large Population ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
National Sample Survey ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
National Sample Survey Organization

ABSTRACT Background: The Indian population suffers with significant burden of mental illness. The prevalence rate and its association with age and other demographic indicators are needed for planning purpose. Objective: This study attempted to calculate age-wise prevalence of mental illness for rural and urban settings, and its association with age. Materials and Methods: Data published in National Sample Survey Organization (2002) report on disability is used for the analysis. Spearman correlation for strength of association, z-test for difference in prevalence, and regression statistics for predicting the prevalence rate of mental illness are used. Result: Overall population have 14.9/1000 prevalence of mental illness. It is higher in rural setting 17.1/1000 than urban 12.7/1000 (P < 0.001). There is a strong correlation found with age in rural (ϱ = 0.910, P = 0.001) and urban (ϱ = 0.940, P = 0.001). Conclusion: Results of this study confirm other epidemiological research in India. Large-population epidemiological studies are recommended.

scholarly journals Email Vs. Instagram Recruitment Strategies For Online Survey Research

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-77
Author(s):  
Rafael R. Moraes ◽  
Marcos B. Correa ◽  
Ândrea Daneris ◽  
Ana B. Queiroz ◽  
João P. Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survey Research ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Recruitment Strategies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Conversion Rates ◽  
Methodological Aspects ◽  
E Mail

Abstract In this study, we describe a method for reaching a target population (i.e., dentists practicing in Brazil) to engage in survey research using traditional e-mail invites and recruitment campaigns created on Instagram. This study addresses methodological aspects and compares respondents reached by different methods. A pre-tested questionnaire was used and participants were recruited for 10 days via a source list of email addresses and two discrete Instagram organic open campaigns. A total of 3,122 responses were collected: 509 participants were recruited by email (2.1% response rate) and 2,613 by the two Instagram campaigns (20.7% and 11.7% conversion rates), respectively. Response/min collection rates in the first 24 h ranged between 0.23 (email) and 1.09 (first campaign). In total, 98.8% of all responses were received in the first 48 h for the different recruitment strategies. There were significant differences for all demographic variables (p< 0.001) between email and Instagram respondents, except for sex (p=0.37). Instagram respondents were slightly older, had more professional experience (years in practice), and a higher graduate education level than email respondents. Moreover, most email and Instagram respondents worked in the public sector and private practice, respectively. Although both strategies could collect responses from all Brazilian regions, email responses were slightly better distributed across the five territorial areas compared to Instagram. This study provides evidence that survey recruitment of a diverse, large population sample using Instagram is feasible. However, combination of email and Instagram recruitment led to a more diverse population and improved response rates.

scholarly journals Características epidemiológicas da população brasileira e implicações à condução de pesquisas clínicas / Epidemiological characteristics of the Brazilian population and implications for the conduction of clinical research

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Marina De Carvalho Souza Ferreira ◽  
Luis Lopez Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Brazilian Population ◽  
Diverse Groups ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Burden Of Diseases

Objetivo: A Pesquisa Clínica (PC) é um meio fundamental para a redução da carga de doenças mundialmente, proporcionando o desenvolvimento de terapias inovadoras, seguras e eficazes. Para tanto, necessita-se considerar que os participantes nela incluídos sejam representativos da população alvo do produto estudado, garantindo a confiabilidade e a capacidade de generalização dos resultados obtidos. Logo, a inclusão de grupos diversificados resulta, futuramente, em uma maior qualidade na prestação de assistência à saúde. Com isso, buscou-se caracterizar a população brasileira, gerando informações que possam ser relevantes e atrativas para a realização de PC no país, destacando-se a importância da diversidade genética na amostra populacional a ser alocada em PC. Material e Método: Levantamento através de bases de dados científicas e governamentais.  Resultados e Conclusão: A realização de PC no Brasil, além de representar oportunidades de benefícios econômicos, técnicos e estruturais para o país, possui a qualidade de incluir uma população numerosa, composta por uma grande variedade étnico-racial, podendo representar uma vantagem competitiva e estratégica na escolha de países para realização de estudos multicêntricos internacionais.Descritores: Pesquisa Clínica, Estudo Clínico, Epidemiologia, População, BrasilABSTRACTObjective: Clinical Research (CR) is a fundamental path to reduce the burden of diseases worldwide by providing the development of innovative, safe and effective therapies, mainly through clinical trials. Therefore, the design of a CR needs to consider that the participants included are representative of the target population of the studied product, guaranteeing the reliability and generalization of the results. Thus, the inclusion of diverse groups results in a higher quality in the provision of healthcare. Thereby, we sought to characterize the Brazilian population, generating information that may be relevant and attractive to the development of CR in that country, highlighting the importance of genetic diversity in the population sample to be allocated in CR. Material and Methods: Survey through scientific and governmental databases. Results and Conclusion: Brazil, in addition to providing economic, technical and structural benefits for the development of clinical research, has a large population and comprises a large ethnic-racial variety, which may represent a competitive and strategic advantage in the choice of countries to perform multicenter and international studies.Keywords:, Clinical Research, Clinical Study, Epidemiology, Population, Brazil

Individual-level and area-level socioeconomic inequalities in hearing impairment among Chinese adults: a population-based study

2020 ◽  
pp. jech-2019-213437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanan Luo ◽  
Jiamin Gao ◽  
Xiaoying Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Pure Tone Audiometry ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Socioeconomic Inequalities ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Income Per Capita ◽  
Per Capita

BackgroundIt is unclear whether individual-level and area-level socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with hearing impairment (HI). This study determines an association of individual SES, area SES and their interaction with HI among working-aged adults.MethodsData were obtained from the large, population-based sample of the Second China National Sample Survey on Disability, a cross-sectional study conducted in China. A total of 1 333 528 participants aged 25–59 years were included. HI was measured by pure-tone audiometry (PTA) and audiologists further ascertained for a final diagnosis. Individual SES was defined as a summed of z-scored of education level and household income per capita, and area SES was calculated as a summed of z-scored of county-level income per capita, high school rate, poverty rate and rate of upper-class occupation. Multilevel logistic regression was used.ResultsIndividual and area SES were associated with HI among Chinese working-aged adults. A 1-SD increase in individual SES was associated with decreased risk of HI (OR=0.3, 95% CI: 0.3 to 0.3). Area SES was positively related to HI (OR=1.2, 95%CI: 1.2 to 1.3). The cross-level interaction on individual and area SES was significantly associated with HI, indicating that among those who lived in higher SES areas, participants with lower SES had a greater likelihood to develop HI.ConclusionsSignificant individual and area socioeconomic inequalities were observed in HI among Chinese working-aged adults. Lower SES adults who resided in prosperous areas may face more deprivation on hearing health than those with higher SES.

scholarly journals Persepsi Mahasiswa Terhadap Penggunaan Ruang Terbuka Hijau Di Universitas Negeri Jakarta Ditinjau Dari Fungsi Ekstrinsik

Jurnal PenSil ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-61
Author(s):  
Irfan Husaini ◽  
Henita Rahmayanti
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Survey Sampling ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
State University ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
June July

This research aim to determine student’s perceptions toward green open space that has been there at the A Campus of State University of Jakarta reviewed from extrinsic functions. The research held at the A Campus of State University of Jakarta on June-July 2015.The method used in this research was a descriptive research method with survey. Sampling population in this research are students which use green open space at the A campus of State University of Jakarta. Target population in this research are students of state university of jakarta which using green open space at crowded hour. Data collection conducted with questionnaire and documentation.Results of this research are students' perceptions of the cultural dimension of the social function of the percentage reached 52.51% at one indicator assume this function has been reached, the dimensions of the aesthetic function is also considered to have achieved the highest percentage of 55.65% in one indicator, while the dimensions of the economic functions of the highest percentage of 46.86% is not considered an indicator of the implementation of this function well

PP007 Technology Adoption In Hospitals - Balancing Incentives - A Survey

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. 69-70
Author(s):  
Orna Tal ◽  
Inbal Tal
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Central Region ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Clinical Excellence ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Functional Improvement ◽  
National Guidelines

INTRODUCTION:Health Technology Assessment (HTA) in the hospital framework involves evaluating safety and cost-effective benefits alongside additional perspectives. We must take into account: professional skills, patient mix, infrastructure costs, the competitive arena and promoting innovation as part of the hospital strategy. Within budgetary constraints, hospitals need to focus on clinical excellence, prioritizing selected technologies in key fields.METHODS:A survey was conducted among thirty-five mid-level managers; department directors and head nurses from eight medical centers. The data was collected from a structured questionnaire scoping five fields: clinical efficiency, risk, benefit, contribution of relevant “players” for decision making and impact of adoption.RESULTS:Personal characteristics of the responders correlated with certain trends: managers with longer seniority ranked life-saving higher than younger managers, as did men in comparison to women. Participants from the peripheral regions ranked improvement in quality of life higher than respondents from the center of the country. The importance of functional improvement of the patient was graded higher by nurses, compared to the physicians.In operative aspects, improving staff communication was considered significantly higher among experienced managers, women, staff members in the central region hospitals and among nurses in comparison to physicians. Women ranked improvement of medical standards and guidelines higher, irrespective of their professional sector. At initial stages of the technology lifespan, scientific evidence on effectiveness was found to have a stronger influence on adoption decisions than national guidelines.Budgetary repercussions of adopting a new technology were ranked significantly higher in the central region. Experienced managers attributed greater impact to economic issues than younger managers.Social dimensions, such as providing care for a large population, reaching the target population, improvement of service and patient preferences were graded significantly higher by women.CONCLUSIONS:The survey highlights the insights of managers for decision making on adopting technologies in hospitals. These decisions need to integrate clinical advantages, competitive markets and national strategies with personal and professional parameters assists in bridging the gaps between local hospital activities and governance.

Modeling Behavior as Dynamic Sequential States: Introduction to the Special Issue

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Brian P. Flaherty ◽  
Lawrence M. Scheier
Keyword(s):  
Latent Class ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Qualitative Change ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Transition Analysis ◽  
Modeling Behavior ◽  
Discrete Change ◽  
Over Time

This special issue of Evaluation and The Health Professions focuses on applications and extensions of latent transition analysis (LTA), a longitudinal parameterization of the latent class (LC) model. LTA is a model of discrete or qualitative change over time among potentially complex states (e.g., patterns of recent drug use or abuse experiences), commonly referred to as latent classes, latent profiles, or latent statuses. Frequently, researchers will distinguish the term “classes” for cross-sectional studies and with LTA use “statuses” to indicate the concept of “dynamic change” with individuals shifting in their response patterns and associated statuses over time. It goes without saying that LTA models are underutilized, although quite flexible. This special issue showcases articles that apply LTA and extend the capabilities of this approach to modeling discrete change in new ways.

scholarly journals Estimating the Uncertainty of a Small Area Estimator Based on a Microsimulation Approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 004912412098619
Author(s):  
Angelo Moretti ◽  
Adam Whitworth
Keyword(s):  
Small Area ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Significant Development ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Nonnormal Distributions ◽  
Spatial Microsimulation ◽  
Sample Survey Data

Spatial microsimulation encompasses a range of alternative methodological approaches for the small area estimation (SAE) of target population parameters from sample survey data down to target small areas in contexts where such data are desired but not otherwise available. Although widely used, an enduring limitation of spatial microsimulation SAE approaches is their current inability to deliver reliable measures of uncertainty—and hence confidence intervals—around the small area estimates produced. In this article, we overcome this key limitation via the development of a measure of uncertainty that takes into account both variance and bias, that is, the mean squared error. This new approach is evaluated via a simulation study and demonstrated in a practical application using European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions data to explore income levels across Italian municipalities. Evaluations show that the approach proposed delivers accurate estimates of uncertainty and is robust to nonnormal distributions. The approach provides a significant development to widely used spatial microsimulation SAE techniques.

scholarly journals Impact of Work Atmosphere on Educators' Job Satisfaction in Pondichery Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 4487-4490
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Target Population ◽  
The Self ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Quantitative Methodology ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Academic Organizations ◽  
Work Atmosphere ◽  
The Impact

In the era, academic organizations face many challenges because of the dynamic nature of the setting. one among the various challenges for a college is to satisfy its academics so as to cope up with the ever dynamic and evolving setting and to realize success and maintain their standards. one among the vital conditions for a tutor to provide best result's the cordial setting during which they work. the target of the most study is to research the impact of operating atmosphere on teachers’ job fulfilment. current study utilized a quantitative methodology. Datas was collected through the self-administered survey sorts form and an even tool. The target population consists of academics from Pondicherry region. For this study straightforward sampling techniques used for collections of datas from two hundred academics. The outcomes specify that there's a optimistic affiliation among operating atmosphere and teacher’s job satisfaction. It states the requirement of the management to comprehend the importance of excellent operating setting for maximising the extent of job fulfilment. A happy teacher would bring desired changes within the students and enhance their tutorial accomplishment

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