scholarly journals DESENVOLVIMENTO INICIAL DE MUDAS DE GUANANDI SUBMETIDAS A DOIS NÍVEIS DE LENÇOL FREÁTICO E DOSES CRESCENTES DE FÓSFORO

Irriga ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 599-612
Author(s):  
Renata da Silva Cuba de Carvalho ◽  
Mara Rúbia Mendes de Melo ◽  
Francielly Guieiro Gomes de Sousa ◽  
Antonio Evaldo Klar
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Final Height ◽  
Fresh Mass ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Phosphate Fertilization ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
E Mail

DESENVOLVIMENTO INICIAL DE MUDAS DE GUANANDI SUBMETIDAS A DOIS NÍVEIS DE LENÇOL FREÁTICO E DOSES CRESCENTES DE FÓSFORO1     RENATA DA SILVA CUBA DE CARVALHO2; MARA RÚBIA MENDES DE MELO3; fRANCIELLY GUIEIRO GOMES DE SOUSA4; antonio evaldo klar5   1Trabalho originado da tese de doutorado do primeiro autor intitulada: “Cultivo de pimentão em sistema hidropônico com água de reúso em diferentes níveis de disponibilidade de água no substrato”. 2Doutora, Programa de Pós-graduação em Agronomia – Irrigação e Drenagem, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Avenida Universitária, 3780, CEP 18610-034, Altos do Paraíso, Botucatu-SP, Brasil, [email protected]. 3Doutoranda, Programa de Pós- graduação em Agronomia, Departamento de Produção e Melhoramento Vegetal. Faculdade de Ciências Agronômica, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rua José Barbosa de Barros, 1780. CEP: 18.610-307, Botucatu-SP - Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]. 4Doutora, Programa de Pós- graduação em Agronomia – Irrigação e Drenagem, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômica, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Avenida Universitária, 3780, CEP 18610-034, Altos do Paraíso, Botucatu-SP, [email protected]. 5 Professor Emérito do Departamento de Engenharia Rural da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Avenida Universitária, 3780, CEP 18610-034, Altos do Paraíso, Botucatu-SP, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected].     1 RESUMO   O guanandi é uma espécie nativa com potencial para reflorestamento, porém com poucos resultados na literatura sobre seu cultivo. Diante disto, objetivou-se avaliar o desenvolvimento inicial de mudas de guanandi submetidas a dois níveis de disponibilidade de água no solo e doses crescentes de fósforo. O cultivo foi realizado de fevereiro a junho de 2016, utilizando-se dez lisímetros de lençol freático constante, simulando duas alturas do lençol freático, 0,40 m e 0,70 m. Em cada lisímetro, foram colocados seis vasos contendo uma muda por vaso. As doses de fósforo foram de 0, 40, 80, 120 e 160 mg dm-3 de solo. O delineamento experimental adotado foi em fatorial 2 x 5, com seis repetições, considerando cada vaso uma unidade amostral, totalizando 60. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: altura e diâmetro final, massa fresca da parte aérea, raízes e total, teor relativo, potencial de água na folha (Ψf) e consumo de água. Os resultados permitem inferir que, nas condições avaliadas, a dose de 160 mg dm-3 de fósforo associada ao fornecimento de 537,2 mm de água nos primeiros cinco meses de implantação da cultura, proporciona melhor desenvolvimento morfológico e fisiológico.   Palavras chaves: irrigação, lisímetro, adubação fosfatada.     CARVALHO, R. S. C.; MELO, M. R. M.; GOMES, F. G.; KLAR, A. E. INITIAL DEVELOPMENT OF GUANANDI SEEDLINGS SUBJECTED TO TWO LEVELS OF WATER TABLE AND INCREASING DOSES OF PHOSPHORUS     2 ABSTRACT   The guanandi is a native species with potential for reforestation, but with few results in the literature about its cultivation. Because of this, the objective was to evaluate the initial development of guanandi seedlings subjected to two levels of water availability in the soil and crescent phosphorus dosages. The cultivation was conducted from February to June 2016 by using ten lysimeters of constant water table, simulating two heights of the water table, 0.40 m and 0.70 m. In each lysimeter, one of them, six pots were placed, with one seedling by pot. The crescent phosphorus dosages used were 0, 40, 80, 120, and 160 mg dm-1 of soil. The experimental design adopted was the factorial 2 x 5, with six replications, in which each, pot was considered a plot, totalizing 60 of them. The evaluated parameters were final height and diameter, aerial parts fresh mass, root fresh mass, total fresh mass, relative water level, water potential in the leaf (Ψf), and consumption of water. The results allow us to infer that, under the conditions evaluated, the dosage of 160 mg dm-3 of phosphorus associated with the supply of 537.2 mm of water in the first five months of crop implantation provides better morphological and physiological development, under the conditions evaluated.   Keywords: irrigation, lysimeter, phosphate fertilization.

scholarly journals Phytoremediation Potential of Native Herbaceous Plant Species Growing on a Paradigmatic Brownfield Site

2021 ◽  
Vol 232 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Matanzas ◽  
E. Afif ◽  
T. E. Díaz ◽  
J. R. Gallego
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Medicago Lupulina ◽  
Icp Ms

AbstractPhytomanagement techniques using native species allow the recovery of contaminated soils at low cost and circumvent the ecological risks associated with the use of non-native species. In this context, a paradigmatic brownfield megasite highly contaminated by As and Pb was sampled in order to analyze soil–plant interactions and identify plant species with phytoremediation potential. A survey was first carried out in a 20-ha area to obtain an inventory of species growing spontaneously throughout the site. We then performed another survey in the most polluted sub-area (1 ha) within the site. Pseudototal concentrations of contaminants in the soil, aerial parts of the plants, and roots were measured by ICP-MS. A detailed habitat classification was done, and a specific index of coverage was applied by means of a 1-year quadrat study in various sampling stations. Results converged in the selection of six herbaceous species (Dysphania botrys, Lotus corniculatus, Lotus hispidus, Plantago lanceolata, Trifolium repens, Medicago lupulina). All of these plants are fast-growing, thereby making them suitable for use in phytostabilization strategies. Furthermore, they are all easy to grow and propagate and are generally self-sustaining. All six plants showed accumulation factors below 1, thus revealing them as pseudomethallophytes and excluders. However, L. hispidus and M. lupulina showed translocation capacity and are considered worthy of further study.

scholarly journals Initial development and gas exchange of Talisia subalbens (Mart.) Radlk. under different shading conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Carlota Nery ◽  
Hilton Morbeck de Oliveira ◽  
Amauri Alves de Alvarenga ◽  
Sara Dousseau ◽  
Evaristo Mauro de Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Levels

Ecophysiological studies under semi-controlled conditions in nurseries and greenhouses are essential to enable the use of native species to recover degraded areas and for commercial planting. Talisia subalbens (Mart) Radlk, 'cascudo', is a native fruiting species of the Cerrado on the verge of extinction. The ecophysiological performance of this species was evaluated in nursery conditions under different levels of shading (full sunshine, 30%, 50% and 70%). Initial growth, biomass allocation, gas exchange and chlorophyll content of the plants were analyzed. Full sunshine cultivated plants showed a higher accumulation of total, shoot, and root dry biomass. There was no significant difference in the root/shoot ratio among the treatments. Seedlings cultivated under full sunshine and 30% shading showed higher values for height, basal diameter, and leaf area. Differences in stomata conductance and photosynthesis rate were not observed among the different shading levels. Plants cultivated under 70% of shading had higher contents of chlorophyll a, b, and total. During the initial phase with higher levels of radiation were fundamental for the development of T. subalbens seedlings.

Long-term trends in growth of Pinus palustris and Pinus elliottii along a hydrological gradient in central Florida

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 1661-1670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tammy E Foster ◽  
J Renee Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Pinus Palustris ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Drought Severity ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Shallow Water Table ◽  
Hydrologic Gradient

Forest species composition in Florida is sensitive to changes in hydrology that accompany small shifts in elevation. In this study, we use dendrochronological techniques to determine how the growth of Pinus elliottii var. elliottii Engelm. (slash pine) and Pinus palustris Mill. (longleaf pine) along a hydrologic gradient from mesic flatwoods to xeric sandhills responds to fluctuations in climate (temperature, precipitation, river flow, and Palmer drought severity index). Interspecies and intraspecies comparisons of growth responses were made between a xeric P. palustris plot, a transition zone plot containing both species, and a mesic P. elliottii plot. Growth of P. elliottii individuals was negatively correlated with increased water availability on sites with a shallow water table (<1 m) but positively correlated on sites with a deeper water table. The basal area increment (BAI) of P. elliottii individuals on the drier site was 41% lower than the BAI of individuals on the wetter site. In contrast, the growth response of P. palustris, which only grows in the dryer sites, was similar along the hydrologic gradient, with growth being positively related to water availability and only a 16% lower BAI on the driest site.

scholarly journals INITIAL DEVELOPMENT OF FIVE TREE SPECIES NATIVE TO THE ATLANTIC FOREST IN RECOMPOSITION PLANTATIONS IN SOUTHERN BRAZIL

FLORESTA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 070
Author(s):  
Charles Rodrigo Belmonte Maffra ◽  
Felipe Turchetto ◽  
Edison Bisognin Cantarelli
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Forest Restoration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Araucaria Angustifolia ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Schizolobium Parahyba

The regularization of rural properties in the molds of the New Forest Code depends on the silvicultural study of the native species of the Brazilian biomes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the initial growth of five native tree species of the Atlantic Forest, with a view to their use in forest restoration projects. The following species were produced in the nursery, planted in the field, and evaluated for performance: Araucaria angustifolia, Mimosa scabrella, Trichilia claussenii, Schizolobium parahyba, and Cordia trichotoma. These species were distributed in two different areas, based on the randomized block experimental design. In experiment 1, the species A. angustifolia, M. scabrella, and C. trichotoma were distributed in three randomized blocks, each composed of 11 plants of each species. In experiment 2, the species A. angustifolia, M. scabrella, T. claussenii, and S. parahyba were distributed in three randomized blocks, each one composed of five plants of each species. In general, S. parahyba and M. scabrella showed faster development than the other species and, in this regard, are promising candidates for forest areas constitution or reconstitution in which there is interest in obtaining economic returns in less time. Araucaria angustifolia and T. claussenii showed relatively low development, whereas C. trichotoma showed intermediate development in relation to the other species studied. Despite their differences in performance, all species proved to be suitable for use in reforestation, mainly in the region where the study was developed.

scholarly journals Water Availabilities Associated with Natural Phosphate and Triple Superphosphate in Radish Cultivation

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Edna Maria Bonfim-Silva ◽  
Juliane de Souza Beltrão ◽  
Raphael Pereira França de Paula ◽  
Wellington Fava Roque ◽  
Ana Paula Alves Barreto Damasceno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerial Part ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Fresh Mass ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Natural Phosphate ◽  
Phosphate Fertilization

Aims: The objective of this study was to evaluate the development of giant Crimson radish cultivated in a oxisol under phosphate fertilizer sources (natural phosphate, triple superphosphate, natural phosphate + triple superphosphate and control) associated with water availabilities (40, 80 and 120% of the field capacity). Study Design: The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 4x3 factorial scheme, with 4 replications (48 units). Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted in a greenhouse belonging to the Federal University of Mato Grosso, in the municipality of Rondonópolis (MT). Methodology: The dystrophic Oxisol was used to fill the 1.5 dm3 pots. The irrigation management was in accordance with the methodology of the maximum water retention capacity, by the gravimetric method. Phosphate fertilization was applied before sowing using 265 mg dm-3 phosphorus, varying the source used, triple superphosphate and Bayovar Natural phosphate. After the emergence of the plants, the other nutrients were applied to the soil. The parameters related to vegetative development and after the harvest of radish were evaluated at 20 and 35 days after sowing. Results: The parameters fresh mass of the aerial part, dry mass of the tubercle, dry mass of the aerial part, fresh mass of tubercle and length of tubercle had the highest values with the use of triple superphosphate, and for the field capacities of 80 and 120%. The highest harvest index (1.51) was found for the use of Natural phosphate in the field capacity of 120%. The water consumption by the plants was higher with the use of triple superphosphate and field capacity of 120% (6,425.25 L). The efficiency of water use was better with the application of triple Superphosphate and 40% of the field capacity (0.0547 g mL-1). Conclusion: There was influence of both water availabilities and phosphate fertilization on the studied parameters. Triple superphosphate associated with 80% of the field capacity allowed the best productivity averages for radish.

scholarly journals Production and chemical composition of Mentha x piperita var. citrata (Ehrh.) Briq. essential oil regarding to different potassium concentrations in the hydroponic solution

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanea Maria Bisognin Garlet ◽  
Dalva Paulus ◽  
Rejane Flores
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Fresh Mass ◽  
Linalyl Acetate ◽  
Mentha X Piperita ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Hydroponic Solution ◽  
Nutrient Film Technique ◽  
K Concentration

This work aimed to evaluate the production of fresh and dry mass of leaves, stems and aerial parts, and the content and quality of lemon mint (Mentha x piperita var. citrata) essential oil as a result of four potassium (K) concentrations (276, 414, 552 and 690 mg.L-1) under hydroponic solutions. The experiment was carried out in the hydroponic NFT (Nutrient Film Technique) system. Leaves were separated and weighted to determine the fresh mass and part of them was used to extract oil in a Clevenger apparatus. The analysis of the oil chemical composition was performed in a gas chromatograph fitted with a mass spectrometer. The estimated concentration for the maximum fresh mass production of the leaves corresponded to 384 mg.L-1 K. The greatest K concentration proportionated an increase in essential oil content and yield per plant, but decreased linalool and linalyl acetate in the oil. Under the conditions the experiment was carried out, in order to obtain an adequate quantity of leaves for a higher essential oil yield per plant and linalool and linalyl acetate accumulus, the K concentration of 414 mg.L-1 is recommended in the hydroponic solution for the cultivation of lemon mint.

scholarly journals Analyses of OJIP transients in leaves of two epiphytic orchids under drought stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 556-565
Author(s):  
Jadson Bonini Zampirollo ◽  
Clodoaldo Leites Pinheiro ◽  
Vinícius Fonseca dos Santos ◽  
Priscila Conceição Souza Braga ◽  
João Paulo Rodrigues Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Photosystem I ◽  
Electron Acceptor ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Redox Reactions ◽  
Photochemical Activity ◽  
Kinetic Properties ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Epiphytic Orchids ◽  
Relative Water

Abstract The tolerance to low water availability is a decisive factor for growth and survival of orchids in their natural environment. The objective of this study was to characterize the photochemical traits of two epiphytic orchids (Cattleya warneri and Miltonia spectabilis) under water deficit (WD). Chlorophyll a fluorescence signals were recorded from young and fully expanded leaves of 5 plants/species after dark-adaption for 60 minutes, between 6-9 a.m. after 0, 30, 60, and 90 days of WD, using a Handy-PEA fluorometer (Hansatech, UK). Increases of O-J and J-I phases and L and K-bands and decreases of I-P phase were observed after 30 days of WD, especially in C. warneri. Decreases in the capacity to photochemically reduce quinone A (QA) and the kinetic properties required for redox reactions of the plastoquinone pool, the loss of energetic connectivity between units of PSII, inactivation of the oxygen evolution complex, and decrease of the overall rate of reducing the electron acceptor pool of photosystem I were observed in M. spectabilis, a more tolerant species. The greater ability of this species to maintain higher relative water content (RWC) in photosynthetic tissues allows greater photochemical activity.

scholarly journals Capillary Mats Alter the Water Content in Medium during Mist Propagation of Dendranthema

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 584-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.L. Geneve ◽  
S.T. Kester ◽  
J.W. Buxton
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Internal Water ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Reduced Water ◽  
Water Contents

A capillary mat-mist system was developed to provide near constant media water contents at differing quantities of mist. Media water contents were reduced by increasing the capillary mat height above a constant water table maintained at bench level. Increased tensions from 0 to 10 cm above the water table reduced water content in Oasis, rockwool, and peat-perlite by 35.4%, 27.6%, and 17.4%, respectively. There was no difference in water content for each medium when the mist quantity ranged between 600 and 1800 mL·m-2·h-1, except when the capillary mat was at 9 cm above the water table and mist volume was 300 mL·m-2·h-1. Chrysanthemum cuttings rooted best when water content was highest regardless of media. Using the peat-perlite medium, water content had the greatest impact on rooting when the mist volume was low (600 mL·m-2·h-1). Relative water content of cuttings was lowest during the first 5 days of sticking and both reduced media water content and mist quantity resulted in the lowest internal water status for the cuttings.

scholarly journals Hasil, Kualitas Fisik Polong dan Biji Beberapa Genotipe Kacang Tanah menurut Ragam Lengas Tanah pada Fase Generatif

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agustina Asri Rahmianna ◽  
Dan Joko Purnomo
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content ◽  
Generative Stage

Drought stress during generative stage affected pod yield, yield components, seed and pod qualities of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). The reseach was carried out to assess the effect of drought stress at various soil water availabilities during generative stage on pod yield, pod and seed physical qualities. The experiment was conducted at Muneng Experimental Farm, Probolinggo District during July-October 2012. Five genotypes were arranged in a RCB design, with 3 replicates. The replications were nested into four treatments of soil water availability (0-100, 0-85, 0-70,0-55 days after sowing/DAS). The pods were harvested at 102 days after sowing. The result showed that the shorter the water availability, the lower the leaf relative water content, pod and seed water contents, number of mature pods, seed size, and intact seeds weight. Pod yield reduced when water was available upto 55 DAS only. Turangga variety had the highest pod yield (1.626 ton ha-1) with low pod and seed physical qualities. GH-51 yielded in 1.076 ton ha-1 with superior pod and seed physical qualities. Despite of its lowest pod yield (0.964 ton ha-1), J-11 produced the same pod and seed physical qualities as GH 51 did. ICGV 86590 was superior on its pod yield (1.338 ton ha-1) with low pod and seed physical qualities. Kancil variety did not perform any superiority.<br /><br />Keywords: intact seeds, leaf relative water content, pod moisture content, seed moisture content

scholarly journals Initial Growth and Roots Development of Soybean as Function of Water Availability and Soil Bulk Density

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 213
Author(s):  
Pâmela de Andrades Timm ◽  
Marília Alves Brito Pinto ◽  
José Maria Barbat Parfitt ◽  
Germani Concenço ◽  
Alexssandra Dayanne Soares de Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Soybean Crop ◽  
Soil Water Tension ◽  
Soybean Plants

Soil compaction is preponderant in soil physical-hydric relationships, which in turn, exert direct effect on plant development. In this context, this work aimed to evaluate the initial development of shoot and roots of soybean plants (Glycine max (L.) Merril), cv. BMX &Iacute;cone, cultivated in different combinations of soil bulk densities and water availability. A greenhouse experiment was carried out at the EMBRAPA Lowland Experimental Station, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Soybean plants were grown in seven levels of soil bulk density (1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9 and 2.0 kg dm-3) coupled to two soil water tensions (10 and 50 kPa). Plant height and leaf area, as well as root volume, decreased when soybean was cultivated at 50 kPa, associated to soil bulk densities above 1.8 kg dm-3. Soybean crop showed to be most sensitive to water deficit than to soil compaction, and soil water tension around the field capacity (10 kPa) should be associated to soil bulk density lower than 1.8 kg dm-3 to allow adequate soybean crop development.

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