scholarly journals Results Regarding the Growing Marigold (Calendula Officinalis L.) in Climatic Conditions from Jucu, Cluj

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona VAIDA ◽  
Leon Sorin MUNTEAN ◽  
Marcel DUDA
Keyword(s):  
Plant Size ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Soil Fertilization ◽  
Biometric Measurements ◽  
Average Plant ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Drying Efficiency ◽  
Calendula Officinalis L

In the experimental field of UASVM Cluj-Napoca from Jucu we performed, between 2008-2010, a series of research on the behavior of eight varieties of marigold, in three conditions of soil fertilization with manure. The average yearly air temperature is 10.71 º C Jucu in 2008, 11.12 º C in 2009 and 11.21 º C in 2010 and during the growing season (aprilie-sept.) of 17.70 ° C 19.07 ° C and 18, 08 ° C. In terms of rainfall, 2008 was very dry (less than 150 mm from the annual average), 2009 excessively dry (less than 250 mm annual average) and 2010 was very wet (83 mm more than the annual average). Climatic conditions were favorable to grow marigolds. A series of biometric measurements have been conducted on the eight varieties of marigold, such as waist measurement of the average plant, the production of flowers and drying efficiency, the correlation between average plant size and production. Average plant size in eight varieties of marigold, in 2008-2010 was between 67.44 and 84.78 cm. Production of fresh flowers was between 7400 and 8507 kg / ha. The biggest production of inflorescences was obtained from varieties of ”Belezza del Pacifico”, ”Cluj 2” and ”Starsem 922”, with over 9.000 kg / ha of fresh flowers. Production of Marigold is strongly influenced by genotype and fertilization. The average yield of drying was 6 / 1. Between the average height of marigold plant and production there's a direct link. The increase of production is influenced by the average size of marigold plant.

scholarly journals Research on the Cultivation of 8 Marigold Varieties (Calendula Officinalis L.) in Various Conditions of Fertilization in the Jucu, Cluj

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Matei DUDA ◽  
Horia BUNESCU ◽  
Avram FIŢIU ◽  
Simona VAIDA
Keyword(s):  
Average Diameter ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Calendula Officinalis ◽  
Soil Fertilization ◽  
Average Rainfall ◽  
Biometric Measurements ◽  
Drying Efficiency ◽  
Calendula Officinalis L

The experimental field UASVM Cluj-Napoca, from Jucu in 2008, we made some research on the behavior of eight marigold varieties in three conditions of soil fertilization with manure. The year 2008 was characterized by an amount close to average rainfall, but a mean temperature of the vegetation period increased by 6.7°C. Climatic conditions were favorable marigold cultivation. The marigold cultivars have made a number of biometric measurements such as waist measurement of average plants, diameter of inflorescences, inflorescence mass of 100, the production of inflorescences and drying efficiency. Plant size in the eight varieties of marigold was between 64 and 92 cm. Average diameter of inflorescences was between 4.7 and 8.25 cm. Mass of 100 marigold inflorescence ranged from 240 to 90 g and the production of fresh inflorescences was between 6,890 and 10,200 kg/ha. Yields the largest inflorescence was obtained from cultivars „Belezza del Pacifico", "Cluj 2"and "Starsem 922", with over 9600 kg fresh inflorescences /ha. Production at marigold is strongly influenced by genotype and fertilizer. The average yield was drying 6 / 1. There is a direct correlation between size and mass of their inflorescences.

The effect of quadrat size, plant size, and plant distribution on frequency estimates in plant ecology

1958 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEC Aberdeen
Keyword(s):  
Random Distribution ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Plant Ecology ◽  
Plant Distribution ◽  
Unit Size ◽  
Quadrat Size ◽  
Average Plant ◽  
Average Size

The theoretical foundation for frequency estimates, as used in plant ecology, is discussed. An equation is derived in which the absence value is linked with the quadrat size, the plant unit size, the plant density, and the aggregation of the plant units. Graphical methods are used to estimate the density and the average size of the individuals of a species for a random distribution. Departure from a random distribution can also be detected by these methods. It is shown that if an estimate of the average plant unit size is combined with the frequency estimates, then the reliability of the results is increased considerably. The value of frequency estimates made with one, two, or more sizes of quadrats is discussed.

scholarly journals Structure of Large-scale Manufacturing Industries of Pakistan (1950-1988)

1994 ◽  
Vol 33 (4II) ◽  
pp. 1373-1384
Author(s):  
Shahnaz Rauf
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Barriers To Entry ◽  
Average Plant ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Almost All

Bain's (1951) paradigm provided a theoretical underpinning for a great deal of the empirical work on the structure-conduct-performance relationship in the past. The results of almost all the' earlier studies lend support to the hypothesis. What it states is that the presence of various "barriers to entry" to an industry determines its level of concentration (structure). High levels of concentration in turn facilitate co-operative price behaviour (conduct). This collusive behaviour then leads to high profits (performance). The purpose of the present pap~r is to examine the evolution of the structure of manufacturing industry by tracing the pattern of changes, over time (1970, 1978, 1984 and 1988) in some of the basic aspects of industrial structure like (a) distribution of firm size and type of ownership; (b) trends in aggregate concentration in manufacturing industry; (c) the levels of concentration in individual industries; and (d) the average size of establishment and plant size in Pakistan in relation to international standards of average plant size.

scholarly journals Results on Economic Efficiency in Marigold’s Growing in Climatic Conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona DUDA ◽  
Leon Sorin MUNTEAN ◽  
Marcel M. DUDA
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Soil Fertilization ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
Production Economic ◽  
Efficiency Indicators

.  In the experimental field of UASVM Cluj-Napoca from Jucu we performed, between 2008- 2010, a series of research on the behavior of eight varieties of marigold, in three conditions of soil fertilization with manure. Marigold experimental variants were established by direct seeding by hand, at a distance of 70 cm between rows. Each cultivar was sown in four repetitions, each 25 sqm. The annual average air temperature in Jucu was 10.71º C in 2008, 11.12º C in 2009 and 11.21º C in 2010. In terms of rainfall, 2008 was very dry, 2009 excessively dry and 2010 was very wet. Climatic conditions were favorable for growing marigolds. Economic efficiency indicators were calculated to reveal the effectiveness of soil fertilization with organic fertilizers and value the tested cultivars, in terms of production. Economic efficiency calculation was performed using marigold yields obtained in 2008-2010 in the three agrofunds (F0, F20 and F40). There were dried marigold’s flower productions between 1.042 and 1 .700 kg / ha. The highest yields were obtained in 2008, when climatic conditions were more favorable than in other years. The greatest net profit (average 2008 - 2010) was obtained by cultivation of Belezza del Pacifico (3.69 thousands lei/ha), followed by Cluj 2 (3.65 thousands lei/ha) and Starsem 922 (3.50 thousands lei/ha).

scholarly journals The influence of meteorological conditions on major quantitative and qualitative traits of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radojka Maletic ◽  
Radosav Jevdjovic
Keyword(s):  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
First Year ◽  
Lower Mass ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Average Plant ◽  
Fagopyrum Esculentum Moench ◽  
Year 2000

The results of two-year investigations of buckwheat raised in agroecological conditions of South Banat (Pancevo) and West Serbia (Gorobilje) are presented in the paper. Based on the obtained investigation data, we confirm the hypothesis that buckwheat is a plant suited to more humid regions, since we have determined higher yield of the plant on locations with higher precipitation amount. During 1999, the yield of buckwheat was higher at the location in Pancevo and the next year at the location in Gorobilje. Also, in the year 2000, values of average plant height, number of seeds per plant and seed mass per plant were higher at the location in Gorobilje, whereas in the year 1999 (first year of investigation), which from the aspect of climatic conditions could be considered as optimal, plant yield and all other investigated parameters were better in case of buckwheat originating from the location in Pancevo. In the year 2000, in regard to the seed proportionally medium fractions were more present, which is, among other things, the result of the influence of higher precipitation amount. In regard to the exploitation value of the seed, better germination was registered for seed produced in 2000 (at both locations), although it had lower mass compared to the seed produced in 1999. Blossoming (blooming) in the first study year at both locations started 5 to 7 days earlier compared to the second year of investigations and lasted 5 to 8 days longer. On the other hand, in the second year of investigations at both locations harvesting started 10 to 12 days earlier compared to the previous year.

scholarly journals Ecology and structure of Drosophyllum lusitanicum (L.) Link populations in the south- western of the Iberia!, Peninsula.

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 47-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Müller ◽  
Urlich Deil
Keyword(s):  
Plant Size ◽  
Demographic Structure ◽  
The South ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
Medium Frequency ◽  
Portuguese Study ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Roadside Verges ◽  
Disturbed Habitats ◽  
Península Ibérica

ABSTRACT. Ecology and structure of Drosophyllum lusitanicum (L.) Link populations in the south- western of the Iberia!, Peninsula. The population size and the demographic structure of the autogamous and nautochoric Drosophyllum lusitanicum were studied in two areas in the South-western Iberian Peninsula. Its coenological character is documented by a synoptic phytosociological table, based upon the published relevés and new data. In the Serra de Monchique (Portugal), the distribution was mapped. 21 populations are growing there with an average size of 165 individuals. In the Campo de Gibraltar (Spain), the biggest population with severa] thousands of individuals occurs in the Sierra del Aljibe. Plant size, rosette diameter and lignification rate from 700 measured individuals are used as indirect indicators for the age-structure in 19 populations.Drosophyllum has a certain pioneer character. It occurs mostly in open Ericion umbellatae-heathland communities (Stauracantho-Drosophylletum. Querco lusitanicae-Stauracanthetutn, Genisto tridentis- Stauracanthetutn etc.). It is able to colonize disturbed habitats like roadside verges and fire prevention strips and is an apophyt in the Drosophyllo-[Stauracanthenionl-basal community. As a re-seeder the species is favoured by fire events of medium frequency. In open Myrto-Quercetum suberis-woodland and in dense Erica austraiis-heathland, large and tall-growing specimens predominate; there the populations are over-aged. Some deficits in the knowledge of its reproductive biology and further research topics are outlined and the needs for conservation efforts in the Portuguese study area are strengthened.Key words. Fleathland vegetation, Ericion umbellatae, Portugal, Serra de Monchique, Spain, phytosociology, endemism.RESUMEN. Ecología y estructura de poblaciones de Drosophyllum lusitanicum (L.) Link en el suroeste de la Península Ibérica. Drosophyllum lusitanicum es una planta autógama y nautocórica cuyo tamaño y estructura de población han sido estudiados en dos áreas del suroeste de la Península Ibérica. Su carácter cenológico se documenta mediante una tabla fitosociológica sintética basada en inventarios ya publicados y datos nuevos. En la Sierra de Monchique (Portugal) se cartografían 21 poblaciones cuyo tamaño medio es de 165 individuos. Sin embargo, en el Campo de Gibraltar (España), se encontró la población de mayor tamaño, con varios miles de individuos en la Sierra del Aljibe. Aquí se estudió el tamaño de las plantas, el diámetro de la roseta basal y el grado de lignificación de 700 individuos, lo que se utilizó como indicador indirecto de la estructura de edades de 19 poblaciones. Drosophyllum lusitanicum tiene un cierto carácter pionero. Se presenta mayoritariamente en los brezales aclarados de Ericion umbellatae (Statiracantho-Drosophylletum, Querco lusitanicae- Stauracanthetum, Genisto tridentis-Stauracanthetum, cte.). Es capaz de colonizar medios alterados, como cunetas de carreteras y cortafuegos, y es un apófito en las comunidades basales de Drosophyllo- [Stauracanthenion], siendo además esta especie favorecida por los frecuentes incendios de la zona. En los alcornocales abiertos de Myrto-Quercetum suberis y en los brezales densos de Erica australis predominan  los individuos grandes, siendo éstas poblaciones maduras. Finalmente, se aportan algunos datos poco conocidos de su reproducción y ecología que indican la necesidad de un mayor esfuerzo para la conservación del área portuguesa estudiada.Palabras clave. Brezales, Ericion umbellatae, Portugal, Serra de Monchique, España, fitosociología, endemismos.

The level of manifestation and variation of biometric indicators of spring barley samples of collection of Uman national university of horticulture

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (98) ◽  
pp. 76-84
Author(s):  
Zh. M. Novak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Spike Length ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
National University ◽  
Average Plant

Different weather conditions provide unequal growth and development of plants, in addition, biotypes react differently to changes in external environmental factors. Scientists from Ukraine and other countries analyze varieties and samples of spring barley for the purpose of determine donors of useful traits in different soil and climatic conditions. For the purpose of combine a number of useful traits in one genotype, hybridization between geographically distant biotypes is used. Uman National University of Horticulture has a collection of spring barley samples by different geographic origin. The analyze of breeding material by biometric traits, which will allow us to determine the level of manifestation of each of them in different conditions of 2018–2020 and to determine the donors of useful traits for the further breeding process, was carried out. The weather conditions of the years of research were very different. 2018 was the most unfavorable year for early spring crops. The reason for this was the presence of snow cover until the end of March. After that were strong heat and lack of precipitation. 2019 and 2020 were more favorable for spring barley due to the long cool spring. In addition, in 2020, May and June characterized by increased rainfall. The average plant height of the studied biotypes ranged from 50 to 64 cm. Most samples had the lowest plant height 40–57 cm in 2018, and the highest – in 2020 – from 54 to 88 cm. The average spike length of the analyzed samples was 5.9–8.1 cm. There was not dependence between conditions of the research year and spike length. The number of spikelets per spike was naturally determined by the research conditions. The lowest indicators were observed in 2018 — from 7.0 to 12.0 units, while in 2019 — 16.6–23.9 units, and in 2020 — 20.2–27.7 units. The variation of plant height of the analyzed samples was medium and significant with coefficients from 13.7 to 32.6 %. There was a slight, medium and significant variation of the length of the ear (V = 2.9–23.6 %). The index of number of spikelets per spike most varied — the coefficients of variation were 32.6–55.5 %.

Effects of stock type and site preparation on growth to crown closure of white spruce and lodgepole pine

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan J. Thomson ◽  
Robert G. McMinn
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Vegetation Control ◽  
Stock Type ◽  
Stock Types ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Crown Closure

Growth of white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) and lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl.) seedlings was studied on six installations, each containing different stock types and site-preparation treatments. Stock types included styroplugs from different cavity sizes, bare-root stock, and transplant stock; site preparations included no treatment, scalping, inverting, and mixing. Fertilizer was also used in combination with some of these treatments on some installations. Site-preparation treatments that gave some degree of vegetation control generally led to higher growth rates, but there was considerable variability among and within installations. The slope of the linear relationship of height versus age up to 10 years gave an estimate of early growth which was suitable for comparing treatments, whereas average height increment in a later measurement period gave a better estimate of growth for projection purposes. A normal distribution of growth rates around a mean for a particular stock type and site-preparation method was used in conjunction with height–dbh and crown width–dbh relationships to project growth of trees to crown closure, assuming different densities. The age at crown closure depended on both growth rate and density, and average size at crown closure depended primarily on density.

scholarly journals Análisis del manejo de la crisis de sardina Sardinella aurita en Venezuela y comentario sobre artes de pesca y estadísticas

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo Gómez Gaspar
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
Minimum Size ◽  
Biased Sampling ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Fishery Resource ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Intensive Exploitation ◽  
Eastern Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Sardinella Aurita ◽  
Average Size

The sardine Sardinella aurita, fished since 1927, is Venezuela's most significant fishery resource. The national catch reached a record high of 200,000 tons in 2004 but diminished nationally by 50% in 2005 and by 90% on Margarita Island, marking the beginning of a crisis in sardine fishing. Based on indicators of overexploitation, the fishing authority increased the minimum size required forcapture and prohibited fishing for three months in 2013. The validity of these measures is studied here. A reduction in size may indicate intensive exploitation, and thus, the records of 28,217 sardines measured between 2002 and 2016 in the southeast region of Margarita Island were examined. Prior to the crisis, in 2003 and 2004, the average size was 195.48 and 196.95 mm in total length (TL), respectively. With the onset of the crisis (2005), the size was 201.95 mm, surpassing the measurements obtained in the other years of the period studied (181.27 to 191.89 mm). The conclusion was drawn that no great change was identifiable in the annual average size, providing no supportfor the supposed overexploitation. The 20 cm TL value reported by certain studies for the average length at maturity (Lm50%) is discussed in relation to the increase in the minimum size of capture to 19 cm and considered to be flawed by biased sampling. Moreover, the sardinestock would already have been exhausted were the Lm50% value of 20 cm accurate because for decades, the average size of capture had been < 20 cm. The true Lm50% of S. aurita is < 17 cm, as in the eastern Atlantic Ocean (African waters and the Mediterranean Sea). Furthermore, the prohibition of fishing from January-March is not warranted because the ban occurs during months when sardine eggsshow relatively low abundance in the plankton. Fishing gear and statistics are also discussed. This study leads to the recommendations that management measures be reconsidered and that the consequences of fishing with equipment known as the "machine" be investigated.

scholarly journals THE GROWTH AND PERFORMANCE OF THE UDMURT CLIMATETYPE OF SCOTCHPINE IN THE CONDITIONS OF MOSCOW REGION

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
Петр Мельник ◽  
Petr Mel'nik ◽  
Юрий Глазунов ◽  
Yuriy Glazunov ◽  
Михаил Мерзленко ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Diameter ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Moscow Region ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Climate Type ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
Competitive Relations ◽  
Udmurt Republic ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Unconditional Preference

In normative documents defining the principles of reforestation, unconditional preference is given to local or nearby populations. This situation contradicts the data obtained by many authors in various forest growing areas, as well as the results of our research, which were performed in 65-year-old geographical cultures of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in the Serebryanoborsky forestry of the Institute of Forest Science, located in the central part of the Moscow region. Despite the remote origin (the distance from the geographical landings under study was about 900 km to the east), the planting grown from seeds obtained from the Mozhginsky region of the Udmurt Republic was close to the average height with the Moscow region and Vladimir climatypes and significantly exceeded them in average diameter and stock. The distribution of trees by thickness steps in the tree stands under study is close to normal. At the same time, in the Udmurt climatype, a shift towards the predominance of large trunks is noticeable, whereas in the Vladimir climatype, they are lagging behind. Moscow Provision occupies an intermediate position. According to the dependences of relative heights on tree diameters, the most intense competitive relations are characteristic of the Vladimir climate type. In the first place, this reflects the greatest density of the plantings. In the Udmurt climatype, a high H/D value, corresponding in size to that in Moscow and Vladimir climatypes, is characteristic of trees lagging behind in growth, the diameter of which does not exceed 20 cm. Leading trees in the Udmurt clima type are significantly larger than the local provences. . Planting of Udmurt origin not only adapted to the climatic conditions of the study area, but also surpassed local climatypes in terms of the aggregate characteristics of growth and productivity.

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