Economic losses due to the occurrence of cysticercosis in cattle from cities located in Minas Gerais, Brazil

ABSTRACT: Cysticercosis represents an important public health problem that can cause significant economic losses to the beef industry. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence rate of cysticercosis in cattle and estimate the economic losses to producers associated with this parasitic disease. Data were collected from the official sanitary inspection service of a slaughterhouse located in the city of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, southeast Brazil, from 2009 to 2016. A total of 358,383 cattle from 46 cities in Minas Gerais, Brazil, were slaughtered, of which 4,243 were infected with cysticercosis (1.18%). A total of 5,194 cysticerci were detected in these carcasses, of which 4,548 (87.56%) were alive and 646 (12.44%) were calcified. Most of the cysticerci were located in the masseter and pterygoid masticatory muscles (72.41%). As to the classification of cysticercosis according to the degree of infection of organs and/or parts affected, mild infection was the most frequently observed (92.36%). Rural producers had a total of R$ 1,755,204.20 (US$ 537,526.80) of economic losses due to bovine cysticercosis during the time span of eight years covered by this retrospective study. The importance of the sanitary inspection of meat in the control of this major zoonotic diseases is emphasized.

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A New Methodology for Evaluation of Nematode Viability

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2015/879263 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Sebastião Rodrigo Ferreira ◽

Tiago Antônio Oliveira Mendes ◽

Lilian Lacerda Bueno ◽

Jackson Victor de Araújo ◽

Daniella Castanheira Bartholomeu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health Problem ◽

Inverse Correlation ◽

Nematode Resistance ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Cellular Transport ◽

Cell Integrity ◽

Important Public Health Problem ◽

C Elegans ◽

Fluorescent Markers ◽

High Prevalence

Nematodes infections are responsible for debilitating conditions and economic losses in domestic animals as well as livestock and are considered an important public health problem due to the high prevalence in humans. The nematode resistance for drugs has been reported for livestock, highlighting the importance for development of new anthelmintic compounds. The aim of the current study was to apply and compare fluorimetric techniques using Sytox and propidium iodide for evaluating the viability ofC. eleganslarvae after treatment with anthelmintic drugs. These fluorescent markers were efficient to stain larvae treated with ivermectin and albendazole sulfoxide. We observed that densitometric values were proportional to the concentration of dead larvae stained with both markers. Furthermore, data on motility test presented an inverse correlation with fluorimetric data when ivermectin was used. Our results showed that lower concentrations of drugs were effective to interfere in the processes of cellular transport while higher drugs concentrations were necessary in order to result in any damage to cell integrity. The methodology described in this work might be useful for studies that aim to evaluate the viability of nematodes, particularly for testing of new anthelminthic compounds using an easy, economic, reproducible, and no time-consuming technique.

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Seroepidemiology of leptospirosis in Guilan province, northern Iran: comparison between MAT and IgM-ELISA techniques

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.9426 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (02) ◽

pp. 109-114

Author(s):

Afshin Araghian ◽

Ali Elmi ◽

Mojtaba Farahbakhsh ◽

Simin Hosseini ◽

Sobhan Faezi

Keyword(s):

Public Health Problem ◽

Elisa Test ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Northern Iran ◽

Important Public Health Problem ◽

Specificity And Sensitivity ◽

Igm Elisa ◽

Guilan Province

Introduction: Leptospirosis is a widespread zoonotic disease which is endemic in Guilan province, Iran. Besides economic losses in the dairy industry, leptospirosis is also considered an important public health problem. This study aimed to evaluate two serological techniques, MAT and IgM-ELISA for detection of leptospiral antibodies. Methodology: A total of 185 samples were collected from individuals in Guilan province suspected of having leptospirosis from April 2016 to December 2016. Sera from participants were analyzed for Leptospira IgM antibodies using an available ELISA test and the MAT method. The specificity and sensitivity of the tests were calculated and compared. Results: Of the 185 serum samples examined 114 (61.6%) and 94 (50.8%) samples were determined to be positive by MAT and IgM-ELISA, respectively. The results also showed that 17.5% of the sera that reacted positive in MAT were negative by IgM-ELISA, and 20.2% of IgM-ELISA positive sera were negative by MAT. We also showed that the MAT had specificity and sensitivity of 100%, when compared to leptospirosis-positive and negative serum samples. The specificity and sensitivity of IgM-ELISA was calculated as 78.8% and 82.4% respectively when compared with MAT. Bivariate analysis showed high correlation between the season, community of residence, possible reasons of pollution and leptospirosis (

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Evaluation of pH in swine carcasses regarding on the trasport distance of the animals: a case study

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v9i10.8893 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. e6379108893

Author(s):

Hércules José Marzoque ◽

Clara Mariana Gonçalves Lima ◽

Jorge Pamplona Pagnossa ◽

Renan Fernandes da Cunha ◽

Douglas Roberto Guimarães Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Direct Method ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Swine Industry ◽

Transport Distance ◽

Rest Time ◽

Inspection Service ◽

And Function

The PSE (Pale, Soft and Exudative) swine meat is an anomaly that produces great economic losses in the swine industry and products because proteins lose their functionality, affecting the ability of water retention, binding, and emulsification of meat. Due to the importance of quality control of carcasses, the determination of the pH parameter is necessary to perform the classification of the product in: normal; PSE; and DFD (Dark, Firm, and Dry). In this sense, the purpose of the work was to perform the evaluation of pH values after 45 minutes of bleeding (pH45) and function of the distance from farms to a slaughterhouse and calculate the indicator of Meat PSE in swine carcasses. The experiment was carried out in a large plant, under the supervision of the Federal Inspection Service (SIF). A total of 725 carcasses were used, separated into lots and the transport distance from the farms to the slaughterhouse ranged from 25 to 427 km. For the evaluation of the incidence of PSE, pH45 was measured by a direct method, and the management of pre-slaughter animals was standardized for all lots, except for rest time. The animals transported for shorter distances (25 and 65 km) presented 11% indicative of PSE meat, a fact that shows that the stress response is higher when the animals are subjected to short transport distances compared to longer distances (320, 340, and 427 km).

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Suicide on the Indian Subcontinent

Crisis ◽

10.1027//0227-5910.23.3.104 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 104-107 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Murad M. Khan

Keyword(s):

Sri Lanka ◽

Mental Health Professionals ◽

Indian Subcontinent ◽

Interpersonal Relationship ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Elderly Subjects ◽

Important Public Health Problem ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Formidable Challenge ◽

Causative Factors

Summary: The Indian subcontinent comprises eight countries (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Afghanistan, Bhutan, and the Maldives) and a collective population of more than 1.3 billion people. 10% of the world's suicides (more than 100,000 people) take place in just three of these countries, viz. India, Sri Lanka, and Pakistan. There is very little information on suicides from the other four countries. Some differences from suicides in Western countries include the high use of organophosphate insecticides, larger numbers of married women, fewer elderly subjects, and interpersonal relationship problems and life events as important causative factors. There is need for more and better information regarding suicide in the countries of the Indian subcontinent. In particular, studies must address culture-specific risk factors associated with suicide in these countries. The prevention of this important public health problem in an area of the world with myriad socio-economic problems, meager resources, and stigmatization of mental illness poses a formidable challenge to mental health professionals, policy makers, and governments of these countries.

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Study of the efficacy of Pathadi Ghanavati with Lajamanda in the management of Aamatisara

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences (JAIMS) ◽

10.21760/jaims.4.3.2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (03) ◽

Author(s):

Madhura Jadhav ◽

P. D. Londhe

Keyword(s):

Acute Diarrhoea ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

World Health ◽

Important Public Health Problem ◽

Loose Motion ◽

Economic Class ◽

Watery Stool ◽

Health Organization ◽

Effective Remedy ◽

Trial Drug

Acute Diarrhoea is an important public health problem worldwide. The World Health Organization estimates that there are more than 1000 million cases of Acute Diarrhoea. Loose motion less than 2 weeks that labelled as Acute Diarrhoea. Diarrhoea is described in Ayurvedic classics with the name of ‘Atisara’. It means passing of excessive flow of watery stool through anus. Most important factor in the pathogenesis of Aamatisara is Mandagni. In present study 50 patients of Aamatisara were selected from OPD and IPD of Kayachikitsa department. For the clinical study Pathadi Ghanavati and Lajamanda was selected as the trial drug which was given for the duration of 7 days in the dose of 1gm twice a day. It was observed that 32% patients were from the age group 51-60 years, 70% were females, 62% were from lower-middle socio economic class. Sama Jivha was found in all the patients. Among results loose motion showed 98.75% relief, 97.82% showed improvement in Udarashoola, 97.43% improvement in Agnimandya and Daurbalya each, 100% relief was seen in Aruchi. All the symptoms showed highly significant results. Hence it can be concluded that Pathadi Ghanavati and Lajamanda is very effective remedy in the patients of Aamatisara.

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Detection of Rhodococcus fascians, the Causative Agent of Lily Fasciation in South Korea

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10020241 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 241

Author(s):

Joon Moh Park ◽

Jachoon Koo ◽

Se Won Kang ◽

Sung Hee Jo ◽

Jeong Mee Park

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

South Korea ◽

Nicotiana Benthamiana ◽

Economic Value ◽

Virulence Gene ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Herbaceous Perennials ◽

Rhodococcus Fascians ◽

Different Strains

Rhodococcus fascians is an important pathogen that infects various herbaceous perennials and reduces their economic value. In this study, we examined R. fascians isolates carrying a virulence gene from symptomatic lily plants grown in South Korea. Phylogenetic analysis using the nucleotide sequences of 16S rRNA, vicA, and fasD led to the classification of the isolates into four different strains of R. fascians. Inoculation of Nicotiana benthamiana with these isolates slowed root growth and resulted in symptoms of leafy gall. These findings elucidate the diversification of domestic pathogenic R. fascians and may lead to an accurate causal diagnosis to help reduce economic losses in the bulb market.

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Sarcopenic Obesity in Liver Cirrhosis: Possible Mechanism and Clinical Impact

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22041917 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 1917

Author(s):

Hiroki Nishikawa ◽

Hirayuki Enomoto ◽

Shuhei Nishiguchi ◽

Hiroko Iijima

Keyword(s):

Liver Cirrhosis ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Diagnostic Value ◽

Sarcopenic Obesity ◽

Important Public Health Problem ◽

Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

Protein Energy ◽

Clinical Consequences

The picture of chronic liver diseases (CLDs) has changed considerably in recent years. One of them is the increase of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. More and more CLD patients, even those with liver cirrhosis (LC), tend to be presenting with obesity these days. The annual rate of muscle loss increases with worsening liver reserve, and thus LC patients are more likely to complicate with sarcopenia. LC is also characterized by protein-energy malnutrition (PEM). Since the PEM in LC can be invariable, the patients probably present with sarcopenic obesity (Sa-O), which involves both sarcopenia and obesity. Currently, there is no mention of Sa-O in the guidelines; however, the rapidly increasing prevalence and poorer clinical consequences of Sa-O are recognized as an important public health problem, and the diagnostic value of Sa-O is expected to increase in the future. Sa-O involves a complex interplay of physiological mechanisms, including increased inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, hormonal disorders, and decline of physical activity. The pathogenesis of Sa-O in LC is diverse, with a lot of perturbations in the muscle–liver–adipose tissue axis. Here, we overview the current knowledge of Sa-O, especially focusing on LC.

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The gut at war: the consequences of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli infection as a factor of diarrhea and malnutrition

Sao Paulo Medical Journal ◽

10.1590/s1516-31802000000100006 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 118 (1) ◽

pp. 21-29 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Ulysses Fagundes-Neto ◽

Isabel Cristina Affonso Scaletsky

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Diarrheal Disease ◽

Driving Forces ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Clinical Aspects ◽

Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽

Enteropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽

Important Public Health Problem ◽

The Impact

Diarrheal disease is still the most prevalent and important public health problem in developing countries, despite advances in knowledge, understanding, and management that have occurred over recent years. Diarrhea is the leading cause of death in children under 5 years of age. The impact of diarrheal diseases is more severe in the earliest periods of life, when taking into account both the numbers of episodes per year and hospital admission rates. This narrative review focuses on one of the major driving forces that attack the host, namely the enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and the consequences that generate malnutrition in an early phase of life. EPEC serotypes form dense microcolonies on the surface of tissue-culture cells in a pattern known as localized adherence (LA). When EPEC strains adhere to epithelial cells in vitro or in vivo they cause characteristic changes known as Attaching and Effacement (A/E) lesions. Surface abnormalities of the small intestinal mucosa shown by scanning electron microscopy in infants with persistent diarrhea, although non-specific, are intense enough to justify the severity of the clinical aspects displayed in a very young phase in life. Decrease in number and height of microvilli, blunting of borders of enterocytes, loss of the glycocalyx, shortening of villi and presence of a mucus pseudomembrane coating the mucosal surface were the abnormalities observed in the majority of patients. These ultrastructural derangements may be due to an association of the enteric enteropathogenic agent that triggers the diarrheic process and the onset of food intolerance responsible for perpetuation of diarrhea. An aggressive therapeutic approach based on appropriate nutritional support, especially the utilization of human milk and/or lactose-free protein hydrolyzate-based formulas and the adequate correction of the fecal losses, is required to allow complete recovery from the damage caused by this devastating enteropathogenic agent.

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The Use of UV Spectroscopy and SIMCA for the Authentication of Indonesian Honeys According to Botanical, Entomological and Geographical Origins

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26040915 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 915

Author(s):

Diding Suhandy ◽

Meinilwita Yulia

Keyword(s):

Spectral Data ◽

Uv Spectroscopy ◽

Moving Average ◽

Food Product ◽

Classification Method ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Food Fraud ◽

Authentication System ◽

Uv Visible

As a functional food, honey is a food product that is exposed to the risk of food fraud. To mitigate this, the establishment of an authentication system for honey is very important in order to protect both producers and consumers from possible economic losses. This research presents a simple analytical method for the authentication and classification of Indonesian honeys according to their botanical, entomological, and geographical origins using ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy and SIMCA (soft independent modeling of class analogy). The spectral data of a total of 1040 samples, representing six types of Indonesian honey of different botanical, entomological, and geographical origins, were acquired using a benchtop UV-visible spectrometer (190–400 nm). Three different pre-processing algorithms were simultaneously evaluated; namely an 11-point moving average smoothing, mean normalization, and Savitzky–Golay first derivative with 11 points and second-order polynomial fitting (ordo 2), in order to improve the original spectral data. Chemometrics methods, including exploratory analysis of PCA and SIMCA classification method, was used to classify the honey samples. A clear separation of the six different Indonesian honeys, based on botanical, entomological, and geographical origins, was obtained using PCA calculated from pre-processed spectra from 250–400 nm. The SIMCA classification method provided satisfactory results in classifying honey samples according to their botanical, entomological, and geographical origins and achieved 100% accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. Several wavelengths were identified (266, 270, 280, 290, 300, 335, and 360 nm) as the most sensitive for discriminating between the different Indonesian honey samples.

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The role of VEGF rs699947 polymorphism in End-Stage Renal Disease: A preliminary study

10.51271/kmj-0005 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 19-23

Keyword(s):

Renal Disease ◽

End Stage Renal Disease ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Turkish Population ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Important Public Health Problem ◽

Stage Renal Disease ◽

End Stage

Aim: End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) is an important public health problem worldwide with an increasing incidence and prevalence. There are many environmental and genetic factors which contribute to the development of ESRD. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been suggested to play an important role in renal pathophysiology. The aim of this study was to determine the probable relation between ESRD and VEGF gene rs699947 polymorphism in Turkish population. Material and Method: Genotyping of rs699947 was carried out in 50 ESRD patients on dialysis treatment and 30 healthy controls, using a Kompetitive Allelic-Specific PCR (KASP) method following DNA isolation. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients were recorded. Results: The prevalance of rs699947 AA genotype was found to be higher in the control group, but it was not statistically significant (p>0.05) . Conclusion: Although statistically insignificant, the frequency of AA genotype was higher in the control group compared to the case group, therefore we concluded that AA genotype may be a protective factor for ESRD in Turkish population. However, this conclusion needs to be further verified by future studies performed in larger study groups.

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