Does the application of growth bioregulators improve the foliar concentration of nutrients, non-structural carbohydrates and yield in pecan?

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Raquel Orozco Meléndez ◽  
Ofelia Adriana Hernández Rodríguez ◽  
Oscar Cruz Alvarez ◽  
Adalberto Benavides Mendoza ◽  
Marisela Calderón Jurado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Alternate Bearing ◽  
Total N ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Deciduous Fruit ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Prohexadione Calcium ◽  
Foliar Concentration

ABSTRACT Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch. is a deciduous fruit species with high economic impact and nutritional value that exhibits alternate bearing behavior. In this study, the concentration of foliar nutrients, non-structural carbohydrates and yield were evaluated in cultivar Western Schley pecan in response to the foliar application of gibberellic acid (50 mg L-1 GA3), prohexadione calcium (500 mg L-1 PCa) and thidiazuron (10 mg L-1 TDZ).The statistical analysis reveals that between agricultural cycles, the treatments showed no variation in the foliar concentration of nitrogen total (N-total), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn) and non-structural carbohydrates (fructose, glucose, sucrose and starch). However, the application of PCa showed no significant effect on the concentration of phosphorus (P) (1.5 and 1.9 g kg-1). On the other hand, the concentration of zinc (Zn) (27.0-60.1 mg kg-1) showed a significant difference between years, with no effect due to the application of growth bioregulators. The trees treated with GA3 minimized alternate bearing by presenting similar values (12.4 and 15.3 kg tree-1) of yield. Likewise, the applied treatments did not affect the nut weight per kilogram (kg) (5.5-6.8 g) and kernel percentage (56.5-60.8). These data provide a new perspective on the complex nature of alternate bearing production in cultivar Western Schley pecan and are interpreted to indicate that alternate production could be regulated by carbohydrate reserve, nutrient concentration, and gibberellins.

scholarly journals Pain, Culture and Pedagogy: A Preliminary Investigation of Attitudes Towards “Reasonable” Pain Tolerance in the Grassroots Reproduction of a Culture of Risk

2021 ◽  
pp. 003329412098809
Author(s):  
Paul K. Miller ◽  
Sophie Van Der Zee ◽  
David Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Pain Tolerance ◽  
Total N ◽  
Sporting Culture ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship

In recent years a considerable body of psychological research has explored the relationship between membership of socio-cultural groups and personal pain perception. Rather less systematic attention has, however, been accorded to how such group membership(s) might influence individual attitudes towards the pain of others. In this paper, immersion in the culture of competitive sport, widely regarded as being exaggeratedly tolerant of risky behaviours around pain, is taken as a case-in-point with students of Physical Education (PE) in tertiary education as the key focus. PE students are highly-immersed in competitive sporting culture both academically and (typically) practically, and also represent a key nexus of cross-generational transmission regarding the norms of sport itself. Their attitudes towards the pain that others should reasonably tolerate during a range of activities, sporting and otherwise, were evaluated through a direct comparison with those of peers much less immersed in competitive sporting culture. In total, N=301 (144 PE, 157 non-PE) undergraduate students in the UK responded to a vignette-based survey. Therein, all participants were required to rate the pain (on a standard 0-10 scale) at which a standardised “other” should desist engagement with a set of five defined sporting and non-sporting tasks, each with weak and strong task severities. Results indicated that PE students were significantly more likely to expect others to persevere through higher levels of pain than their non-PE peers, but only during the sport-related tasks – an effect further magnified when task severity was high. In other tasks, there was no significant difference between groups, or valence of the effect was actually reversed. It is argued that the findings underscore some extant knowledge about the relationship between acculturated attitudes to pain, while also having practical implications for understanding sport-based pedagogy, and its potentially problematic role in the ongoing reproduction of a “culture of risk.”

Automatic Registration for Navigation at the Anterior and Lateral Skull Base

2019 ◽  
Vol 128 (10) ◽  
pp. 894-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Kristin ◽  
Manuel Burggraf ◽  
Dirk Mucha ◽  
Christoph Malolepszy ◽  
Silvan Anderssohn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skull Base ◽  
Navigation System ◽  
Automatic Registration ◽  
Total N ◽  
Electromagnetic Navigation ◽  
Registration Error ◽  
Target Registration Error ◽  
Lateral Skull Base ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Electromagnetic Navigation System

Objective: Navigation systems create a connection between imaging data and intraoperative situs, allowing the surgeon to consistently determine the location of instruments and patient anatomy during the surgical procedure. The best results regarding the target registration error (measurement uncertainty) are normally demonstrated using fiducials. This study aimed at investigating a new registration strategy for an electromagnetic navigation device. Methods: For evaluation of an electromagnetic navigation system and comparison of registration with screw markers and automatic registration, we are calculating the target registration error in the region of the paranasal sinuses/anterior and lateral skull base with the use of an electromagnetic navigation system and intraoperative digital volume tomography (cone-beam computed tomography). We carried out 10 registrations on a head model (total n = 150 measurements) and 10 registrations on 4 temporal bone specimens (total n = 160 measurements). Results: All in all, the automatic registration was easy to perform. For the models that were used, a significant difference between an automatic registration and the registration on fiducials was evident for just a limited number of screws. Furthermore, the observed differences varied in terms of the preferential registration procedure. Conclusion: The automatic registration strategy seems to be an alternative to the established methods in artificial and cadaver models of intraoperative scenarios. Using intraoperative imaging, there is an option to resort to this kind of registration as needed.

scholarly journals Imagine a Proposal to Ease Holy Quran Memorizing and Retaining based on Information Processing Theory (Surat Al Hadid as an Example): تصور مقترح لتيسير حفظ الآيات القرآنية وتثبيتها في ضوء نظرية مستويات معالجة المعلومات (سورة الحديد أنموذجًا)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elhamh Yahya Hussein Al- alawi, Suad Said Ali Aldaghaishi, A
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Processing Theory ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Proposal A ◽  
Holy Quran ◽  
The Holy Quran ◽  
New Perspective

  This study aims to design a new theoretical framework to help the Holy Quran memorizers not only to memories the verses but also to retain them. This design goes in accordance with the new perspective of data processing which points to the fact that profound data processing has a great impact on remembering the verses through three major ways: Keyword Method as a code for the word to be remembered, Colour as a way to recall information as evident by a number of research studies and Story Strategy as a way to enable recalling of verses by linking the words to be remembered with an innovative story with reference to the science of event; Surat Al Hadid as an example. In order to prove the effectiveness of this proposal, a descriptive analysis and semi experimental study was conducted on a sample of Holy Quran Circle students ‘Halaqah’. 80 male and female students were divided into four groups, two experimental groups and two controlled groups. The findings of the study have demonstrated positive effect of the proposed model in ease of memorizing verses of the Holy Quran. The results show that there is a significant difference between male and female in goodness of their hafiz for favor of male group.    

scholarly journals Makro- és mikroelem-tartalom összehasonlítása almaültetvények talajában

2005 ◽  
Vol 54 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 389-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Péter Tamás Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Humus Content ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Total N ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Organic Orchards

In a three-year study carried out at the Debrecen-Pallagi nursery of the University of Debrecen, the nutrient contents, humus content and pH of the soil were determined in integrated and organic apple orchards established on brown forest soil with thin interstratified layers of colloid and sesquioxide accumulation. The organic orchard was only given organic manure (50 t/ha) in spring 2000 and 2002, while the integrated orchard was treated with 250 kg/ha complex NPK fertilizer (16.5-16.5-16.5) every year between 1997 and 2003 after the leaves had fallen. An additional 50 kg/ha N active agent as NH 4 NO 3 was applied every year, while 4 t/ha lime fertilizer (carbonation mud) was provided in autumn 2002 and 25 t/ha organic manure in November 2003. In 2004 no fertilizer was given to either orchard. The available forms of N (NO 3- , NH 4+ , organic N and total N) and P (ortho-, organic and total-PO 43- ) were determined after extraction with 0.01 M CaCl 2 , while the Ca, Mg and microelement (Mn, Cu, Zn) content of the soil was extracted with NH 4 -acetate +EDTA (Lakanen-Erviö extractant). Potassium was measured in both extractants. The results showed that the inorganic, organic and total soluble nitrogen in the soil were significantly higher (P = 0.05) in the integrated orchard than in the organic one. It was found that the quantity and ratio of the organic N fraction was comparable with that of the inorganic N forms. The ortho- phosphate and total P fractions were significantly higher (P = 0.05) in the integrated apple orchard than in the organic orchard, while there was no significant difference in the organic P quantity. The potassium data showed that both the integrated and organic orchards contained a satisfactory amount of adsorbed K in spite of the poor colloid content and high soil acidity. The Ca, Mg, Co and Zn contents of the integrated soils were significantly higher (P = 0.05) than in the organic orchard. For Mn, however, no substantial difference was found between the integrated and organic orchards. With the exception of Mn, the nutrient concentrations reflected the differences in the nutrient management of the integrated and organic apple orchards.

Impact of Exogenous Plant Growth Regulators on Physiological Traits, Tendril and Flowering in Horsegram (Macrotyloma uniflorum Lam) under Kharif Season 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sivakumar
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Mepiquat Chloride ◽  
Kharif Season ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Background: Horsegram is an important pulse crop grown as Rabi crop in Tamil Nadu. Kharif sown crop could not flowers may be because of more number of tendrils produced as compare to Rabi sown crop. Hence, an attempt was made to reduce the number of tendrils and induce flowering in horsegram during Kharif season by plant growth regulators. Methods: A field experiment was conducted to study the impact of plant growth regulators viz., salicylic acid (100 ppm), chlormequat chloride (CCC - 250 ppm), mepiquat chloride (250 ppm), tri iodo benzoic acid (TIBA - 200 ppm) and nitrobenzene (0.2%) on physiological traits and tendril growth associated with flowering in horsegram during Kharif. Different treatments were applied through foliar application at 25 Days after sowing. Result: Among the PGRs, foliar application of TIBA registered the lowest number of tendrils (2.3) followed by CCC (3.0) compared to other treatments. Higher root length of 16.8 cm and RWC of 82.3% was found in CCC treatment. CCC also registered the highest photosynthetic rate (27.15 µmol m-2 s-1), transpiration rate (18.06 mmol m-2 s-1) and lowest leaf temperature (26°C) compared to other treatments. The highest soluble protein content of 13.1 mg g-1 was also estimated in CCC treatment followed by mepiquat chloride (12.51 mg g-1). Sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activity did not show any significant difference between the treatments. Number of flowers buds formed per plant was zero and hence the flowering did not take place in any treatments. Among the plant growth regulators used, TIBA and CCC registered its positive action on reduced the number of tendrils and leaf temperature, but not enough to induce flowering under Kharif season.

P5280The impact of background phase offset errors in cardiovascular magnetic resonance phase contrast imaging: a multi-scanner study

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S C S Minderhoud ◽  
N Van Der Velde ◽  
J J Wentzel ◽  
M Attrach ◽  
P A Wielopolski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Main Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Flow Quantification ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Total N ◽  
Phase Offset ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Phase contrast (PC) CMR flow measurements (FM) are widely used for blood flow assessment, but they suffer from phase offset errors (POE). Stationary phantom correction limits these inaccuracies, however, this adds scan time. Stationary tissue (ST) correction is an alternative method that does not require additional scanning. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of POE, to assess interscanner variation, and to evaluate the ST correction usage. Methods We included 166 patients in which both aorta and main pulmonary artery FM were acquired including static gelatin phantom data. Subjects were scanned on three types of 1.5T scanners from the one vendor. Uncorrected and ST corrected FM were compared with phantom corrected FM, our reference value, and corrected for BSA. A difference of >10% in net flow was defined as clinically relevant. Regurgitation fraction was calculated and POE influences were assessed. Regurgitation severity was graded and POE influence on severity grading was assessed. Results Of the 166 cases included, the median age was 27 (5–74) years. Overall, the median difference between no corrected and phantom corrected FM was ≤6%, however, with a wide range of over- and underestimation (−155%–78% change) (figure). ST correction resulted in larger differences compared to no correction (p<0.01). Clinically significant differences were seen in 19% of all FM with no correction and in 30% of with ST correction (p<0.01). Furthermore, there were significant differences between scanners (no correction 10%, p<0.01; ST correction, p<0.01). Regurgitation severity indexing changed in 38 (11%) cases with no correction and in 48 (48%) with ST correction. Magnitude of flow change with and without offset corrections (n=332) Flow (ml/m2) Δ no correction and phantom correction (%) Δ ST correction and phantom correction (%) Clinically significant difference (>10%) Mean ± SD Median IQR Range Median IQR Range No correction, N (%) ST correction , N (%) MRI 1 (n=126) 50±12 3 0 to 6 −8 to 30 5 −3 to 9 −26 to 28 13 (10%) 34 (27%) MRI 2 (n=102) 48±13 −2 −15 to 6 −155 to 78 5 −3 to 11 −74 to 52 50 (49%) 50 (49%) MRI 3 (n=104) 48±12 −1 −1 to 0 −7 to 14 2 −2 to 5 −39 to 29 1 (1%) 16 (15%) Total (n=332) 49±12 0 −2 to 4 −155 to 78 3 −2 to 8 −74 to 52 64 (19%) 100 (30%) Conclusion Background POE have a significant impact on flow quantification and regurgitation severity. Unexpectedly, background correction using ST correction worsens accuracy compared to no correction. POE vary greatly between scanners. Therefore, careful assessment of FM at each scanner is essential to determine if routine phantom scanning is necessary.

scholarly journals Soil Application of Cow Dung with Foliar Application of Boost Extra, Effect on Growth and Yield of Okra in an Ultisol, Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Ogundare S. K. ◽  
Mohammed S. A. ◽  
Owolabi J. F.
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Soil Application ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lady’S Finger ◽  
Single Field ◽  
Pod Length

Experiments were carried out at the student’s experimental field, Kabba College of Agriculture, Horticulture section to examine the effect of soil application of cow dung combined with foliar application of boost extra on growth and yield of okra in an ultisol, Nigeria. The land was ploughed each year and harrowed with the aid of tractor mounted implements. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The treatments consisted of A = 3t/ha cow dung, B = 1.0 L/ha foliar + 2.5t/ha cow dung, C =1.5L/ha foliar + 2t/ha cow dung, D    = 2 L/ha foliar      + 1.5 t/ha cow dung, E = 2.5L/ha foliar + 1.0t/ha cow dung, F = 3t/ha foliar. Each year experiment was conducted using a single field having dimension of 35 by 14m which was laid out into three blocks with 1m guard row between blocks. Each block consists of six plots (5 by 4m) and 1m guard row between plots. Cow dung manure was applied a week before planting. Okra variety Lady’s finger was used. Three seeds per hole were planted on April 4th in both years on the flat with a spacing of 60cm x 25cm between and within the rows and later thinned to one plant per stand. Data taken included plant height at 50 % flowering, number of branches per plant, leaf area, pod length, pod diameter, number of pods per plant; and pod weight and yield (t/ha). The data were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) while the Least Significant Difference (LSD) was used to separate treatment means. The result shows that plot treated with 2.0L/ha foliar + 1.5 t/ha cow dung had the best performance in yield and yield components in this study. It is therefore recommended that okra farmers should integrated foliar fertilizer (boost extra) at the rate of 2L per hectare with cow dung at rate of 1.5t per hectare be used for okra production in the study area.

scholarly journals C-MAC Video Laryngoscope versus Conventional Direct Laryngoscopy for Endotracheal Intubation During Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byeong Chul Min ◽  
Jong Eun Park ◽  
Gun Tak Lee ◽  
Tae Rim Kim ◽  
Hee Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
Endotracheal Intubation ◽  
Direct Laryngoscopy ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Video Laryngoscope ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Total N ◽  
Significant Difference

Background and objectives: To compare the first pass success (FPS) rate of the C-MAC video laryngoscope (C-MAC) and conventional Macintosh-type direct laryngoscopy (DL) during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in the emergency department (ED). Materials and Methods: This study was a single-center, retrospective study conducted from April 2014 to July 2018. Patients were categorized into either the C-MAC or DL group, according to the device used on the first endotracheal intubation (ETI) attempt. The primary outcome was the FPS rate. A multiple logistic regression model was developed to identify factors related to the FPS. Results: A total of 573 ETIs were performed. Of the eligible cases, 263 and 310 patients were assigned to the C-MAC and DL group, respectively. The overall FPS rate was 75% (n = 431/573). The FPS rate was higher in the C-MAC group than in the DL group, but there was no statistically significant difference (total n = 431, 79% compared to 72%, p = 0.075). In the multiple logistic regression analysis, the C-MAC use had higher FPS rate (adjusted odds ratio: 1.80; 95% CI, 1.17–2.77; p = 0.007) than that of the DL use. Conclusions: The C-MAC use on the first ETI attempt during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the emergency department had a higher FPS rate than that of the DL use.

Pharmacological modulation of cortical plasticity following kainic acid lesion in rat barrel cortex

2008 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneela Darbar ◽  
Richard T. Stevens ◽  
Adnan H. Siddiqui ◽  
James S. McCasland ◽  
Charles J. Hodge
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Kainic Acid ◽  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Barrel Cortex ◽  
Optical Signal ◽  
Survival Period ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Object The brain shows remarkable capacity for plasticity in response to injury. To maximize the benefits of current neurological treatment and to minimize the impact of injury, the authors examined the ability of commonly administered drugs, dextroamphetamine (D-amphetamine) and phenytoin, to positively or negatively affect the functional recovery of the cerebral cortex following excitotoxic injury. Methods Previous work from the same laboratory has demonstrated reorganization of whisker functional responses (WFRs) in the rat barrel cortex after excitotoxic lesions were created with kainic acid (KA). In the present study, WFRs were mapped using intrinsic optical signal imaging before and 9 days after creation of the KA lesions. During the post-lesion survival period, animals were either treated with intraperitoneal D-amphetamine, phenytoin, or saline or received no treatment. Following the survival period, WFRs were again measured and compared with prelesion data. Results The findings suggest that KA lesions cause increases in WFR areas when compared with controls. Treatment with D-amphetamine further increased the WFR area (p < 0.05) while phenytoin-treated rats showed decreases in WFR areas. There was also a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) between the D-amphetamine and phenytoin groups. Conclusions These results show that 2 commonly used drugs, D-amphetamine and phenytoin, have opposite effects in the functional recovery/plasticity of injured cerebral cortex. The authors' findings emphasize the complex nature of the cortical response to injury and have implications for understanding the biology of the effects of different medications on eventual functional brain recovery.

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