scholarly journals Phenolic substances and cyanogenesis in galled and non-galled tissue of the fern species Microgramma vacciniifolia

2022 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Santos ◽  
L. A. C. Tietbohl ◽  
B. H. G. Oliveira ◽  
R. Esteves ◽  
M. G. Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Interaction ◽  
Phenolic Substance ◽  
Paper Test ◽  
Principal Coordinates Analysis ◽  
Phenol Derivatives ◽  
Principal Coordinates ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Phenolic Substances ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Galls, neo-formed plant structures that can occur in different organs, are generated by species-specific interaction with an inducing organism. Inducers manipulate the metabolism of its host. Microgramma vacciniifolia (Langsd. & Fisch.) Copel. is a Neotropical epiphytic fern that hosted two stem galls, one induced by a midge species (Diptera) and other by a micromoth species (Lepidoptera). The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of these two gall-inducing insects on the biochemistry of phenolic acids and the cyanogenesis in galls, stems and leaves of M. vacciniifolia. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) indicated a total of 14 phenol derivatives, including caffeic and coumaric acid. Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA) of the phenolic substances indicated three groups consisting (1) non-galled stems and micromoth-induced galls; (2) midge-induced galls; (3) midge-induced galls with parasitoids. Regarding the frequency of cyanogenesis assessed by the picrate paper test, the chi-squared test showed significant difference between fertile leaves (8.3%), sterile leaves (27.7%), non-galled stems (0%) and galls. Among galls, only the midge-induced galls analyzed were cyanogenic (15%). Our results indicated that the different gall-inducers (midge and micromoth) promote species-specific alterations to the phenolic substance composition of the host fern.

scholarly journals Gut microbial characteristics of adult patients with allergy rhinitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Libing Zhu ◽  
Feng Xu ◽  
Wenrong Wan ◽  
Bin Yu ◽  
Lin Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Bacterial Invasion ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Life Questionnaire ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Principal Coordinates Analysis ◽  
Principal Coordinates ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background Although recent studies have indicated that intestinal microbiota dweller are involved in the pathogenesis of allergy rhinitis (AR), the influence of gut microbiota on AR adult has not been fully elucidated yet. Hence, we carried out this study to uncover the distinctive bacterial taxa that differentiate allergy rhinitis patients from healthy individuals. Feces samples from thirty three AR patients and thirty one healthy individuals were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results Results showed that the bacterial diversity in AR group was significantly higher than that of the non-AR group. Bacterial communities between AR and non-AR group were significantly differentiated as revealed by Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) and the variation within non-AR were higher than that of the counterpart. Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria and Chloroflexi were the significantly differed phyla taxa and the top significantly distinguished bacterial genus included Prevotella_9, Phascolarctobacterium, Roseburia, Megamonas, Alistipes, Lachnoclostridium and Fusobacterium. The higher network complexity in AR group were dominated by taxa belonging to Firmicutes. The predicted function, alpha linolenic acid metabolism and bacterial invasion of epithelial cells pathway were higher in non-AR group while gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) signaling pathway, Fc γ-R mediated phagocytosis and endocytosis were higher in AR patients. Although the bacterial diversity between moderate and severe AR patients showed no significant difference, the significant correlation between featured genus and total nasal symptom score or rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire, such as Butyricicoccus and Eisenbergiella, revealed the potential to intervene the AR status by means of gut microbiota. Conclusions In conclusion, patients with allergy rhinitis had distinguished gut microbiota characteritics in comparison with healthy controls. The results suggest that gut microbiota might play crucial roles in influencing the course and different symptoms of AR. Trial registration ChiCTR, ChiCTR1900028613. Registered 29 December 2019, https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=47650.

scholarly journals The Impact of NOD2 Genetic Variants on the Gut Mycobiota in Crohn’s Disease Patients in Remission and in Individuals Without Gastrointestinal Inflammation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Nelson ◽  
Christopher J Stewart ◽  
Nicholas A Kennedy ◽  
John K Lodge ◽  
Mark Tremelling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Mucosal Inflammation ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Principal Coordinates Analysis ◽  
Principal Coordinates ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background and Aims Historical and emerging data implicate fungi in Crohn’s disease [CD] pathogenesis. However, a causal link between mycobiota, dysregulated immunity, and any impact of NOD2 variants remains elusive. This study aims to evaluate associations between NOD2 variants and faecal mycobiota in CD patients and non-CD subjects. Methods Faecal samples were obtained from 34 CD patients [18 NOD2 mutant, 16 NOD2 wild-type] identified from the UK IBD Genetics Consortium. To avoid confounding influence of mucosal inflammation, CD patients were in clinical remission and had a faecal calprotectin <250 μg/g; 47 non-CD subjects were included as comparator groups, including 22 matched household [four NOD2 mutant] and 25 non-household subjects with known NOD2 genotype [14 NOD2 mutant] identified by the NIHR BioResource Cambridge. Faecal mycobiota composition was determined using internal transcribed spacer 1 [ITS1] sequencing and was compared with 16S rRNA gene sequences and volatile organic compounds. Results CD was associated with higher numbers of fungal observed taxonomic units [OTUs] [p = 0.033]. Principal coordinates analysis using Jaccard index [p = 0.018] and weighted Bray-Curtis dissimilarities [p = 0.01] showed Candida spp. clustered closer to CD patients whereas Cryptococcus spp. clustered closer to non-CD. In CD, we found higher relative abundance of Ascomycota [p = 0.001] and lower relative abundance Basidiomycota [p = 0.019] phyla. An inverse relationship was found between bacterial and fungal Shannon diversity in NOD2 wild-type which was independent of CD [r = -0.349; p = 0.029]. Conclusions This study confirms compositional changes in the gut mycobiota in CD and provides evidence that fungi may play a role in CD pathogenesis. No NOD2 genotype-specific differences were observed in the faecal mycobiota.

scholarly journals Oral Ferric Maltol Does Not Adversely Affect the Intestinal Microbiome of Patients or Mice, But Ferrous Sulphate Does

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2269
Author(s):  
Awad Mahalhal ◽  
Alessandra Frau ◽  
Michael D. Burkitt ◽  
Umer Z. Ijaz ◽  
Christopher A. Lamb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ferrous Sulphate ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Dextran Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Principal Coordinates Analysis ◽  
Statistical Inferences ◽  
Principal Coordinates ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Measurable Change

Background and Aims: Altering dietary ferrous sulphate (FS) consumption exacerbates a murine model of colitis and alters the intestinal microbiome. We investigated the impact of oral ferric maltol (FM) and FS on mice with dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) induced colitis, and the microbiome of patients with iron deficiency. Methods: Mice had acute colitis induced, with 2% DSS for 5 days, followed by water. During this period, groups of mice were fed standard chow (200 ppm iron, SC, n = 8), or SC with 200ppm FS supplementation (n = 16, FSS), or SC with 200 ppm FM supplementation (n = 16, FMS). Clinical, pathological and microbiome assessments were compared at days 1 and 10. Fecal bacterial gDNA was extracted and the microbiome assessed by sequencing. Statistical inferences were made using MacQIIME. Principal Coordinates Analysis were used to visualize beta-diversity cluster analysis. Ten patients with IDA were treated with FS, and six with inactive inflammatory bowel disease received FM, supplements for four weeks: pre- and mid-treatment fecal samples were collected: the microbiome was assessed (see above). Results: In mice, after DSS treatment, there was a decrease in many genera in the SC and FSS groups: Lactobacillales increased in mice that received FMS. In humans, FS treatment led to an increase in five genera, but FM was not associated with any measurable change. The severity of DSS-induced colitis was greater with FSS than FMS. Conclusions: This study demonstrates differential and unique influences of ferric maltol and ferrous sulphate supplements on intestinal microbiota. These differences might contribute to the different side effects associated with these preparations.

Impact of mode of delivery on the milk microbiota composition of healthy women

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Cabrera-Rubio ◽  
L. Mira-Pascual ◽  
A. Mira ◽  
M. C. Collado
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Principal Coordinates Analysis ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Principal Coordinates ◽  
Vaginal Deliveries ◽  
The Impact

Breast milk constitutes one of the most important sources of postnatal microbes. However, the influence of perinatal factors on the milk microbiome is still poorly understood. The aim of our study was to assess the impact of mode of delivery on the microbiome composition and diversity present in breast milk of healthy mothers. Mature milk samples (n=10) were taken from mothers after 1 month of exclusively breastfeeding. Microbiomes from milk samples were analyzed with 16S ribosomal RNA gene pyrosequencing and targeted quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Despite inter-individual variability in bacterial composition, The Principal Coordinates Analysis clearly separated milk microbiome from mothers with vaginal delivery (n=6) from those who undergo C-section (n=4). In addition, higher bacterial diversity and richness was found in milk samples from vaginal deliveries. Quantitative PCR data showed that higher levels of Bifidobacterium spp. were related significantly to lower levels of Staphylococcus spp. Despite the low sample size, our data suggest that mode of delivery has an important impact on milk microbiome composition. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm these results and to understand the biological effects of C-section associated microbes on infant’s health.

scholarly journals A new insight into acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children: influences of changed intestinal microfloras

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolin Gao ◽  
Ruixue Miao ◽  
Yiping Zhu ◽  
Chao Lin ◽  
Xue Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Species Classification ◽  
Principal Coordinates Analysis ◽  
Principal Coordinates ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Previous studies have shown that changes in intestinal microfloras are associated with both gastrointestinal (GI) and non-GI tumors. It is not clear whether there is an association between GI microflora changes and hematological malignancies. Methods In the current study, we used 16S rDNA gene sequencing techniques to profile the GI microbiome in children with lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL, n = 18) and matched healthy control (n = 18). Using multiple specialized software [Heatmap, Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA), Claster and Metastates], we analyzed the sequencing data for microfloral species classification, abundance and diversity. Results A total of 27 genera between the ALL and control groups (FDR ≤ 0.05 and/or P ≤ 0.05) showed significantly different abundance between ALL patients and healthy controls: 12 of them were predominant in healthy group and other 15 species were significantly higher in ALL group. In addition, we compared the abundance and diversity of microfloral species in ALL patients prior to and during remission stage after chemotherapy, and no significant difference was detected. Conclusions Compared to healthy controls, ALL patient showed significant changes of GI microfloras. Further explorations of the intestinal micro-ecology in ALL patients may provide important information to understand relationship between microfloras and ALL.

Abstract P214: Shotgun Metagenomic Analysis of Fecal Microbiome Reveals Profound Functional Differences in Patients with Hypertension

Hypertension ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seungbum Kim ◽  
Elaine M Richards ◽  
Yanfei Qi ◽  
Mohammed Mohammed ◽  
Eileen M Handberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Web Applications ◽  
Metagenomic Analysis ◽  
Principal Coordinates Analysis ◽  
Kinase Gene ◽  
Shotgun Metagenomics ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Principal Coordinates ◽  
Significant Difference

Objectives: Recent studies have implicated changes of the gut pathology and altered microbiome in the animals of various hypertension models. However, these relationships in human hypertension are poorly understood. Thus, our objectives in this study was to test the hypothesis that microbiome from hypertensive patients (HTN) would be taxonomically and functionally differ from those of normotensive subjects. Design and Method: Fecal samples were collected from HTN (n=22, mean SBP 155.8±3.4mmHg) and reference subjects without hypertension (REF) (n=18, mean SBP 121.1±1.5mmHg) (see ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02188381 for detailed protocol). Gut microbiomes were analyzed using shotgun metagenomics and the USEARCH6.1 algorithm for OTU clustering. Taxonomy was assigned with Metaphlan. Qiime, Phyloseq and Galaxy web applications were used to further analyze the data. Results: Two beta diversity measures, principal coordinates analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis, showed significantly different microbiome composition between the two groups (ANOSIM p=0.012). A heatmap based on significantly enriched functional genes from each cohort (P<0.05) also showed clustering of samples by group. Metagenomic analysis showed that the butyrate kinase gene and the abundance of butyrate producing bacteria were negatively correlated with SBP (R 2 =0.10 and P<0.05 for both). Additionally, functional analysis showed that HEME biosynthesis and hydroxyphenylacetate degradation were decreased in the HTN cohort (LDA score 2.15 and 1.95 respectively) suggesting inefficient nitric oxide synthesis and polyphenol digestion in HTN patients. Conclusions: 1) Significant difference in taxa of HTN from REF was observed. 2) Microbial genes linked to butyrate, nitric oxide and polyphenol were significantly decreased in HTN. Gene products of all these were shown to have important implications in cardiovascular diseases. Thus, our observations suggest that targeting of gut and its microbiota can offer a novel strategy for hypertension control.

Measuring Impact of Stress in Sandwich Generation Caring for Demented Parents

GeroPsych ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 171-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence M. Solberg ◽  
Lauren B. Solberg ◽  
Emily N. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Social Worker ◽  
Resource Availability ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sandwich Generation ◽  
Item Questionnaire ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Adult Caregivers ◽  
The Impact

Stress in caregivers may affect the healthcare recipients receive. We examined the impact of stress experienced by 45 adult caregivers of their elderly demented parents. The participants completed a 32-item questionnaire about the impact of experienced stress. The questionnaire also asked about interventions that might help to reduce the impact of stress. After exploratory factor analysis, we reduced the 32-item questionnaire to 13 items. Results indicated that caregivers experienced stress, anxiety, and sadness. Also, emotional, but not financial or professional, well-being was significantly impacted. There was no significant difference between the impact of caregiver stress on members from the sandwich generation and those from the nonsandwich generation. Meeting with a social worker for resource availability was identified most frequently as a potentially helpful intervention for coping with the impact of stress.

Implicit and explicit corrective feedback and feedback exposure conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-48
Author(s):  
Takehiro Iizuka ◽  
Kimi Nakatsukasa
Keyword(s):  
Explicit Knowledge ◽  
Corrective Feedback ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Oral Corrective Feedback ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Picture Description ◽  
Potential Factors ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Instructional Settings ◽  
The Impact

This exploratory study examined the impact of implicit and explicit oral corrective feedback (CF) on the development of implicit and explicit knowledge of Japanese locative particles (activity de, movement ni and location ni) for those who directly received CF and those who observed CF in the classroom. Thirty-six college students in a beginning Japanese language course received either recast (implicit), metalinguistic (explicit) or no feedback during an information-gap picture description activity, and completed a timed picture description test (implicit knowledge) and an untimed grammaticality judgement test (explicit knowledge) in a pre-test, immediate post-test and delayed post-test. The results showed that overall there was no significant difference between CF types, and that CF benefited direct and indirect recipients similarly. Potential factors that might influence the effectiveness of CF, such as instructional settings, complexity of target structures and pedagogy styles, are discussed.

Reducing the Social Stigma Associated with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: A Controlled Trial of an Intervention Program in a Turkish Community Sample

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-120
Author(s):  
Ayça Aktaç Gürbüz ◽  
Orçun YORULMAZ ◽  
Gülşah DURNA
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Case Vignette ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Scientific research into the reduction of stigmatization, particularly related to specific problems such as Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), is scarce. In the present study, we examine the impact of a video-based antistigma intervention program for OCD in a pretest-posttest control group research. After being randomly assigned to either an intervention (n= 101) or control group (n= 96), the participants reported their attitudes on a hypothetical case vignette before and after OCD vs. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) videos, and again six months later as a follow up assessment. The mixed design analyses for the group comparisons indicated that although there was no significant difference in the measures of the control group, the participants watching the anti-stigma OCD video, in which the focus was psychoeducation and interaction strategies, reported significantly lower scores on social distances and negative beliefs for the case vignettes they read, and this difference was maintained six months later. Then, the present results indicate the effectiveness of our anti-stigma intervention program for OCD. Interventions to reduce stigmatization can also be viewed as effective tools for changing the attitudes of people toward OCD, although further research and applications are needed related to specific disorders if a longlasting impact is to be achieved.

Antecedents And Outcomes Of Qwl Among Employees In Banks

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (7) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Geethanjali N ◽  
Parveen Roja M ◽  
Lavanya D
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Climate ◽  
Job Stress ◽  
Work Life ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Quality Of Work Life ◽  
Quality Of Work ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Service Productivity ◽  
The Impact

Quality of work life is the major factor to be considered in working environment of any organization. The performance of employees and the organization lies on the ability of the employees based on working environment. The QWL leads to better working environment which improves the performance of organization. The present study has made an attempt to find the level of factors causing QWL and the impact of outcome of QWL in banks. Since the profile of the banks may be associated with the level of outcomes of QWL, the present study has made an attempt to examine it with the help of one way analysis of variance and t-test. The included outcomes of QWL are job satisfaction, job stress, organizational climate, organizational commitment, employees retention behaviour, service quality employees and service productivity of employees. The highly associated determinants of QWL and the significant difference among the PUSBs and PRSBs have been noticed. The significantly associating important profiles of the banks regarding the existence of outcome of QWL are identified.

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