scholarly journals Anatomopathological findings of Testudines necropsied in the Distrito Federal, Brazil

2022 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uilton G. Santos ◽  
Cintia R.R. Queiroz ◽  
Líria Q.L. Hirano ◽  
Maria V.B. Santos ◽  
Ana K.S. Cavalcante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Inflammatory Disorders ◽  
Podocnemis Expansa ◽  
Distrito Federal ◽  
Conclusive Diagnosis ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Environmental Agencies

ABSTRACT: In order to determine the main anatomopathological findings of Testudines necropsied in the Distrito Federal, all necropsy records performed at the “Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária” of the “Universidade de Brasília” (LPV-UnB) on Testudines during the period from January 2008 to July 2020 were reviewed. The 72 cases reviewed were grouped and classified according to species, sex, origin, season of occurrence, and diagnosis. In 69.44% of the cases the species was informed in the necropsy protocols, which included Phrynops geoffroanus (38%), Trachemys dorbigni (36%), Chelonoidis carbonaria (14%), Chelonoidis denticulata (10%) and Podocnemis expansa (2%). In 30.55% of the cases this parameter was not informed and were classified only as Testudines. In 41.66% of the cases the sex was informed, being female 22.22%, male 19.44%, and 58.33% were not informed. Of these animals 79.16% were from environmental agencies and 20.84% from zoos and/or guardians. In 70.83% of the animals analyzed they were directly related to the autumn and winter seasons, with June being the most frequent month (29.17%). The conclusive diagnosis was possible in 68.05% of the cases. The category of disorders caused by injurious agents (48.97%) was the most prevalent, followed by inflammatory disorders (32.65%) and nutritional and metabolic disorders (28.57%). The main diagnoses were carapace and/or plastron fracture with 30.61%, hepatic steatosis (20.40%) and pneumonia (10.22%). Most cases of carapace or plastron fracture and hepatic steatosis occurred in animals from environmental agencies.

Edible Red Seaweed Campylaephora Hypnaeoides J. Agardh Alleviates Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders in Mice by Suppressing Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeru Murakami ◽  
Chihiro Hirazawa ◽  
Rina Yoshikawa ◽  
Toshiki Mizutani ◽  
Takuma Ohya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Raw264.7 Cells ◽  
Edible Seaweed

Abstract Background: The obesity epidemic has become a serious public health problem in many countries worldwide. Seaweed has few calories and is rich in active nutritional components necessary for health promotion and disease prevention. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the Campylaephora hypnaeoides J. Agardh (C. hypnaeoides), an edible seaweed traditionally eaten in Japan, on high-fat (HF) diet-induced obesity and related metabolic diseases in mice.Methods: Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into the following groups: normal diet group, HF diet group, HF diet supplemented with 2% C. hypnaeoides, and HF diet supplemented with 6% C. hypnaeoides. After 13 weeks of treatment, the weight of the white adipose tissue and liver, and the serum levels of glucose, insulin, adipokines, and lipids were measured. Hepatic levels of adipokines, oxidant markers, and antioxidant markers were also determined. Insulin resistance was assessed by a glucose tolerance test. Polysaccharides of C. hypnaeoides were purified and their molecular weight was determined by high-performance seize exclusion chromatography. The anti-inflammatory effects of purified polysaccharides were evaluated in RAW264.7 cells. Results: Treatment of HF diet-induced obese mice with C. hypnaeoides for 13 weeks suppressed the increase in body weight and white adipose tissue weight. It also ameliorated insulin resistance, diabetes, hepatic steatosis, and hypercholesterolemia. The ingestion of an HF diet increased serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-a), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), while it decreased serum adiponectin levels. In the liver, an HF diet markedly increased the MDA, TNF-a, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, while it decreased glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). These metabolic changes induced by HF diet feeding were ameliorated by dietary C. hypnaeoides. Purified polysaccharides and ethanol extract from C. hypnaeoides inhibited the lipopolysaccharide-induced overproduction of nitric oxide and TNF-a in macrophage RAW264.7 cells. Conclusions: The present results indicated that C. hypnaeoides was able to alleviate HF diet-induced metabolic disorders, including obesity, diabetes, hepatic steatosis, and hypercholesterolemia by attenuating inflammation and improving the antioxidant capacity in mice. Polysaccharides and polyphenols may be involved in these beneficial effects of C. hypnaeoides.

scholarly journals Disrupting phosphatase SHP2 in macrophages protects mice from high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance by elevating IL-18 levels

2020 ◽  
Vol 295 (31) ◽  
pp. 10842-10856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Liu ◽  
Ye Yin ◽  
Meijing Wang ◽  
Ting Fan ◽  
Yuyu Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Caspase 1

Chronic low-grade inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Src homology 2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase-2 (SHP2) has been reported to play diverse roles in different tissues during the development of metabolic disorders. We previously reported that SHP2 inhibition in macrophages results in increased cytokine production. Here, we investigated the association between SHP2 inhibition in macrophages and the development of metabolic diseases. Unexpectedly, we found that mice with a conditional SHP2 knockout in macrophages (cSHP2-KO) have ameliorated metabolic disorders. cSHP2-KO mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) gained less body weight and exhibited decreased hepatic steatosis, as well as improved glucose intolerance and insulin sensitivity, compared with HFD-fed WT littermates. Further experiments revealed that SHP2 deficiency leads to hyperactivation of caspase-1 and subsequent elevation of interleukin 18 (IL-18) levels, both in vivo and in vitro. Of note, IL-18 neutralization and caspase-1 knockout reversed the amelioration of hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance observed in the cSHP2-KO mice. Administration of two specific SHP2 inhibitors, SHP099 and Phps1, improved HFD-induced hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance. Our findings provide detailed insights into the role of macrophagic SHP2 in metabolic disorders. We conclude that pharmacological inhibition of SHP2 may represent a therapeutic strategy for the management of type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Long-term baicalin administration ameliorates metabolic disorders and hepatic steatosis in rats given a high-fat diet

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 1505-1512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-xia Guo ◽  
Dai-hua Liu ◽  
Ying Ma ◽  
Jin-feng Liu ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
High Fat

scholarly journals Oral Administration of Oleuropein and Its Semisynthetic Peracetylated Derivative Prevents Hepatic Steatosis, Hyperinsulinemia, and Weight Gain in Mice Fed with High Fat Cafeteria Diet

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saverio Massimo Lepore ◽  
Valeria Maria Morittu ◽  
Marilena Celano ◽  
Francesca Trimboli ◽  
Manuela Oliverio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Olive Tree ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Growth Inhibitory ◽  
Growth Inhibitory Activity

The high consumption of olive tree products in the Mediterranean diet has been associated with a lower incidence of metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases. In particular, the protective effects of olive oil have been attributed to the presence of polyphenols such as oleuropein (Ole) and its derivatives. We have synthesized a peracetylated derivative of Ole (Ac-Ole) which has shownin vitroantioxidant and growth-inhibitory activity higher than the natural molecule. In this study, male C57BL/6JOlaHsd mice were fed with a standard (std), cafeteria (caf) diet, and caf diet supplemented with Ole (0.037 mmol/kg/day) and Ac-Ole (0.025 mmol/kg/day) for 15 weeks. We observed a significant reduction in the caf diet-induced body weight gain and increase of abdominal adipose tissue. Also, Ole and Ac-Ole prevented the development of hepatic steatosis. Finally, Ole and Ac-Ole determined a lower increase of HDL and LDL-cholesterol levels and corrected caf diet-induced elevation of plasma glucose concentrations by improving insulin sensitivity. The observed beneficial properties of Ole and Ac-Ole make these compounds and in particular Ac-Ole promising candidates for a potential pharmaceutic use in metabolic disorders.

scholarly journals Alisol A 24-Acetate Prevents Hepatic Steatosis and Metabolic Disorders in HepG2 Cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 453-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Zeng ◽  
WaiJiao Tang ◽  
JinJin Yin ◽  
LiJuan Feng ◽  
Yabing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Group Model ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Oil Red O

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely associated with metabolic disorders including hepatic lipid accumulation and inflammation. Alisol A 24-acetate, a triterpene from Alismatis rhizome, has multiple biologic activities such as hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic. Thus we hypothesized that Alisol A 24 -acetate would have effect on NAFLD. The present study was conducted to investigate the therapeutic effects and potential mechanisms of Alisol A 24-acetate against hepatic steatosis in a free fatty acids (FFAs) induced NAFLD cell model. Methods: This study was divided into four groups including Control group, Model group (FFA group), Alisol A 24-acetate (FFA+A) group, Fenofibrate (FFA+F) group. Preventive role of Alisol A 24-acetate was evaluated using 10µM Alisol A 24-acetate plus 1 mM FFA (oleate:palmitate=2:1) incubated with HepG2 cells for 24 h, which was determined by Oil Red O Staining, Oil Red O based colorimetric assay and intracellular triglyceride (TG) content. Besides, the inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- α, interleukin (IL)-6 levels as well as the protein and mRNA expressions that were involved in fatty acid synthesis and oxidation including Adiponectin, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α, sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) and acyl coenzyme A oxidase 1 (ACOX1) were detected. Results: Alisol A 24-acetate significantly decreased the numbers of lipid droplets, Oil Red O lipid content, and intracellular TG content. Besides, inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 levels were markedly inhibited by Alisol A 24-acetate. Furthermore, Alisol A 24-acetate effectively increased the protein and mRNA expressions of Adiponectin, the phosphorylation of AMPKα, CPT1 and ACOX1, whereas decreased SREBP-1c, the phosphorylation of ACC and FAS at both protein and mRNA levels. However, there was no significant effect on the protein and mRNA expressions of PPARα by Alisol A 24-acetate. Conclusions: These results demonstrated that Alisol A 24-acetate effectively ameliorated hepatic steatosis likely through Adiponectin, which activated AMPKα signaling pathways via down-regulating SREBP-1c, ACC, FAS and up-regulating CPT1 and ACOX1, and inhibited inflammation. Thereby, Alisol A 24-acetate could be a promising candidate for the treatment of NAFLD.

scholarly journals Effects of vitamin D deficiency on the improvement of metabolic disorders in obese mice after vertical sleeve gastrectomy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Min Feng ◽  
Lisha Pan ◽  
Feng Wang ◽  
Pengfei Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes

AbstractVertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) is one of the most commonly performed clinical bariatric surgeries for the remission of obesity and diabetes. Its effects include weight loss, improved insulin resistance, and the improvement of hepatic steatosis. Epidemiologic studies demonstrated that vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is associated with many diseases, including obesity. To explore the role of vitamin D in metabolic disorders for patients with obesity after VSG. We established a murine model of diet-induced obesity + VDD, and we performed VSGs to investigate VDD's effects on the improvement of metabolic disorders present in post-VSG obese mice. We observed that in HFD mice, the concentration of VitD3 is four fold of HFD + VDD one. In the post-VSG obese mice, VDD attenuated the improvements of hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance, intestinal inflammation and permeability, the maintenance of weight loss, the reduction of fat loss, and the restoration of intestinal flora that were weakened. Our results suggest that in post-VSG obese mice, maintaining a normal level of vitamin D plays an important role in maintaining the improvement of metabolic disorders.

scholarly journals Scolymus hispanicus (Golden Thistle) Ameliorates Hepatic Steatosis and Metabolic Syndrome by Reducing Lipid Accumulation, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation in Rats under Hyperfatty Diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Sihem Berdja ◽  
Lynda Boudarene ◽  
Leila Smail ◽  
Samia Neggazi ◽  
Saliha Boumaza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Lipid Lowering

Background. Lipotoxicity is characterized by a metabolic disturbance leading to the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Some medicinal plant extracts exert hepatoprotective activity by modulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolic disorders. Scolymus hispanicus or the golden thistle can be considered an important natural source of antioxidants. In traditional medicine, the consumption of this plant is recommended for diseases of the liver and intestines. Objective. In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of Scolymus hispanicus on a hyperfatty diet- (HFD-) induced metabolic disorders, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Materials and Methods. Our experiment focused on the administration of an HFD (40%) in Rattus norvegicus for 2 months and treatment with the aqueous extract of Scolymus hispanicus at a rate of 100 mg/kg during the last eight days of experimentation. In this context, several aspects were studied: the evaluation of blood biochemical parameters, liver function such as lipids and glycogen, markers of oxidative stress (TBARS, carbonyl proteins, advanced oxidation proteins, catalase, and SOD) and inflammation (NO and NFkB), morphological study of hepatocytes in primary culture, and histological study of the liver. Results. Lipotoxicity induced metabolic disorders, both serum and tissue. HFD induced an increase in the total lipids and a decrease in glycogen reserve and an alteration in the oxidant-antioxidant balance. HFD induced an increase in markers of liver damage, which resulted in NAFLD, confirmed by histological study and hepatocytes cell culture. Scolymus appears to have lipid-lowering, hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. It improved glucose tolerance and the condition of fatty liver disease. Conclusion. Golden thistle improves glucose tolerance and hyperlipidemia and ameliorates hepatic steatosis by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and lipid accumulation. Its incorporation into a dietary program or as an aliment supplement would prevent hepatic complications associated with an HFD.

scholarly journals Chronic intake of a high-cholesterol diet resulted in hepatic steatosis, focal nodular hyperplasia and fibrosis in non-obese mice

2009 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 378-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maho Sumiyoshi ◽  
Masahiro Sakanaka ◽  
Yoshiyuki Kimura
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Focal Nodular Hyperplasia ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
High Cholesterol Diet ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
Monocyte Chemoattractant ◽  
Nodular Hyperplasia

We investigated the effects of a high-cholesterol (HC) diet administered long term (25 or 55 weeks) on metabolic disorders including hepatic damage in mice. The mice were fed the HC diet (15 % milk fat, 1·5 % cholesterol and 0·1 % cholic acid, w/w) for 25 or 55 weeks. Body and adipose tissue weights were similar to those of mice fed a control diet. Consumption of the HC diet long term resulted in hypercholesterolaemia, hepatic steatosis and gallstones. In addition, focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) and mild fibrosis of the liver developed in all mice fed the HC diet for 55 weeks. Plasma levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 were elevated, and the level of hepatic platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-B protein was increased in mice fed the HC diet compared with those fed the control diet. Thus, it seems likely that the liver fibrosis and FNH caused by the long-term consumption of a HC diet may be partly due to an elevation of plasma MCP-1 and hepatic PDGF expression.

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