scholarly journals GENETIC DIVERGENCE IN POPULATIONS OF Caryocar brasiliense Camb. FROM THE PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FRUITS

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Henrique Rodrigues dos Santos ◽  
Samuel Cunha Oliveira Giordani ◽  
Blenda Calazans Soares ◽  
Fernando Higino Lima e Silva ◽  
Elizabethe Adriana Esteves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Hierarchical Classification ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Caryocar Brasiliense ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT The study of the genetic and phenotypic variability of the populations of Caryocar brasiliense Camb. assists in strategies for conservation and breeding of the specie. The objective of this work was to characterize the genetic diversity through the physical characteristics of pequi fruits of two populations through uni and multivariate analysis, as well as the implications in their domestication and breeding. Fruits were harvested from 20 mother trees (ten fruits per mother tree) from two populations in the state of Minas Gerais (Curvelo and São Gonçalo do Rio Preto Municipalities) during the years 2010, 2011 and 2012. The data were submitted to analysis of variance using a hierarchical classification model. An analysis of clusters and main components was used for studying the divergences. The effects of the populations were not significant for all the characters analyzed in isolation. The gathering of pequi mother trees shown by multivariate analysis did not correspond to the grouping established by the populations. Selection for breeding and/or preservation purposes should concentrate efforts on fewer populations with larger numbers of mother trees per population. Selection of mother trees with higher fruits and thicker pulp fruits among them, even by visual evaluations only, is recommend in sampling mother trees for breeding purposes.

scholarly journals Correlations and path analysis for yield components in irrigated rice

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-161
Author(s):  
Eduardo Anibele Streck ◽  
Gabriel Almeida Aguiar ◽  
Paulo Henrique Karling Facchinello ◽  
Lais Perin ◽  
Tuise Kuhn Krüger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Path Analysis ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Agronomic Characters ◽  
Complex Character ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Selection Of

Grain yield of irrigated rice is a complex character resulting from the expression and association of different components, which should be considered by the breeder for an efficient process of selection of new genotypes. In this sense, the objective is to highlight the phenotypic correlations and the direct and indirect associations of the main components related to crop yield via path analysis. The experiment was carried out in an experimental field of the Lowlands Station of Embrapa Clima Temperado using six genotypes of irrigated rice: the cultivars BRS Pampa, BRS IRGA 409, BRS 7 ‘Taim’, BRS Sinuelo CL, BRS Pampeira and AB 10101 CL. The agronomic characters evaluated were grain yield, days to flowering, panicle length, panicle mass, number of fertile spikelets, number of sterile spikelets, number of tillers per plant, number of panicles per square meter, and mass of one thousand grains. The number of fertile spikelets, number of panicles per square meter, panicle mass and mass of one thousand grains influenced grain yield, both through phenotypic correlation and direct effects. In addition, there was a high direct linear tendency of these variables towards yield. Panicle length and number of sterile spikelets showed a potential of use in the indirect selection for grain yield.

A Study of the Effect of Ship Size on Components Selection for an LNG Carrier

2012 ◽  
Vol 152-154 ◽  
pp. 1664-1669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoolfakar Md Redzuan ◽  
Norman Rose ◽  
Mesbahi Ehsan
Keyword(s):  
Ship Design ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Operational Costs ◽  
Ship Owner ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Level Of Effort ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Main Strategy

The primary aim of any business is to maximise profit for a given level of effort. This is equally true for liquefied natural gas (LNG) transportation in which any possible reduction in capital and operational costs will attract the attention of the ship-owner. The main strategy for achieving this is to select the optimal combination of the main components of the vessel based on a given objective. There are no fixed regulations or formulae that need to be applied in selecting the combination of components; however several techniques have been developed over the years to assist with the process of ship design, such as the ship design spiral. The decision making processes for the selection of these main components need to be implemented at a preliminary stage because once these main components have been identified, the overall costs will be established and will be constrained over the ship’s life span. Modifications may be made to the selected components at a later stage, however this would come at a considerable cost and would incur significant programme delay because it is not simply a matter of buying a new component, it may also involve a significant re-arrangement of the ship’s layout in order to accommodate the new component. This would therefore, require the ship owner to fund both additional capital costs as well as the ongoing operational costs. This paper focuses on the effect of ship size on the selection of components for an LNG carrier.

Identifying Measurement Invariant Item Sets in Cross-Cultural Settings Using an Automated Item Selection Procedure

Methodology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 177-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Schultze ◽  
Michael Eid
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Selection Procedure ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Item Selection ◽  
Ant System ◽  
Item Quality ◽  
Ant System Algorithm ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract. In the construction of scales intended for the use in cross-cultural studies, the selection of items needs to be guided not only by traditional criteria of item quality, but has to take information about the measurement invariance of the scale into account. We present an approach to automated item selection which depicts the process as a combinatorial optimization problem and aims at finding a scale which fulfils predefined target criteria – such as measurement invariance across cultures. The search for an optimal solution is performed using an adaptation of the [Formula: see text] Ant System algorithm. The approach is illustrated using an application to item selection for a personality scale assuming measurement invariance across multiple countries.

ESTIMASI NILAI HERITABILITAS BOBOT IKAN MAS VARIETAS PUNTEN DALAM PROGRAM SELEKSI INDIVIDU

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Estu Nugroho ◽  
Budi Setyono ◽  
Mochammad Su’eb ◽  
Tri Heru Prihadi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Selection Response ◽  
Base Population ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Body Weight Trait ◽  
Population Selection ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Weight Trait ◽  
Selection Of

Program pemuliaan ikan mas varietas Punten dilakukan dengan seleksi individu terhadap karakter bobot ikan. Pembentukan populasi dasar untuk kegiatan seleksi dilakukan dengan memijahkan secara massal induk ikan mas yang terdiri atas 20 induk betina dan 21 induk jantan yang dikoleksi dari daerah Punten, Kepanjen (delapan betina dan enam jantan), Kediri (tujuh betina dan 12 jantan), Sragen (27 betina dan 10 jantan), dan Blitar (15 betina dan 11 jantan). Larva umur 10 hari dipelihara selama empat bulan. Selanjutnya dilakukan penjarangan sebesar 50% dan benih dipelihara selama 14 bulan untuk dilakukan seleksi dengan panduan hasil sampling 250 ekor individu setiap populasi. Seleksi terhadap calon induk dilakukan saat umur 18 bulan pada populasi jantan dan betina secara terpisah dengan memilih berdasarkan 10% bobot ikan yang terbaik. Calon induk yang terseleksi kemudian dipelihara hingga matang gonad, kemudian dipilih sebanyak 150 pasang dan dipijahkan secara massal. Didapatkan respons positif dari hasil seleksi berdasarkan bobot ikan, yaitu 49,89 g atau 3,66% (populasi ikan jantan) dan 168,47 g atau 11,43% (populasi ikan betina). Nilai heritabilitas untuk bobot ikan adalah 0,238 (jantan) dan 0,505 (betina).Punten carp breeding programs were carried out by individual selection for body weight trait. The base population for selection activities were conducted by mass breeding of parent consisted of 20 female and 21 male collected from area Punten, eight female and six male (Kepanjen), seven female and 12 male (Kediri), 27 female and 10 male (Sragen), 15 female and 11 male (Blitar). Larvae 10 days old reared for four moths. Then after spacing out 50% of total harvest, the offspring reared for 14 months for selection activity based on the sampling of 250 individual each population. Selection of broodstock candidates performed since 18 months age on male and female populations separately by selecting based on 10% of fish with best body weight. Candidates selected broodstocks were then maintained until mature. In oder to produce the next generation 150 pairs were sets and held for mass spawning. The results revealed that selection response were positive, 49.89 g (3.66%) for male and 168.47 (11.43%) for female. Heritability for body weight is 0.238 (male) and 0.505 (female).

Evaluation of Large-Sunflower Lines of Sunflower on Quantitative Morphological Traits

2020 ◽  
pp. 46-55
Keyword(s):  
Fertility Restoration ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Oilseed Crops ◽  
Turkish Origin ◽  
Self Pollination ◽  
Special Area ◽  
Pericarp Color ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Selection Of

Confectionery sunflower - a special area of use of sunflower, which requires the creation of marketable seeds quality features. One of the possible ways to create large-fruited sunflower is to create production hybrids and lines. Objective: to evaluate the created new large-fruited sunflower lines by a complex of morphological characters and determine the best lines for use as large-seeds hybrids as parent components or source material. In 2016-2019 years on the basis of the Institute of Oilseed Crops NAAS a study was conducted to assess the economic characteristics of large-fruited sunflower lines. We studied a collection of 27 lines of large-seeds sources. The lines were created by direct selection or crossing and sampling: Reyny of Argentinean origin, Zaporizhzhya confectionery variety, confectionery hybrid with striped pericarp color of Israeli origin, white seed of Turkish origin, synthetic population - donor of complex resistance. To study from the collection, lines were drawn that went through at least 7 generations with selection for seed size. Experience has shown that the shortest growing season for lines 174d and KP11 was 99 days, and the longest for lines I2K670 was 109 days. In the studied collection, the greatest mass of 1000 seeds has the KP11-146.47g line, which is the mother component and does not have branching. The second by weight of 1000 seeds (109 g) stood out line 168v, which also had branches and pollen fertility restoration genes and will be used as the paternal form. The third largest is also one basket line ZKN51-100. The collection included lines originating from the same combination, but with a different morphotype for the presence and absence of branching. So, based on the combination of KP11 x Zaporizhzhya Confectionery, three lines were obtained. A mass of 1000 seeds was observed in 98-86 g, with the branching line having the largest mass of 1000 seeds. The lines created with one combination VK678 x ZKN32: with a branch 168a had a mass of 1000 seeds 95g, and a line 168b - without a branch 109 g. Of the two lines obtained from the descendants of the combination KP11 x the striped hybrid both had branches, but the seeds were much smaller (weight of 1000 seeds 59 and 79 g). The collection also studied samples created on the basis of varieties and populations 160c, 174, 175b, the mass of 1000 seeds of which turned out to be more acceptable for large-fruited use from 83 to 99 g. Summing up the results of studying the collection of newly created lines, we can highlight the lines 162d, 168v, 175b, KP11 that are potentially promising for use in hybrids. The selections showed that large-fruited lines can be obtained from large-fruited varieties, self-pollination of large-fruited hybrids and crossing lines with hybrids and varieties. Self-pollination and selection of large-fruited lines in several generations does not provide the necessary variability for positive changes in selections. The result of the selection by weight of 1000 seeds in the offspring from crosses and from populations creates opportunities for new large-seeds sunflower.

A Hierarchical Classification for the Selection of the Most Suitable Multiple Sequence Alignment Methodology

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-207
Author(s):  
Francisco Ortuño ◽  
Hector Pomares ◽  
Olga Valenzuela ◽  
Carolina Torres ◽  
Ignacio Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Alignment ◽  
Multiple Sequence Alignment ◽  
Hierarchical Classification ◽  
Multiple Sequence ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Regulating the Regulators: Mechanisms of Substrate Selection of the O-GlcNAc Cycling Enzymes OGT and OGA

Glycobiology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah M Stephen ◽  
Trevor M Adams ◽  
Lance Wells
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Sensing ◽  
Substrate Selection ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Dynamic Modification ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Outstanding Question ◽  
Glcnac Transferase ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Partner Proteins ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Thousands of nuclear and cytosolic proteins are modified with a single β-N-acetylglucosamine on serine and threonine residues in mammals, a modification termed O-GlcNAc. This modification is essential for normal development and plays important roles in virtually all intracellular processes. Additionally, O-GlcNAc is involved in many disease states, including cancer, diabetes, and X-linked intellectual disability. Given the myriad of functions of the O-GlcNAc modification, it is therefore somewhat surprising that O-GlcNAc cycling is mediated by only two enzymes: the O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), which adds O-GlcNAc, and the O-GlcNAcase (OGA), which removes it. A significant outstanding question in the O-GlcNAc field is how do only two enzymes mediate such an abundant and dynamic modification. In this review, we explore the current understanding of mechanisms for substrate selection for the O-GlcNAc cycling enzymes. These mechanisms include direct substrate interaction with specific domains of OGT or OGA, selection of interactors via partner proteins, posttranslational modification of OGT or OGA, nutrient sensing, and localization alteration. Altogether, current research paints a picture of an exquisitely regulated and complex system by which OGT and OGA select substrates. We also make recommendations for future work, toward the goal of identifying interaction mechanisms for specific substrates that may be able to be exploited for various research and medical treatment goals.

Selection for rate and efficiency of lean gain in Hereford cattle 1. Selection pressure applied and direct responses

1990 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Mrode ◽  
C. Smith ◽  
R. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Control Line ◽  
Correlated Responses ◽  
Direct Response ◽  
Lean Growth ◽  
Hereford Cattle ◽  
Frozen Semen ◽  
Phenotypic Standard Deviation ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACTSelection of bulls for rate and efficiency of lean gain was studied in a herd of Hereford cattle. There were two selection lines, one selected for lean growth rate (LGR) from birth to 400 days and the other for lean food conversion ratio (LFCR) from 200 to 400 days of age, for a period of 8 years. A control line bred by frozen semen from foundation bulls was also maintained. Generation interval was about 2·4 years and average male selection differentials, per generation were 1·2 and — 1·1 phenotypic standard deviation units for LGR and LFCR respectively.Genetic parameters and responses to selection were estimated from the deviation of the selected lines from a control line and by restricted maximum likelihood (REML) techniques on the same material. Realized heritabilities were 0·40 (s.e. 0·12) for LGR and 0·40 (s.e. 0·13) for LFCR using the control line. Corresponding estimates from REML were 0·42 (s.e. 0·10) and 0·37 (s.e. 0·14). The estimate of the genetic correlation between LGR and LFCR was about — 0·69 (s.e. 0·12) using REML.The estimates of direct annual genetic change using deviations from the control were 3·6 (s.e. 1·3) g/day for LGR and — 0·14 (s.e. 0·07) kg food per kg lean gain for LFCR. Corrsponding estimates from REML were similar but more precisely estimated. The correlated responses for LFCR in the LGR line was higher than the direct response for LFCR.

LINGUOCULTURAL POTENTIAL OF EUPHEMISMS-AMULETS

2021 ◽  
pp. 68-74
Author(s):  
SERGEY I. ROMANOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Target Selection ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Cultural Community ◽  
Magical Power ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Cultural Code ◽  
Russian Linguistic ◽  
Selection Of

The article deals with a special type of euphemisms-amulets, that is, linguocultural units endowed with the function of protection. There are two types of euphemisms-amulets from the point of view of relevance: obsolete and current units. Obsolete euphemisms- amulets have targets that are not recognized as dangerous by the modern linguistic and cultural community. Current euphemisms-amulets, although not always consciously, are used by representatives of the modern Russian linguistic and cultural community to protect against something bad. The paper establishes that the use of the euphemism-amulet is based on the transla- tion of the target's representation into another cultural code. The work reveals that the euphemisms-amulets are directed not to mitigate an unwanted nomination but how to replace it. An undesirable nomination is endowed with negative magical properties, which is why the linguocultural community imposes a ban on its use. A protective cultural function is superim- posed on the euphemism. The main pragmatic explanation for the use of the euphemism- amulet is the speaker's desire not to predict an encounter with an unwanted object, which is based on belief in the magical power of the word. The factors that determine the linguocultural specificity of euphemisms-amulets are revealed. The first factor is target selection. For the Russian linguocultural community, such targets include a totemic animal, evil forces representing another world, death. The second factor is the selection of nominations for the euphemistic function, which is determined by culturally marked background knowledge, ideas, and typical practices. The communicative- pragmatic platform for the use of euphemisms-amulets is the belief in the magical power of the word, in the fact that the use of the forbidden word can lead to negative consequences (in particular, to cause the appearance of something dangerous, undesirable). The work proves that the identified cultural factors are universal, based on universal archetypes: one's own / another's, permission / prohibition, life / death. At the same time, the fact of the appearance of the euphemism-amulet, the choice of its internal form is determined by national and cultural factors.

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