scholarly journals Seasonal variations in blood parameters of the Amazonian manatee, Trichechus inunguis

2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elton P. Colares ◽  
Ioni G. Colares ◽  
Adalto Bianchini ◽  
Euclydes A. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Blood Glucose

Seasonal variations in body weight, food consumption and blood glucose, total lipids, urea, total proteins, albumin and globulins of captive Amazonian manatees, Trichechus inunguis, were determined. Body weight changed significantly along the year, increasing from autumn to spring and decreasing in summer. The mean daily food intake of paragrass remained almost unchanged along the year. Paragrass administered to the manatees showed important variations in crude protein and lipid content along the year. No significant differences in blood parameters were registered between males and females in all seasons. Further, there were no significant differences in blood total proteins, albumin and globulins along the year. On the other hand, significant differences in the mean blood glucose, lipids and urea were registered. An increase in the blood glucose in the spring and summer was observed. Blood urea and lipids levels were positively related to paragrass protein and lipids content. These two correlations suggested that these blood parameters are good indicators of the animal nutritional status in the Amazonian manatee.

scholarly journals Effects of Crude Protein Degradability on Some Blood Parameters of Ruminants

2021 ◽  
Vol 910 (1) ◽  
pp. 012030
Author(s):  
Jamal Abdul Rahman Tawfeeq Al Ani ◽  
Anmar A Al-Wazeer ◽  
Ali Noori Kareem ◽  
Rasha Mohamed Shaker
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Blood Protein ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Ad Libitum

Abstract The experiment was investigated the effects of degradability crude protein on some blood parameters of ruminants, two experiments were conducted for three sources dietary crude protein: Soya, whey protein and urea. First experiment, soya was replaced with whey protein, while second experiment, soya was replaced with urea. Fifteen male lambs were used for each experiment and randomly distributed to five treatments T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5. Concentrated was fed at 3% of body weight as DM basis, while alfalfa was fed ad-libitum. Jugular blood was sampled from lambs after 90 days of experiment before feeding morning. Results of replacing soya with whey protein showed decreased blood protein and cholesterol, while, blood urea was increased and blood glucose had a linear increase with increasing whey protein intake, 45.75, 48.5, 52.5, 66.0 and 89.75 mg/dl for T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5. In second experiment, the results of replacing soya with urea showed decreased blood glucose and cholesterol for 2% urea in contrast with control, while blood urea was increased for 2% urea 36.11 mg/dl in contrast with 22.73mg/dl for control. In concluded, feeding high soluble crude proteins, decreased cholesterol and increased blood urea nitrogen.

scholarly journals Screening of achillea santolina for anti-diabetic activity and its comparison with caralluma tuberculata.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (07) ◽  
pp. 1414-1419
Author(s):  
Muhammad Saleh Faisal ◽  
Asad Inayat ◽  
Muhammad Nabi ◽  
Waqar Hayat ◽  
Muhammad Sajid Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Diabetic Rabbits ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Mean Blood Glucose

Objectives: The study was designed to investigate the hypoglycaemic effect of Achillea santolina and its comparison with Caralluma tuberculata. Study Design: Experimental study. Setting: Khyber Medical University, Peshawar. Period: July 2017 to February 2018. Material & Methods: Crude extract and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) extract of Achillea santolina were prepared and administered to normal and alloxan treated diabetic rabbits. These extracts were given in capsule form as well as in cooking oil and their effects on blood glucose levels were observed at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 hours of administration. The results were compared with Caralluma tuberculata. Results: The crude extract 200 mg/kg body weight of Achillea santolina showed marked reduction in mean blood glucose level at 2, 4, 8 and 12 hours with significant (p<0.001) difference when compared with Caralluma tuberculata. The metformin 500 mg/kg body weight was also given to compare its effects with the plant crude extracts, which was more or less intermediate between the crude extracts of Achillea santolina and Caralluma tuberculata. The diabetic rabbits were treated with 100 mg/kg body weight CCl4 fraction of Achillea in capsule form. Blood glucose levels dropped markedly at 2 hours and further more at 4 hours as observed with Caralluma. Upon comparison with metformin, Achillea found to lower blood glucose levels but quite late than metformin. The diabetic rabbits were also treated with 100 mg/kg body weight CCl4 fraction of Achillea santolina in cooking oil and Caralluma was found to cause higher reduction in blood glucose levels than Achillea. Conclusion: Both Achillea santolina and Caralluma tuberculata lowered the blood glucose levels but the later turned out to be more significant in developing hypoglycaemia, particularly when taken with cooking oil.

Serum cholesterol levels of inbred rats

1964 ◽  
Vol 207 (3) ◽  
pp. 631-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Kritchevsky ◽  
Shirley A. Tepper
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Liver Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean

Changes in serum cholesterol levels with age have been studied in male and female rats of three inbred strains (BN, DA, and Lewis) and one random-bred strain (Wistar). The mean serum cholesterol levels at each age differed among strains. Serum cholesterol levels (mg/100 ml) for male rats at 30, 60, and 90 days were: BN-65, 46, and 47; DA-105, 85, and 101; Lewis-79, 76, and 57; and Wistar-64, 63, and 73. For female rats the values were: BN-56, 45, and 47; DA-86, 74, and 91; Lewis-77, 83, and 67; and Wistar-59, 71, and 83. The variation of serum cholesterol with age was different between strains, but similar for males and females within each strain. There was no correlation between body weight and serum cholesterol. Liver cholesterol levels (mg/100 g) determined at 90 days were, for the males, BN-187, DA-233, Lewis-247, and Wistar-300, and for the females, BN-188, DA-244, Lewis-216, and Wistar-249. No correlation with body weight or serum cholesterol was observed.

scholarly journals The National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program: Over 20 Years of Improving Hemoglobin A1c Measurement

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (7) ◽  
pp. 839-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randie R Little ◽  
Curt Rohlfing ◽  
David B Sacks
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Hemoglobin A1c ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Substantial Progress ◽  
Hemoglobin Variants ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Blood Glucose ◽  
Hba1c Measurement

Abstract BACKGROUND Measurement of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in the blood is integral to and essential for the treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus. HbA1c reflects the mean blood glucose concentration over the preceding 8 to 12 weeks. Although the clinical value of HbA1c was initially limited by large differences in results among various methods, the investment of considerable effort to implement standardization has brought about a marked improvement in analysis. CONTENT The focus of this review is on the substantial progress that has been achieved in enhancing the accuracy and, therefore, the clinical value of HbA1c assays. SUMMARY The interactions between the National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program and manufacturers of HbA1c methods have been instrumental in standardizing HbA1c. Proficiency testing using whole blood has allowed accuracy-based assessment of methods in individual clinical laboratories that has made an important contribution to improving the HbA1c measurement in patient samples. These initiatives, supported by the efforts of the IFCC network, have led to a continuing enhancement of HbA1c methods. Many of the factors that previously influenced HbA1c results independently of blood glucose have been eliminated from most modern methods. These include carbamylation, labile intermediates, and common hemoglobin variants. Nevertheless, some factors (e.g., race and aging) may alter HbA1c interpretation, but whether these differences have clinical implications remains contentious. HbA1c has a fundamental role in the diagnosis and management of diabetes. Ongoing improvements in HbA1c measurement and quality will further enhance the clinical value of this analyte.

VARIATIONS IN THE WEIGHT OF THE ADRENAL GLANDS OF THE FIELD VOLE, MICROTUS AGRESTIS

1961 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
HELEN CHITTY
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Microtus Agrestis ◽  
Field Vole ◽  
Lactating Females ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fluctuating Populations

SUMMARY 1. Mean weights are given for the adrenal glands of 1167 male and 806 female voles from naturally fluctuating populations at Lake Vyrnwy, Wales, during 1952–58. 2. Although the mean standardized adrenal weights of both males and females varied from year to year, no consistent relationship with population trend could be found, except that females from expanding populations tended to have the heaviest adrenals. 3. The adrenal weights increased seasonally each year from low values in the spring to maxima in midsummer and decreased again to low values in the autumn. 4. This fluctuation was exhibited not only by breeding animals but also by those that were sexually immature. It therefore seems unlikely that the seasonal enlargement is entirely a direct effect of gonadal activity, though it may be due to changes in social behaviour during the breeding season. 5. In each month the adrenals of pregnant or lactating females were heavier than those of nulliparous animals of the same body weight.

Effects of dietary deficiencies of energy, protein and calcium on the pregnant ewe. II. Body composition and mineral content of the lamb

1972 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Sykes ◽  
A. C. Field
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Semitendinosus Muscle ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pregnant Ewe

SUMMARYThe effects of low protein and low Ca intakes during pregnancy on lamb composition and mineral contents have been investigated. Twenty-eight 6½-year-old Blackface ewes were used in a 2 × 2 experiment in which semi-purified diets containing 11·8 and 6·0% crude protein and 1·2 and 0·11 % Ca in the dry matter were offered to maintain constant levels of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and ketone bodies in the plasma, comparable to those found in hill sheep in winter. A further group, control, were fed a conventional diet containing adequate crude protein and Ca to maintain NEFA and ketone body levels typical of well-nourished sheep. The lambs were killed at birth and whole body fat, moisture, nitrogen, Ca, P, Mg, Na and K contents determined. Further data was obtained on the brain, liver and semitendinosus muscle.Within the context of the experiment the most important factor in determining the mineral content of the lambs was the protein intake of the ewe, mainly due to its effect on lamb body weight. The mean Ca content of lambs from the control ewes was 47·8 g. By comparison that of lambs from the high and low protein groups was reduced by 4·9 and 12·9 g respectively.Calcium intakes as low as 27 mg/kg ewe body weight/day had no significant effect on lamb birth weight or mineral composition.The mean concentrations (g/kg) of minerals in the fat-free bodies of the lambs ranged from 12·1 to 14·6 for Ca, 6·6 to 7·4 for P, 0·49 to 006 for Mg and from 1·9 to 1·6 for K in the control and double deficiency groups respectively. It was concluded that these changes in lamb composition could be interpreted according to classical studies on the influence of undernutrition on the relative growth and development of animal tissues.The livers of the lambs, although significantly reduced in weight by the protein deficiency showed no evidence of being relatively more severely affected than muscle tissue.

Maintenance of Merino sheep fed varying protein roughages with or without supplements of chopped lucerne hay and wheat.

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (26) ◽  
pp. 206 ◽  
Author(s):  
MC Franklin ◽  
P McInnes ◽  
PK Briggs
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
High Protein ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
The Mean

Merino wethers of 30 months of age were hand-fed in pens on low-(chaffed wheaten straw), medium-(84 per cent chaffed wheaten straw; 16 per cent chopped lucerne hay), and high-protein roughage (chopped wheaten hay, or 67.5 per cent chaffed wheaten straw : 32.5 per cent chopped lucerne hay) alone, or supplemented with wheat grain at daily or twice-weekly intervals. The experimental period was 26 weeks and emphasis was placed on the number of survivors, changes in body weight, and mean daily roughage intake. Data were also collected on wool production. No sheep survived on the low-protein roughage (LPR-2.7 per cent crude protein (CP) ). Seven out of 16 sheep in the medium-protein roughage group (MPR-5.2 per cent CP) survived for 26 weeks ; six of these, however, died in the following four weeks. All sheep survived on the two high-protein roughage diets (HPR(1) and HPR(2)-7.6 per cent CP). The wheat supplement increased the number of survivors in the LPR and MPR groups. There was no difference between results from the daily and twice-weekly supplemented groups. Mean daily roughage intake of the unsupplemented sheep increased at each level of protein in the roughage. Mean intake of chaffed wheat straw when fed alone was 220 g per sheep per day. The intake of the same straw when fed with chopped lucerne hay increased by 120 g per sheep per day in the group fed MPR, and by 344 g in the group fed HPR(1). The wheat supplement did not increase intake within any roughage group. Roughage intake was significantly decreased on the HPR(2) diet when a wheat supplement was given. Sheep fed HPR(2) grew more clean wool than sheep in the other unsupplemented groups. Differences between mean clean wool weights of daily and twice-weekly supplemented groups within each roughage group were not significant, but differences between the mean pooled wool weights of each supplemented roughage group were significant.

The Biology of the Common Sheath-Tail Bat, Taphozous-Georgianus (Chiroptera, Emballonuridae), in Central Queensland

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Jolly
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Mean

A field study was carried out over a 4-year period on the common sheath-tail bat, Taphozous georgianus, in central Queensland. Mating occurred in late August and early September, and females gave birth to a single young in late November or early December. Females mated at about 9 months of age. Spermatogenesis commenced in males at about 9 months but they were not able to take part in mating until they were approximately 21 months old. Bats were born well furred with their eyes open, and weighed an average of 24% of their mother's post-partum weight. Young bats attained independence at 3-4 weeks old when they reached 50% of their mothers' body weight. At 3 months old young bats were within a few millimetres of adult dimensions. Marked seasonal variations in body weight resulted from the deposition of fat. Peak weights were recorded in April and minimum weights in September. The mean annual survivial rate was estimated to be 0.61. Mature males have a mortality rate substantially greater than females and this is reflected in a sex ratio strongly biased towards females in older bats. The sex ratio was nearly even in young bats. Most roost caves were occupied by less than 20 individuals. There was little difference between the temperature and humidity at which bats roosted, and the temperature and humidity of available roosts. Most bats were known from only one cave, and few movements of more than 2 km were recorded. Bats appeared to regularly relocate their roosting site, however, and they may have been utilising roosts outside the study area.

scholarly journals The Effects of Propolis and Bee Pollen Supplementation on Biochemical Blood Parameters of Broilers

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-200
Author(s):  
Klaric Ivana ◽  
Miskulin Ivan ◽  
Seric Vatroslav ◽  
Dumic Albina ◽  
Jonjic Jasna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Mixture ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Lower Blood Glucose ◽  
Bee Pollen ◽  
Lower Blood

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the effect of propolis and bee pollen on selected biochemical blood parameters in broiler chickens. This experimental study was conducted on 200 Ross 308 chickens of equally distributed sex, which were divided into five groups (a control group and four experimental groups). Throughout the whole study the control group of chickens was fed the control feed mixture while the feed mixture that was fed to the experimental groups of chickens contained additives (propolis and/or bee pollen, each supplemented separately or in combination in a certain proportion). The results obtained by this study are: significantly lower blood glucose, cholesterol and calcium levels (P < 0.001), as well as significantly lower triglycerides levels (P = 0.002), but also significantly higher sodium and chloride (P < 0.001), phosphorus (P = 0.004) and globulins levels (P = 0.027) in chickens of the experimental groups compared to the chickens of the control group on the 21st day of fattening. Furthermore, this study has found significantly lower blood glucose (P = 0.033) levels and significantly higher levels of total proteins and globulins (P = 0.003), as well as albumins (P = 0.040) in chickens of the experimental groups compared to the chickens of the control group on the 42nd day of fattening. It can be concluded that the application of propolis and bee pollen as additives in broiler feeds enables the production of more vital and healthier animals, which significantly improves the fattening of chickens.

MO633GLYCAEMIC MARKERS IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES UNDERGOING HAEMODIALYSIS EVALUATED BY LONG-TERM CONTINUOUS GLUCOSE MONITORING*

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Bomholt ◽  
Marianne Rix ◽  
Thomas Peter Almdal ◽  
Filip K Knop ◽  
Susanne Rosthøj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Sensor Glucose ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Blood Glucose

Abstract Background and Aims The reliability of haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) as a glycaemic marker in patients receiving haemodialysis (HD) remains unknown. To assess accuracy, we compared HbA1c and fructosamine levels with interstitial glucose levels measured by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving HD. Method The HD group (maintenance HD and type 2 diabetes) comprised 30 patients who completed the study period of 17 weeks; the control group (type 2 diabetes and an estimated glomerular filtration rate &gt;60 mL/min/1.73 m2) comprised 36 individuals. CGM (Ipro2®, Medtronic) for periods up to seven days was performed five times (with four weeks intervals) during a 16-week period. HbA1c and fructosamine were measured at week 17. The mean sensor glucose from CGM was compared with the measured HbA1c, its estimated mean blood glucose (eMBGA1c) and fructosamine levels. Results In the HD group, the mean sensor glucose from CGM was 1.4 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.0–1.8) mmol/L higher than the eMBGA1c, whereas the difference was 0.1 mmol/L (95% CI: -0.1–[0.4]; P&lt;0.001) in the control group. Adjusted for the mean sensor glucose, HbA1c was -7.3 (95% CI: -10.0–[-4.7]) mmol/mol lower in the HD group than in controls (P&lt;0.001), whereas no difference was detected for fructosamine (P=0.64). Conclusion HbA1c evaluated by CGM underestimates mean blood glucose levels in patients receiving maintenance HD; fructosamine appears to be more accurate. CGM-assessed blood glucose could complement or replace HbA1c in patients where HbA1c underestimates blood glucose levels.

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