Frequency of anti-Toxocara antibodies in broiler chickens in southern Brazil

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of anti-Toxocara antibodies in naturally infected broiler chickens (n = 189) from the state of Paraná, southern Brazil. The chickens were reared in a semi-intensive system by small family farmers (n = 7). An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to detect the presence of anti- Toxocara spp. IgY after serum adsorption with Ascaridia galli antigens. An overall seroprevalence of 67.7% (128/189; 95% CI = 61.1-74.4) was observed. The frequency of positive animals by farm ranged from 29.6% to 100%. The optical density and reactivity index values observed in ELISA test indicated the possible chronicity of infection of the evaluated chickens. Associations between the presence of antibodies and the area where the chickens were reared (p = 0.382) or the population density of dogs on the farm (p = 0.785) were not observed. This study shows a high prevalence of Toxocara spp. antibodies in broiler chickens reared in semi-intensive systems and provides evidence that chickens are a good indicator of environmental contamination by larva migrans agents. Further studies are necessary to assess the risk factors associated with poultry infection and the likelihood of toxocariasis transmission to humans via the ingestion of free-range chicken meat.

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Prevalence of Potentially Pathogenic Enteric Organisms in Clinically Healthy Kittens in the UK

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery ◽

10.1016/j.jfms.2008.12.007 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 655-662 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Adam G. Gow ◽

Deborah J. Gow ◽

Edward J. Hall ◽

Debra Langton ◽

Chris Clarke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastrointestinal Disease ◽

Incidental Finding ◽

Elisa Test ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Negative Results ◽

Test Kit ◽

Faecal Samples ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Campylobacter Species ◽

The Uk

Faecal samples were collected from 57 clinically healthy kittens presented for initial vaccination, in the UK. Routine bacteriological examination identified Salmonella species in one and Campylobacter species in five samples. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detected the presence of Campylobacter species in a further four samples. Routine parasitological examination revealed Toxocara species ova in nine (including four kittens stated to have been administered an anthelmintic) and Isospora species in four samples. No Giardia or Cryptosporidium species were detected by routine methods. A Giardia species enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test kit designed for use in cats was positive in three kittens. A similar test kit designed for use in humans was negative in all samples and produced negative results even when known positive samples were tested. Potentially pathogenic enteric organisms were detected in 19 kittens by routine methods and 26 (prevalence 45%) by all methods. The high prevalence in asymptomatic kittens highlights the possibility that the detection of these organisms in kittens with gastrointestinal disease may be an incidental finding.

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DETECTION OF MYCOPLASMA SYNOVIAE ANTIBODIES IN SERA OF BROILER CHICKENS BY THE ELISA

THE BULLETIN ◽

10.32014/2020.2518-1467.141 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (387) ◽

pp. 41-47

Author(s):

I. Iancu ◽

◽

N. Cătană ◽

V. Popa ◽

J. Degi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diagnostic Test ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Horizontal Transmission ◽

Elisa Test ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Serologic Test ◽

Mycoplasma Synoviae ◽

Routine Testing ◽

Specific Antibodies ◽

Geometrical Mean

Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) infection most frequently occurs as a subclinical respiratory infection. Approximately 2-4 weeks are required for antibodies to develop in infected birds. Clinical examination was made daily, in broilers after 10 days old, because at this age there were seen the first symptoms of disease. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is commonly used as a diagnostic test and for routine testing of flocks and may replace serum plate agglutination as the primary serologic test. The serologic exam carried out through ELISA test at 21 and 35 days evidenced the specific antibodies and sero-conversion phenomenon. At 21 days old (B I), 22, 91% from the analysed sera were positive, and at 35 days old (B II), 26,66% were positive, until the age for slaughter (42 days). The value of titrers geometrical mean of 10,92 times higher at 35 days old than at 21 days old and the higher proportion of the obtained positive titrers, reveal both the implication of M. synoviae in the etiology of disease, and her infectiousness, by horizontal transmission.

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Validation of a Novel Commercial ELISA Test for the Detection of Antibodies against Coxiella burnetii

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens9121075 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 1075

Author(s):

Salvatore Ledda ◽

Cinzia Santucciu ◽

Valentina Chisu ◽

Giovanna Masala

Keyword(s):

Diagnostic Accuracy ◽

Phase Ii ◽

Coxiella Burnetii ◽

Q Fever ◽

Animal Health ◽

Elisa Test ◽

Clinical Diagnostics ◽

Complex Life Cycle ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Specificity And Sensitivity

Q fever is a zoonosis caused by Coxiella burnetii, a Gram-negative pathogen with a complex life cycle and a high impact on public and animal health all over the world. The symptoms are indistinguishable from those belonging to other diseases, and the disease could be symptomless. For these reasons, reliable laboratory tests are essential for an accurate diagnosis. The aim of this study was to validate a novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test, named the Chorus Q Fever Phase II IgG and IgM Kit (DIESSE, Diagnostica Senese S.p.A), which is performed by an instrument named Chorus, a new device in medical diagnostics. This diagnostic test is employed for the detection of antibodies against C. burnetii Phase II antigens in acute disease. Our validation protocol was performed according to the Italian Accreditation Body (ACCREDIA) (Regulation UNI CEI EN ISO/IEC 17025:2018 and 17043:2010), OIE (World Organization for Animal Health), and Statement for Reporting Studies of Diagnostic Accuracy (STARD). Operator performance was evaluated along with the analytical specificity and sensitivity (ASp and ASe) and diagnostic accuracy of the kit, with parameters such as diagnostic specificity and sensitivity (DSp and DSe) and positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV), in addition to the repeatability. According to the evaluated parameters, the diagnostic ELISA test was shown to be suitable for validation and commercialization as a screening method in human sera and a valid support for clinical diagnostics.

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Transmissible Viral Proventriculitis Caused by Chicken Proventricular Necrosis Virus Displaying Serological Cross-Reactivity with IBDV

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11010008 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 8

Author(s):

Marcin Śmiałek ◽

Michał Gesek ◽

Daria Dziewulska ◽

Jowita Samanta Niczyporuk ◽

Andrzej Koncicki

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Elisa Test ◽

Cross Reactivity ◽

Infected Group ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Necrosis Virus ◽

Bursal Disease ◽

Group A ◽

Potential Factor

Transmissible viral proventriculitis (TVP) of chickens is manifested in decreased body weight gains, poor feed conversion and weight diversity. Although TVP etiology has not been defined, a Birnaviridae family member, named chicken proventricular necrosis virus (CPNV) is considered as a potential factor of a disease. This study was undertaken in order to reproduce TVP and to evaluate its etiology. Broiler chickens of the TVP-infected group were inoculated with TVP positive proventriculi homogenate on the 24th day of life. Samples were collected, on infection day and 14 days post-infection (dpi). The 14 dpi anatomo- and histopathological evaluation, revealed that we have succeeded to reproduce TVP. TVP-infected birds gained 30.38% less body weight. In the TVP-infected group a seroconversion against picornaviruses, fowl adenoviruses (FAdV) and infectious bursal disease viruses (IBDV) was recorded with an ELISA test. Using RT-PCR and PCR, CPNV was detected in proventriculi and FAdV in spleens and livers of infected birds, 14 dpi. Our study supports that CPNV is involved in the development of TVP. We did not record the presence of IBDV in TVP or control birds, despite our recording of a seroconversion against IBDV in TVP infected birds. CPNV and IBDV belong to the same family, which allows us to assume serological cross-reactivity between them. The role of FAdV needs further evaluation.

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Impact of On-Farm Interventions against CTX-Resistant Escherichia coli on the Contamination of Carcasses before and during an Experimental Slaughter

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10030228 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 228

Author(s):

Michaela Projahn ◽

Jana Sachsenroeder ◽

Guido Correia-Carreira ◽

Evelyne Becker ◽

Annett Martin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Stocking Density ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Control Group ◽

Cross Contamination ◽

High Prevalence ◽

On Farm ◽

The Impact ◽

Slow Growing

Cefotaxime (CTX)-resistant Enterobacteriaceae are still an ongoing challenge in human and veterinary health. High prevalence of these resistant bacteria is detected in broiler chickens and the prevention of their dissemination along the production pyramid is of major concern. The impact of certain on-farm interventions on the external bacterial contamination of broiler chickens, as well as their influence on single processing steps and (cross-) contamination, have not yet been evaluated. Therefore, we investigated breast skin swab samples of broiler chickens before and during slaughter at an experimental slaughter facility. Broiler chickens were previously challenged with CTX-resistant Escherichia coli strains in a seeder-bird model and subjected to none (control group (CG)) or four different on-farm interventions: drinking water supplementation based on organic acids (DW), slow growing breed Rowan × Ranger (RR), reduced stocking density (25 kg/sqm) and competitive exclusion with Enterobacteriales strain IHIT36098(CE). Chickens of RR, 25 kg/sqm, and CE showed significant reductions of the external contamination compared to CG. The evaluation of a visual scoring system indicated that wet and dirty broiler chickens are more likely a vehicle for the dissemination of CTX-resistant and total Enterobacteriaceae into the slaughterhouses and contribute to higher rates of (cross-) contamination during processing.

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Multicenter Evaluation of an ELISA for the Detection of Cryptosporidium spp. Antigen in Clinical Human Stool Samples

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9020209 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 209

Author(s):

Romy Razakandrainibe ◽

Célia Mérat ◽

Nathalie Kapel ◽

Marc Sautour ◽

Karine Guyot ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Cryptosporidium Oocyst ◽

Clinical Importance ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Elisa Test ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Cryptosporidium Spp ◽

Stool Samples ◽

Conventional Microscopy ◽

Human Stool

Human cryptosporidiosis remains underdiagnosed, and rapid/accurate diagnosis is of clinical importance. Diagnosis of the Cryptosporidium oocyst in stool samples by conventional microscopy is labor-intensive, time-consuming, and requires skillful experience. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the usefulness of a coproantigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test in detecting Cryptosporidium spp. from fecal specimens. For this aim, we evaluated the performances of a commercial ELISA (CoproELISA Cryptosporidium kit, Savyon Diagnostics, Israel) for the detection of Cryptosporidium spp. in random clinical stool samples through a multicenter study. The sensitivity and specificity for coproantigen ELISA were 98.86% and 94.32%, respectively. The coproantigen ELISA results indicate that the simple, rapid, reliable, and standardized immunoassay test is sensitive and specific for routine diagnosis, and may be useful for large-scale epidemiological studies of cryptosporidiosis.

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Rapid point-of-care anti-infliximab antibodies detection in clinical practice: comparison with ELISA and potential for improving therapeutic drug monitoring in IBD patients

Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology ◽

10.1177/1756284821999902 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

pp. 175628482199990

Author(s):

Sonia Facchin ◽

Andrea Buda ◽

Romilda Cardin ◽

Nada Agbariah ◽

Fabiana Zingone ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Practice ◽

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring ◽

Drug Monitoring ◽

Point Of Care ◽

Drug Clearance ◽

Elisa Test ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Therapeutic Drug ◽

Drug Concentrations ◽

Inflammatory Bowel

Anti-drug antibodies can interfere with the activity of anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents by increasing drug clearance via direct neutralization. The presence of anti-drug antibodies is clinically relevant when trough drug concentrations are undetectable or sub-therapeutic. However, traditional immunoassay is not easily and rapidly accessible, making the translation of the results into treatment adjustment difficult. The availability of a point-of-care (POC) test for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) might represent an important step forward for improving the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients in clinical practice. In this pilot study, we compared the results obtained with POC tests with those obtained by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in a group of IBD patients treated with Infliximab (IFX). We showed that POC test can reliably detect presence of antibody-to-IFX with 100% of specificity and 76% sensitivity, in strong agreement with the ELISA test ( k-coefficient = 0.84).

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Risk factors associated with toxoplasmosis and toxocariasis in populations of children from nine cities in southern Brazil

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1017/s0022149x14000212 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 89 (4) ◽

pp. 428-432 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

A.A. Marchioro ◽

C.M. Colli ◽

É.C. Ferreira ◽

B.M. Viol ◽

S.M. Araújo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Multiple Logistic Regression ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Parasite Control ◽

Igg Antibodies ◽

Positive Serology ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Epidemiological Factors

AbstractThis study investigated the epidemiological factors that contribute to the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Toxocara spp. in children from Paraná state, Brazil. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to T. gondii were detected using indirect immunofluorescence, and IgG antibodies to Toxocara were detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. For each individual, a questionnaire was completed that contained epidemiological and clinical data. The data analysis was performed using multiple logistic regression. Of the 544 children investigated, 3.2% presented co-infection with T. gondii and Toxocara spp. Of this total, 7.4% were positive for antibodies to T. gondii, and 25% were positive for antibodies to Toxocara spp. The presence of antibodies to Toxocara spp. increased the risk of T. gondii infection (P= 0.029). Children who were 1–8 years of age were less infected by T. gondii than those who were 9–12 years of age. The variables that influenced positivity for anti-Toxocara spp. were the origin of the children and contact with sand. Children with positive serology for Toxocara spp. presented more eosinophilia compared with those with non-reactive serology. Infection with both parasites reveals the need for preventive measures, such as guidance about modes of infection, parasite control and monitoring recreational areas.

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Occurrence of abortions induced by Neospora caninum in dairy cattle from Santa Catarina, southern Brazil

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ◽

10.1590/s1984-29612017051 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 292-298 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Cesar Augusto Barbosa de Macedo ◽

Madlaine Frigo Silveira Barbosa de Macedo ◽

Ana Carolina Miura ◽

Alessandra Taroda ◽

Sergio Tosi Cardim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cattle ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

High Frequency ◽

Neospora Caninum ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Santa Catarina ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Polymerase Chain

Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate the occurrence of N. caninum associated with abortions of dairy cattle from Santa Catarina state, southern Brazil by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Blood from dairy cows that aborted along with intrathoracic fluid and tissue samples (brain, heart, liver, and lung) from their fetuses were collected and used for serology; PCR, histopathological, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) evaluations were also conducted. Twenty-one cows (51.2%) out of 41, and eight fetuses (26.7%) out of 30 were ELISA (HerdCheck, IDEXX) positive for N. caninum. Dams > 36 months of age had a higher risk of being serum positive than younger animals. PCR and IHC revealed that 38.8% (14/36) and 25.0% (9/36) of the fetuses were positive for N. caninum, respectively for each of the tests. Seropositive cows had a higher frequency of fetuses that were also positive by either intrathoracic fluid, PCR, or IHC. In summary, the present study observed a high frequency of N. caninum in abortions from dairy cows from southern Brazil, with a higher N. caninum prevalence found in cows that were older than 36 months. In addition, serology, PCR, and IHC should be used all together for better diagnosis of neosporosis in cattle.

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