scholarly journals Inclusion of cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus) meal in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) feed influences disease resistance

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norhidayah Mohd Taufek ◽  
Khanom Simarani ◽  
Hasniyati Muin ◽  
Firdaus Aspani ◽  
Ameenat Abiodun Raji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Infected Fish ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Control Group ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Post Challenge ◽  
Gryllus Bimaculatus

In our present study, we observed the effect of cricket meal (CM) on disease resistance of African catfish. Fish were fed diets containing 350 g kg–1 and 400 g kg–1 of CM and 350 g kg–1 of fishmeal as control. The fish were divided into triplicates treatments of ten fish per replicate, weighed 22.5±0.6 g and fed with experimental diets for 40 days before being challenged against Aeromonas hydrophila. Relative percentage of survival (RPS) was recorded over 12 days post-challenge. White blood cell count, total protein, globulin and lysozyme showed significantly increasing levels in those fed with cricket meal diet compared to the control group. Mortalities at 12-day post-challenge significantly decreased to 30% (RPS: 66.7%) and 27% (RPS: 70%) for 35% and 40% CM respectively compared to 90% mortality in control group. Intestines and liver tissues of infected fish were dissected for pathogenic confirmation. The intestines of control diet showed the highest bacterial load (58.2×107 cfu g–1) compared to CM diets. The current study indicates that dietary CM could enhance the innate immune system and disease resistance of African catfish.

scholarly journals Antioxidant role and immunological function of Excoecaria agallocha in Amphiprion sebae against Vibrio alginolyticus

2019 ◽  
pp. 50-64
Author(s):  
Nagarajan Balachandran Dhayanithi ◽  
Thipramalai Thankappan Ajithkumar ◽  
Gunapathy Devi ◽  
Chellam Balasundaram ◽  
Harikrishnan Ramasamy
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Infected Fish ◽  
Vibrio Alginolyticus ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Excoecaria Agallocha ◽  
High Bacterial Count

The efficacy of supplementation diet with 0, 2.5, 5, and 10 g kg-1 of Excoecaria agallocha aqueous leaf extract on innate immune response, survival, and disease resistance was reported in clownfish, Amphiprion sebae against Vibrio alginolyticus. The mean weight gain (MWG), specific growth rate (SGR), and protein efficiency ratio (PER) did not significantly vary with any supplementation diet except with 5 g kg-1 diet on weeks 6 and 8. The white blood cell (WBC) level significantly increased with any supplementation diets on weeks 6 and 8. The phagocytic activity, alternate complement activity, and lysozyme activity increased significantly with 5 and 10 g kg-1 diet on weeks 6 and 8 whereas the respiratory burst activity significantly increased with any supplementation diets on weeks 6 and 8. The cumulative mortality with the 2.5 and 10 g kg-1 supplementation diets were 10% against V. alginolyticus whereas with 5 g kg-1 supplementation diet only 5%. V. alginolyticus count was high in infected fish fed with control diet as well as the infected fish fed with 2.5 g kg-1 diet had high bacterial count (cfu/g) in kidney, blood, and spleen (1.4 x 102, 1.1 x 103, and 1.2 x 103) whereas it was low with 10 g kg-1 diet in blood, spleen, and kidney (0.6 x 101, 0.2 x 101, and 0.2 x 101). The present results indicate that infected fish fed diet containing 5 and 10 g kg-1 of E. agallocha positively enhance the innate immune response and reduce the mortality in A. sebae against V. alginolyticus infection. Keywords: Disease resistance; Excoecaria agallocha; Innate immune parameter; Mortality; Vibrio alginolyticus

scholarly journals BLOOD INDICES OF AFRICAN CATFISH (CLARIAS GARIEPINUS) FOLLOWING DIETARY ADMINISTRATION OF TALINUM TRIANGULARE

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 185-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Porwal
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Animal Blood ◽  
Blood Indices ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Blood Cell Counts ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Talinum Triangulare

The effects of Talinum triangulare on the haematological indices of Clarias gariepinus was investigated. T. triangulare leaf powder at 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 3.0% concentrations were fed to Clarias gariepinus juveniles (n=84; 117.3 ± 1.57 g; 26.70 ± 0.26 cm) as feed additive for a period of six (6) weeks.  The packed cell volume (PCV) and Haemoglobin (Hb) concentration values, 34.67 ± 0.67%, 12.03 ± 0.26g/dl, respectively observed in the group fed with 1.0% were significantly higher (P<0.05) compare with the control group. Red blood cell counts (RBCs), white blood cell counts (WBCs), lymphocytes, MCV, MCH and MCHC recorded were marginally different (P>0.05) among the groups, were within standard for Clarias gariepinus, therefore adjudged not to indicate a negative physiological effect on the experimental fish. Blood indices values observed revealed that the varying additive levels of T. triangulare used had no negative physiological stress on the health status of the fish studied and haematological values observed were seen to be best in the group fed 1.0% T. triangulare. It could be recommended that 10g/kg of Talinum triangulare leaf powder be included in the diet of Clarias gariepinus for boosting of the animal blood and treatment of disease conditions such as anaemia.

scholarly journals Effect of putative probiont Enterococcus hirae on the hematological parameters of juvenile African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) during pre- and post-challenge against Aeromonas hydrophila

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Hidayahanum Hamid ◽  
Hassan Mohd Daud ◽  
Prapansak Srisapoome ◽  
Hasliza Abu Hassim ◽  
Md Sabri Mohd Yusoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Post Challenge ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Mung Bean Sprouts ◽  
Bean Sprouts

Probiotics have been widely known to have the ability to improve the immune system of livestock and aquatic animal. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of two probiotic isolates of Enterococcus faecium on hematological parameters of juvenile African catfish, Clarias gariepinus during pre- and post-challenge with aquatic pathogen, Aeromonas hydrophila. The probiotics were previously isolated from vegetable wastes (mung bean sprouts, Vigna radiate and cucumber, Cucumis sativus) which have been fermented for 7 days. The experimental fish (270 tails) with an average weight of 5.13 ± 1.03 g were distributed and divided randomly  into  i) control (30 tails), fed with commercial diet ii) E1 (30 tails), fed with  diets  supplemented  with  108 CFU/ml  of  E. faecium isolated from fermented cucumber, iii) E2 (30 tails), fed with 108 CFU/ml  of  E. faecium isolated from fermented mung bean sprouts. The feeding trial was conducted for 50 days. All experimental groups were then challenged with A. hydrophila (1.5 × 106 CFU/mL) via intraperitoneal injection on day 51. Prior to challenge, blood samples were collected from five fish randomly selected from each group on the day 51 (pre-challenge).  After 72 hours of post-challenge, blood samples were again collected from five fish from each groups. The hematological parameters such as total erythrocyte count  (RBC),  total  leucocyte  count  (WBC),  packed cell volume (PCV),  hemoglobin  (Hb), the derived blood indices of mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were examined.  Hematological profiles of pre- and post-challenge infected juvenile catfish were compared with the control groups. The RBC, Hb, WBC, PCV, MCV and MCHC of fish fed with probiotics showed higher significant difference (P<0.05) as compared to control groups during pre- and post-challenge of pathogen. The high level of RBC and WBC during pre- and post-challenge showed the capability of the probiotics to improve the immune response of juvenile African catfish and thus increased the fish disease resistance against A. hydrophila infection. The result suggested that E. faecium could be used effectively as a probiotic in aquaculture.

Effects of replacing fish meal with cockroach (Periplaneta americana) meal in the diet of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fingerlings

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-142
Author(s):  
A.M. Orire ◽  
G.B. Fasomo ◽  
M.A. Haruna
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Meal Protein ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Net Protein

This research investigated the growth performance of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings (mean weight 1.130.3g) fed cockroach meal (CM) as replacement for fish meal (FM). The fish were fed with three diets containing 45% crude protein; diet 1 (control 0% CM and 0% FM) diet 2 (10% FM, 0% CM), diet 3 (10% CM, 0% FM) for 56 days. The results showed significant differences (p<0.05) for the growth parameters evaluated for the treatments. Cockroach meal-based diet gave the best results in terms of mean weight gain (1.39+0.39g), food conversion ratio (2.54+0.15), specific growth rate (1.440.29%/day), protein efficiency ratio (0.87±0.20), apparent net protein utilization (16.23±7.19) and survival rate of 62%. This was followed by fish meal-based diet while the control diet gave a significantly (p<0.05) lower values. It can be concluded from the study that cockroach meal can substitute fish meal at 10% inclusion level. However, further study can be conducted for higher inclusion levels of cockroach meal in the diets of C. gariepinus. Keywords: Insect meal, protein, catfish, feed, growth.

Effect of Clarias gariepinus cultured in contaminated water on rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 759-764
Author(s):  
Oyeyemi Adeyemi ◽  
Olalekan Adeyemi ◽  
Chris C Osubor
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Enzyme Assays ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Wistar Strain

In this study, African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) were cultured in water contaminated with phthalate, benzene and cyclohexane (10 μg/mL), respectively, over a period of 65 days. They were, thereafter, used as protein source to formulate feed for albino rats (Wistar strain) for 28 days. The weights of the body and selected tissues of the rats were monitored and standard enzyme assays were conducted for some enzymes in the serum. Results showed that rats in cyclohexane group gained 58% whereas the control group gained 46% of body weight. Liver weight (absolute and relative) of test rats were found to be significantly lower than that of control (p < .05). Enzyme activity of serum of test rats was found to be significantly higher than that of control (p < .05). Experimental evidence suggests leakage of enzymes from the liver to the serum, thus the elevated serum enzyme activity and that the contaminants may damage the liver.

scholarly journals Extract of grape seed enhances the growth performance, humoral and mucosal immunity, and resistance of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) against Aeromonas hydrophila

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zohre Mehrinakhi ◽  
Ehsan Ahmadifar ◽  
Najmeh Sheikhzadeh ◽  
Mohsen Shahriari Moghadam ◽  
Mahmoud A.O. Dawood
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Common Carp ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Grape Seed ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion

AbstractThis study evaluated the effects of grape seed extract (GSE) on the growth performance, immune response, and disease resistance of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Fish were distributed in four groups and fed diets with varying levels of GSE at 0, 10, 20, and 30 g/kg for 56 days. The final length in fish fed with 20 and 30 g GSE/kg diet significantly increased in comparison with the control group (P<0.05). The final weight and weight gain of fish fed with GSE were statistically higher than the control diet, while the feed conversion ratio was lower in GSE groups than the control. Hematological parameters did not statistically enhance with GSE supplemented diets (P>0.05). However, fish fed with 30 g GSE/kg diet displayed a higher WBC count significantly than the other group (P<0.05). The serum total protein and globulin in fish fed with 20 g GSE/kg diet significantly increased compared to the control (P<0.05). A similar pattern was noticed in results for serum and mucus lysozyme activity with a significant increase in fish fed with 20 and 30 g GSE/kg diet compared to the control (P<0.05). Total antibody levels in serum and mucus samples were also increased in fish by dietary GSE with maximum levels by 20 and 30 g GSE/kg diet. Besides, mucus protease activity was higher in fish received 20 and 30 g GSE/kg diet with maximum level shown in fish fed with 30 g GSE/kg diet compared to the control group (P<0.05). Meanwhile, all groups showed higher mucus antibacterial activity against Aeromonas hydrophila with the highest activity in 30 g GSE/kg diet in comparison with the control group. The cumulative mortality was 36.67% when fish fed with 30 g GSE/kg diet and challenged with A. hydrophila. However, the mortality rate was 40% and 53.33% in fish fed 20 and 30 g GSE/kg diet, respectively. This study suggests that supplementation of GSE could significantly enhance the growth performance, immune responses, and disease resistance against A. hydrophila in common carp.

scholarly journals Efficacy of nano zinc oxide dietary supplements on growth performance, immunomodulation and disease resistance of African catfish Clarias gariepinus

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 147-160
Author(s):  
HH Mahboub ◽  
K Shahin ◽  
AW Zaglool ◽  
EM Roushdy ◽  
SAA Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Significant Difference

Zinc (Zn) is an important trace element in fish diets that is required for growth, immunity and antioxidant defense mechanisms. The current study assessed the effects of both organic and nanoparticle zinc oxide (ZnO and ZnO-NPs, respectively) on growth performance, immune response and the antimicrobial effect against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in African catfish Clarias gariepinus. Fish were fed either a control diet or diets supplemented with organic ZnO at concentrations of 20 and 30 mg kg-1 or ZnO-NPs at concentrations of 20 and 30 mg kg-1. After 60 d, a subset of the fish was injected intraperitoneally with 3 × 107 CFU ml-1 of P. aeruginosa. Results showed that body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and specific growth rates were significantly increased in ZnO-NPs20 compared to all other groups. The dietary supplementation with 20 mg kg-1 of ZnO-NPs improved the antioxidant status of fish. Moreover, IgM, lysozyme and nitric oxide showed a significant increase in the fish which received the ZnO-NPs20-supplemented diet. A significant upregulation of growth and stress-related genes was seen in the ZnO-NPs20-supplemented group compared to other groups. However, there was no significant difference in the expression of immune-related genes among ZnO-NPs20, ZnO-NPs30 and ZnO30 groups. These findings highlight the potential use of nano-ZnO for improving growth performance, antioxidant status, immunological status and antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa in African catfish.

scholarly journals Hydrothermal Processing of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) Filets: Insights on the Nutritive Value and Organoleptic Parameters

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Victor Tosin Okomoda ◽  
Lateef Oloyede Tiamiyu ◽  
Amighty Olorunpelumi Ricketts ◽  
Sunday Abraham Oladimeji ◽  
Austine Agbara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Control Group ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Hydrothermal Processing ◽  
Organoleptic Parameters

This study evaluated the effects of cooking for different hydrothermal-treatment durations (10, 20, 30 and 40 min) on the proximate composition, amino acid profile, fatty acid composition and organoleptic parameters of filets of African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). Filets of the fish were prepared from market size African catfish with similar breeding history. Parameters of the processed filet under the different hydrothermal durations were also compared against a raw–unprocessed control group except during organoleptic analysis. The results obtained revealed a significant increase in protein, fat and ash content until the 30th minute of hydrothermal processing (p ≤ 0.05). Beyond this processing time, protein and fat significantly reduced while ash remains unaffected. The same trend was observed for most essential/non-essential amino acids isolated as well as the prominent saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. In all, the raw control group consistently recorded the least values of nutritional components. The perception of assessors was, however, found to be similar (p ≥ 0.05) in terms of organoleptic parameters regardless of the duration of the processing time of the filets. It was concluded that cooking the African catfish filet using the hydrothermal method should not be extended beyond 30 min.

scholarly journals White Mulberry (Morus alba) Foliage Methanolic Extract Can AlleviateAeromonas hydrophilaInfection in African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atefeh Sheikhlar ◽  
Abd Razk Alimon ◽  
Hassan Daud ◽  
Chee R. Saad ◽  
Carl D. Webster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Infected Fish ◽  
Morus Alba ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
White Mulberry ◽  
And Control

Two experiments were simultaneously conducted withMorus alba(white mulberry) foliage extract (MFE) as a growth promoter and treatment ofAeromonas hydrophilainfection in separate 60 and 30 days trail (Experiments 1 and 2, resp.) in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). In Experiment 1, four diets, control and control supplemented with 2, 5, or 7 g MFE/kg dry matter (DM) of diet, were used. In Experiment 2, fish were intraperitoneally infected withAeromonas hydrophilaand fed the same diets as experiment 1 plus additional two diets with or without antibiotic. Results of experiment 1 showed that growth was unaffected by dietary levels of MFE. Treatments with the inclusion of MFE at the levels of 5 and 7 g/Kg DM had no mortality. Red blood cells (RBC), albumin, and total protein were all higher for the treatments fed MFE (5 and 7 g/Kg DM). Results of experiment 2 showed RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, globulin, albumin, and total protein improved with the increase in MFE in the infected fish. The dietary MFE at the level of 7 g/kg DM reduced mortality rate. In conclusion, MFE at the level of 7 g/kg DM could be a valuable dietary supplement to cure the infected fish.

Body weight changes, nutrient utilization and intestinal microflora of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fed Aloe barbadensis leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 385-398
Author(s):  
S. I. Ajibola ◽  
S. O. Obasa ◽  
A. K. Akintokun ◽  
I. Abdulraheem
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Intestinal Microflora ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Aloe Barbadensis

Immuno-nutrition studies have shown that some nutrients are linked to the immunological status of fish. Growth performance, nutrient utilization and intestinal microflora were examined in Clarias gariepinus. The 120 C. gariepimus fingerlings (weight, 2.33±0.07g)were fed Aloe barbadensis leaves-paste supplemented diets in 40L freshwater-filled plastic tanks ad libitum twice daily for 12 weeks. The experimental diets containing 40% crude protein were supplemented with three concentration of A. barbadensis leaves-paste: ABL1-1%; ABL2-2%; ABL3-3% and control-0%. Mean weight gain (MWG) and percentage weight gain (PWG) increased (p<0.05) as the concentration of A. barbadensis increased. MWG (17.95±0.78) and PWG (772.2±54.94) were highest in fish fed ABL3 and lowest MWG (11.92±1.16) and PWG (17.95±0.78) in fish fed control diet. Nutrients were better utilized among the diets supplemented group at different significant levels (p < 0.05). The highest value of ANPU was observed in ABL1 when compared to all other treatments including the control. Survival rate decreased as concentration of paste increased. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) in the total bacterial counts (TBC) in A. barbadensis leaves-paste supplemented diets and the control having the highest TBC (23.67 ±0.88 x 105 CFU/ml). Growth of total fungal counts (TFC) was not observed in ABLI. There was a reduction in TFC as the concentration increased in the other supplemented diets, and the control having the highest TFC (7.67 ± 0.44 x 105CFU/ml). The study concluded that inclusion of 1% A. barbadensis leaves-paste as supplement in the diet could effectively improve the growth performance, nutrient utilization and survival of cultured C. gariepinus. A. barbadensis leaves-paste could also reduce the microbial load of the fish.

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