scholarly journals Justice in Sociological Discourse: Semantic, Empirical, Historical, and Conceptual Challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 218-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Trotsuk
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Social Sciences And Humanities ◽  
Military Conflicts ◽  
Order Construct ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Sociological Discourse ◽  
Conceptual Foundations ◽  
Additional Explanation

One of the key features of social sciences and humanities distinguishing them from technical and natural sciences are the frequent intersections of their terminology with everyday discourse. Some social concepts have completely different interpretations in sociological discourse and everyday life, with the words “field” and “panel” as good examples. However, the majority of similar concepts of everyday life and sociological research have quite the same content. The word “justice” and its derivatives stand out in this set of terms, for hardly any other concept in human history is saturated with political connotations, or requires little additional explanation when used in social-economic debates or military conflicts. As a result, the word “justice” is widely used in all “life-worlds” (i.e., according to A. Schütz, justice seems to be both a ‘first-order construct’ and a ‘second-order construct’), which complicates its unambiguous conceptual and empirical interpretations in sociological research. The article was supposed to be a review of two books, A History of Justice: From the Pluralism of Forums to the Modern Dualism of Conscience and Law by P. Prodi, and The Idea of Justice by A. Sen, providing a clearer conceptual definition of justice. However, it turned into reflections with some theoretical and empirical examples on why such searches in sociology are important and inevitable, but are unlikely to end with a satisfying result. This does not make such searches meaningless, but rather utopian in nature, and essential for the self-identification of the discipline through the questioning of its own conceptual foundations.

Meaning and Value in the Everyday

Waste ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Eiko Maruko Siniawer
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Postwar Japan ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of

The Introduction suggests an expansive conception of waste which can encompass anything, material or not, which can be used and disused. Illustrating how an examination of waste can reveal what people find valuable and meaningful, this capacious definition of waste and its inextricability from everyday life are traced and pursued through the history of postwar Japan.

scholarly journals STUDIES OF HISTORICAL AND SOCIAL MEMORY IN MODERN RUSSIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY

2021 ◽  
pp. 79-87
Author(s):  
Анна Валерьевна Белова ◽  
Галина Алексеевна Кокорина
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Social Memory ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Gender Specificity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Modern Russian

В статье рассматриваются основные точки зрения современных отечественных и зарубежных ученых, освещающие проблемы изучения исторической и социальной памяти. Анализируются существенные подходы к определению таких понятий как «историческая память», «социальная память», «место памяти», «коллективная память». Дается характеристика исследований, посвященных изучению мемуарного текста, через гендерные различия воспроизводства памяти об исторической родине. Рассматриваются основные точки зрения на гендерную специфику памяти об исторической родине. Описываются взгляды современных историографов, освещающие вопросы истории повседневности. Проводится анализ основной и ведущей совокупности исследований в области истории повседневности в связи с исследованиями памяти. Также в работе рассматриваются основные научные труды в рамках темы памяти иностранцев об исторической родине. The article deals with the main points of view of modern domestic and foreign historiographers, highlighting the main processes and methods in the study of historical memory. The main approaches to the definition of such concepts as «historical memory», «social memory», «place of memory», «collective memory» are analyzed. The article describes the research devoted to the study of the memoir text, through gender differences in the reproduction of the memory of the historical homeland. The main points of view on the gender specificity of the memory of the historical homeland are considered. The article describes the main points of view of modern historiographers, covering the issues of the history of everyday life. The analysis of the main and leading set of studies in the field of the history of everyday life is carried out. The paper also examines the main scientific works within the framework of a given topic.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
J. Ladyman ◽  
K. Wiesner
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Systems Theory ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Complexity Science ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Conceptual Foundations

This introductory chapter provides an overview and a brief history of complexity science, which is the study of complex systems. All living systems and all intelligent systems are complex systems. Complexity science is relatively new but already indispensable. Many of the most important problems in engineering, medicine, and public policy are now addressed with the ideas and methods of complexity science. However, there is no agreement about the definition of 'complexity' or 'complex system', nor even about whether a definition is possible or needed. The conceptual foundations of complexity science are disputed, and there are many and diverging views among scientists about what complexity and complex systems are. Even the status of complexity as a discipline can be questioned given that it potentially covers almost everything. The origins of complexity science lie in cybernetics and systems theory, both of which began in the 1950s. Complexity science is related to dynamical systems theory, which matured in the 1970s, and to the study of cellular automata, which were invented at the end of the 1940s. By then computer science had become established as a new scientific discipline.

scholarly journals Identity politics as the basis for interethnic accord in a multiethnic region (on the example of Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug)

2020 ◽  
pp. 178-199
Author(s):  
Mikhail Martynov ◽  
Viktoria Purtova
Keyword(s):  
Identity Politics ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Interethnic Relations ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Conceptual Foundations ◽  
Identity Policy

The article attempts to identify the correlation between the state of interethnic accord in the region and the conceptual foundations of the identity policy on the example of such a multinational region of the Russian Federation with increased migration attractiveness as Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Ugra. Bringing out the two main types of identities – ethnopolitical and macropolitical – the authors draw attention to the fact that in the justification of each type stand the interests of groups in real policy and the scientific tradition as well. Appealing to this or that concept is defined both by the conservatism of these traditions and by political circumstances. The definition of interethnic harmony is proposed in the article. The empirical basis of the research are the results of sociological surveys conducted under the leadership of the authors in 2018–2019, secondary analysis of the results of sociological research conducted in 2014–2015 in the region, as well as data from official statistics. The method of cluster analysis of data obtained from the sociological survey on the territories of municipal entities of the autonomous okrug was applied. The results of the sociological surveys make it possible to establish a correlation between the respondents' assessment of the state of interethnic relations and the activities of political actors in the sphere of identity policy. The cross-temporal comparison of identity policy conducted in the region in the 2010 s, showed that, the policy based on national-state (macropolitical) identity to ensure interethnic accord was more effective. The Russian regions are multiethnic in composition. Therefore, the study of the conceptual foundations of the formation of interethnic accord by means of identity policy on the example of such a multiethnic region with high migration attractivness, as Ugra, is relevant.

A Definition

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Wodziński
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
The Self ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Group Boundaries ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
New View

What did it mean for an ordinary Jew to be a Hasid? Although there are dozens of definitions of Hasidism, all of them are built on doctrinal categories. The chapter demonstrates these kinds of ideological definitions are inadequate, given that they turn Hasidism into an abstract doctrine, disconnected from its believers and their daily practices. Instead, this chapter offers a behavioral, or performative, definition of Hasidism as practiced in everyday life, a definition based on low-profile, often folk testimony, i.e. it shows what rank-and-file followers understood being a Hasid meant and how they defined their own distinctive features. It demonstrates that, contrary to a predominant assumption, the self-definition of a Hasidic group was closer to a confraternity than to a sect, which provides entirely new analytical categories and allows for a new view of the history of Hasidism, inter-group boundaries, and more.

scholarly journals The Study of Emotions as an Area of Interdisciplinary Cooperation: The History and Sociology of Emotions in the Search for the Explanation of “Emotional Turn” (On the Russian Translation of the Jan Plamper’s The History of Emotions)

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 356-378
Author(s):  
Olga Simonova
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Social Constructivism ◽  
Interdisciplinary Cooperation ◽  
Synthetic Approach ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Sociology Of Emotions ◽  
History Of Emotions ◽  
Social Sciences And Humanities ◽  
Emotional Culture ◽  
History Of

A review of Y. Plamper’s book The History of Emotions could hardly reflect its content of the process of the emergence of the history of the discipline of emotions, and the rich variety of problems and themes in the field of emotion research. Therefore, the topic of this article concerns the meaning of this monograph for the sociological study of emotions. We tried to highlight the points of the intersection of the history and the sociology of emotions, including the sociological explanation of the so-called “emotional turn” in social sciences and humanities and in everyday life of contemporary society. The main theoretical and methodological opposition — social constructivism versus universalism/naturalism — pervades all sciences researching emotions today, and a researcher’s destiny depends on the choice within the framework of this opposition. Plamper’s book allows the making of that choice, while inciting researchers to a synthetic approach. The book helps to refine and enrich the sociological study of emotions on the basis of factual evidence and new terminology. One of the most important tasks of both disciplines is the explanation of the changes of the emotional culture of modern societies, which, according to the author of the article, involves an “explosion” of interest in emotions in theory, research, and everyday life. Perhaps a new “sentimental age” has begun as an unintended consequence of the rationalization of all spheres of society. The combination of a rational attitude to emotions and, at the same time, the special attention to feelings, the explosions of collective emotions, and the persistent searching for authentic feelings are features of the emotional culture of our time.

scholarly journals The concept of “sustainable development” at macro micro-levels: historical overview, approaches to interpretation, characteristics of component concepts

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
Yuliia VOLKOVA
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
Enterprise Level ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Conceptual Foundations

Introduction. Currently, leading economists from different countries are paying more and more attention to the issue of ”sustainable development”, as this issue is currently relevant not only for the country's economy as a whole, but also at the enterprise level. However, because this is a multifaceted and complex category. Many questions arise around it and they remain insufficiently studied and require in-depth research. The purpose of the paper. The scientific literature contains different approaches and different interpretations of the concept of “sustainable development” each scientist interprets this concept in his research. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the historical aspects of the emergence of this concept, to summarize the existing approaches to the interpretation of the category of “sustainable development” and to provide their own understanding of this concept. Find out the main components of sustainable development at the macro and micro levels and provide their characteristics, as well as understand what factors influence the sustainable development of the enterprise. Results. This paper analyzes the history of the concept of sustainable development, notes the basic principles of sustainable development. The approaches of various scientific opinions to the definition of “sustainable development” have been studied, generalized and systematized. Using the experience of domestic and foreign scientists on the interpretation of the concept of sustainable development, defined their own vision of the essence of the concept, and defined the concept of “sustainable development of the enterprise”. The conceptual foundations of the theory of sustainable development, which see a combination of certain basic components, were analyzed. The paper describes the above components of sustainable development in terms of enterprise: economic, social, environmental. The main factors influencing the sustainable development of an industrial enterprise are identified. Conclusion. Thus, the needs of a market economy in modern conditions require more flexibility from enterprises, more policies that are «modern» and strategies of competition. This, in turn, encourages companies to seek new approaches to conducting their business. It is the trajectory of sustainable development of economic activity of the enterprise and is one of the key activities of economic entities, which will contribute to the effective results of this activity.

scholarly journals «Sociology» and «History of Sociology» for «Social work»: to the conceptualization of sociological component education

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Educational Program ◽  
Educational Programme ◽  
Thematic Structure ◽  
History Of Sociology ◽  
National University ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
Conceptual Foundations

The article proposes a review and substantiation of the conceptual foundations of the study of sociology within the framework of the Educational Programme «Social work» at the sociological faculty of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University. The relevance of such a statement of the problem is associated with a discussion of the definition of the purpose of this educational program and its features, which consist, in particular, in in-depth training in sociology. Based on the characteristics and features of the educational program, the article formulates the initial provisions that guide the conceptualization of its sociological component, in particular, the nature of the discipline, the main direction of the sociological component of training, its central concept and requirements for the structure. Thematic priorities in teaching courses in «Sociology» and «History of Sociology» within the framework of the Social Work educational program have been determined. The substantiation of the conceptual foundations and thematic structure of the course «History of Sociology» is presented. In particular, the main questions have been identified that the course should answer and, accordingly, the historical and sociological material was selected. Reorientation from methodological to ontological features of sociological theorizing is substantiated. A method of paradigmatic unification of sociological concepts for effective understanding by students of the essence of sociological thinking has been chosen. The main sections of the course are characterized and its thematic structure is presented. The thematic plan of the course «Sociology» as an element of the sociological component of the educational program «Social work» is proposed and its differences from the thematic structure of the sociology course for non-core audiences are argued. By referring to the psychological, pedagogical and didactic aspects, the author describes the introduction of an appropriate system of methods of teaching, learning, support and assessment of educational activities within the framework of the courses «Sociology» and «History of Sociology».

Żydzi z Chmielnika w czasie okupacji niemieckiej (1939–1943)

2007 ◽  
pp. 42-63
Author(s):  
Sara Bender
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
History Of

The author discusses the history of the Jews of Chmielnik, a town situated 30 kilometres away from Kielce: from a short introduction covering the inter-war period, through the German invasion, ghetto formation, everyday life n the ghetto, deportations and the fate of the survivors. The author extensively describes social organisations and their activity in Chmielnik  (Judenrat, Ha Szomer ha-Cair), as well as the contacts between the Jews and the Poles.

Towards the digital land reclamation

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
Sergey Vasil'ev ◽  
Vyacheslav Schedrin ◽  
Aleksandra Slabunova ◽  
Vladimir Slabunov
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Optimal Management ◽  
Scientific Potential ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Full Cooperation

The aim of the research is a retrospective analysis of the history and stages of development of digital land reclamation in Russia, the definition of «Digital land reclamation» and trends in its further development. In the framework of the retrospective analysis the main stages of melioration formation are determined. To achieve the maximum effect of the «digital reclamation» requires full cooperation of practical experience and scientific potential accumulated throughout the history of the reclamation complex, and the latest achievements of science and technology, which is currently possible only through the full digitalization of reclamation activities. The introduction of «digital reclamation» will achieve greater potential and effect in the modernization of the reclamation industry in the «hightech industry», through the use of innovative developments and optimal management decisions.

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