scholarly journals The effect of antibiotics on spermatogenesis (review)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
Z. A. Kadyrov ◽  
M. M. Akramov ◽  
E. M. Aldyrakov
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Cytotoxic Effect ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Negative Effect

This review analyzes studies on the negative effects of antibiotics on reproductive organs and their function. Many experimental studies record the negative effect of certain antibiotics, depending on the dose applied, on spermatogenesis. Unlike drugs of other groups, in which a direct cytotoxic effect on the testicular tissue occurs through a change in the level of hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis or through a direct effect on the testicle itself, when using some antibiotics, most often against the background of the inflammatory process, oxidative stress occurs in the testicular tissues, which leads to dystrophic lesions and violations of spermatogenesis indicators.

EVALUATION OF TOXIOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF MONTHMORRILLONITE CLAY FOR THE PURPOSE OF USING THEM AS ALUMOSILICATE SOBENT AGAINST THE NEGATIVE EFFECT OF MYCOTOXINS ON THE BODY OF ANIMALS AND BIRDS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-78
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Montmorillonite Clay ◽  
Test Substance ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Eyelid Edema ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
Negative Effect

The article presents the results of laboratory studies to assess the toxicological parameters of montmorillonite clay from the Pogadaevskoye deposit in the West Kazakhstan region in order to use them as an aluminosilicate sorbent in the composition of feeds that reduce the negative effects of mycotoxins on the body of animals and birds. The relevance of research is associated with the cultivation of healthy and highly productive animals and poultry in order to ensure the food security of the Republic of Kazakhstan.The studies carried out to assess the toxicological parameters of montmorillonite clay in order to use them as an aluminosilicate sorbent in experimental animals (rabbits and white rats) allowed the following results to be obtained: Visual study of the intensity of erythema when exposed to the test substance on the skin of rabbits showed their absence (0 points). The study of the intensity of edema (an increase in the thickness of the skin clutch of rabbits) when exposed to the test substance on the skin of rabbits showed no reaction (0 points). Studies evaluating the irritating effect of the test substances on the mucous membranes of the eyes of rabbits by symptoms of damage showed the absence of hyperemia (0 points). Weak eyelid edema (1 point), the minimum amount of discharge in the corner of the eye (1 point). The results of studies on the classification assessment of the test substance for the severity of the irritant effect on the eyes of rabbits showed that the average total score of the severity of the irritative effect corresponds to 1 point. A comprehensive analysis of the results obtained on the basis of scientific and experimental studies to assess the toxicological indicators of montmorillonite clay from the Pogadaevskoye deposit in relation to irritating effects on the skin and mucous membranes of experimental animals (rabbits) showed their harmlessness.

scholarly journals Responses to Drought and Salinity in the Endangered Species Ligularia sibirica (L.) Cass.

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 252
Author(s):  
Andreea Natalia Matei ◽  
Mohamad Al Hassan ◽  
Monica Boscaiu ◽  
Valeriu Alexiu ◽  
Oscar Vicente
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Plant Distribution ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Stress Biomarker

The negative effects of environmental stress factors on plant distribution and survival are increasing due to climate change and anthropogenic activities. We have analysed some responses to abiotic stress in Ligularia sibirica, a postglacial relict that is critically endangered in Europe. L. sibirica seedlings were subjected to water or salt stress treatments in the greenhouse. After the treatments, plant material was harvested and several growth parameters were measured; leaf contents of common osmolytes, the degree of oxidative stress affecting the plants and the level of antioxidant phenolic compounds were also determined. Both, drought and, especially, salt stress had a negative effect on the growth of L. sibirica plants. Treated plants showed an increase in proline (Pro) and total soluble sugars (TSS) levels, stronger under salt stress. Malondialdehyde (MDA, an oxidative stress biomarker) contents almost doubled, and antioxidant phenolics increased significantly in salt-stressed, but not in water-stressed plants. Pro accumulation can be used as a salt and drought stress biomarker in L. sibirica and, together with TSS, likely contributes to osmotic adjustment under stress. Increase of antioxidant phenolics appears to partly compensate the salt-induced generation of oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Short-term perioperative parecoxib is not detrimental to shaft fracture healing in a rat model

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 472-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geir A. Hjorthaug ◽  
Endre Søreide ◽  
Lars Nordsletten ◽  
Jan E. Madsen ◽  
Finn P. Reinholt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Healing ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Shaft Fracture ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Negative Effect

Objectives Experimental studies indicate that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may have negative effects on fracture healing. This study aimed to assess the effect of immediate and delayed short-term administration of clinically relevant parecoxib doses and timing on fracture healing using an established animal fracture model. Methods A standardized closed tibia shaft fracture was induced and stabilized by reamed intramedullary nailing in 66 Wistar rats. A ‘parecoxib immediate’ (Pi) group received parecoxib (3.2 mg/kg bodyweight twice per day) on days 0, 1, and 2. A ‘parecoxib delayed’ (Pd) group received the same dose of parecoxib on days 3, 4, and 5. A control group received saline only. Fracture healing was evaluated by biomechanical tests, histomorphometry, and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at four weeks. Results For ultimate bending moment, the median ratio between fractured and non-fractured tibia was 0.61 (interquartile range (IQR) 0.45 to 0.82) in the Pi group, 0.44 (IQR 0.42 to 0.52) in the Pd group, and 0.50 (IQR 0.41 to 0.75) in the control group (n = 44; p = 0.068). There were no differences between the groups for stiffness, energy, deflection, callus diameter, DXA measurements (n = 64), histomorphometrically osteoid/bone ratio, or callus area (n = 20). Conclusion This study demonstrates no negative effect of immediate or delayed short-term administration of parecoxib on diaphyseal fracture healing in rats. Cite this article: G. A. Hjorthaug, E. Søreide, L. Nordsletten, J. E. Madsen, F. P. Reinholt, S. Niratisairak, S. Dimmen. Short-term perioperative parecoxib is not detrimental to shaft fracture healing in a rat model. Bone Joint Res 2019;8:472–480. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.810.BJR-2018-0341.R1.

scholarly journals Mediating Effect of Internet Addiction on the Relationship Between Individualism and Cyberbullying: Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study

10.2196/16210 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. e16210
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Arpaci ◽  
Thabet Abdeljawad ◽  
Mustafa Baloğlu ◽  
Şahin Kesici ◽  
Ibrahim Mahariq
Keyword(s):  
Direct Effect ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Relationship

Background Among a variety of dynamics that may have effects on internet-related behaviors, cultural orientation is particularly important. Previous studies suggest that individualism is a strong determinant of certain behaviors. In addition, findings suggest that vertical individualism may lead to the development of more tolerance for addiction and aggression on the internet. Objective This study aimed to investigate whether vertical individualism has significant positive effects on cyberbullying and internet addiction and whether horizontal individualism has significant negative effects on cyberbullying and internet addiction. A theoretical model was specified to test the relationships among vertical versus horizontal individualism, cyberbullying, and internet addiction. Methods A total of 665 college students were selected using a convenience sampling method and willingly participated in the study. Participants’ ages ranged from 17 to 19 years (mean 17.94 years, SD 1.12 years). Of the group, 462 were women (462/665, 69.5%), and 203 were men (203/665, 30.5%). Study majors represented were mathematics (113/665, 17%), sciences (102/665, 15.3%), instructional technology (99/665, 14.9%), psychology (98/665, 14.7%), and others (253/665, 38.1%). Self-report instruments were used to measure vertical/horizontal individualism, cyberbullying, and internet addiction. Results Results show a significant positive effect of vertical individualism (effect size 0.10) and significant negative effect of horizontal individualism (effect size –0.12) on cyberbullying. In addition, the direct effect of vertical individualism on internet addiction was significant (effect size 0.28), but the direct effect of horizontal individualism was not (effect size –0.05). Internet addiction had a significant direct effect on cyberbullying (effect size 0.39) as well as an intervening effect on the relationship between vertical individualism and cyberbullying. Results also indicate significant gender differences in cultural patterns and internet addiction. Conclusions The findings suggest that horizontal and vertical individualism have significant effects on internet addiction. The findings also suggest that vertical individualists are more vulnerable to internet addiction. Further, the findings indicate a significant relationship between internet addiction and cyberbullying.

scholarly journals Di-(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate Increases Obesity-Induced Damage to the Male Reproductive System in Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Zhao ◽  
Shi Ren ◽  
Chunyu Liu ◽  
Li Huo ◽  
Zheng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
Productive Function ◽  
High Level ◽  
Secondary Hypogonadism ◽  
Ethylhexyl Phthalate ◽  
Nrf2 Protein

Objective. This study evaluated the effects of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and obesity on male reproductive organ function in male mice and the potential mechanism of male secondary hypogonadism (SH) in such mice. Methods. 140 mice were assigned to six groups for 12 weeks: normal, DEHP, DIO, DIO + DEHP low, DIO + DEHP middle, and DIO + DEHP high. The effects of DEHP and obesity upon the reproductive organs were determined by measuring sperm count and motility, relative testis and epididymis weight, hormone level, and pathological changes. Oxidative stress was evaluated by determining malondialdehyde, T-AOC, SOD, GSH, H2O2, CAT, and GSH-PX in testicular tissues. Nrf2 and Keap1 protein were measured by Western blotting. Results. DEHP and obesity reduced sperm count and motility, relative testis and epididymis weight, and testosterone level but increased the levels of MDA, H2O2, leptin, and estradiol. Pathological injury was observed in the testicular Leydig cells. Moreover, the activity of CAT, SOD, and GSH-Px enzymes was inhibited. Nrf2 protein expression was reduced but that of Keap1 was increased. Conclusions. DEHP and obesity jointly caused damage to male productive function. Oxidative stress in testicular tissue, and a high level of leptin, may provide some evidence to clarify the mechanisms of male SH with DEHP and obesity.

scholarly journals Safety of the Russian antiviral drug Kagocel

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (11) ◽  
pp. 93-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
T G Borovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Impurity Content ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Negative Effect

The review gives summarized information on the preclinical data and clinical trials evaluating the safety of the antiviral drug Kagocel. It notes that the manufacturer of the drug pay special attention to the control of its impurity content. There is information on the development and validation of highly sensitive and specific high-performance liquid chromatography procedures, the application of which can guarantee that free gossypol impurities are absent in the drug. The results of preclinical toxicity study of Kagocel in experiments on laboratory animals are briefly reviewed; particular attention is paid to the investigation of the drug’s safety for the reproductive system of immature animals. It is noted that evaluation of the total toxic properties of Kagocel has revealed no signs of intoxication. Investigations of the reproductive toxicity of Kagocel have showed no effect on spermatogenesis. A set of experimental studies of the long-term effects of the use of Kagocel in different regimens has confirmed that the drug has no negative effect on the reproductive organs in the offspring of experimental rats and on its development. Many clinical trials, including those with participation of children aged 2 years or older, have provided important data on drug safety. The results given in the review lead to the conclusion that the use of the antiviral drug Kagocel in both general and pediatric practice is proven safe.

scholarly journals Mediating Effect of Internet Addiction on the Relationship Between Individualism and Cyberbullying: Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Arpaci ◽  
Thabet Abdeljawad ◽  
Mustafa Baloğlu ◽  
Şahin Kesici ◽  
Ibrahim Mahariq
Keyword(s):  
Direct Effect ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Relationship

BACKGROUND Among a variety of dynamics that may have effects on internet-related behaviors, cultural orientation is particularly important. Previous studies suggest that individualism is a strong determinant of certain behaviors. In addition, findings suggest that vertical individualism may lead to the development of more tolerance for addiction and aggression on the internet. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate whether vertical individualism has significant positive effects on cyberbullying and internet addiction and whether horizontal individualism has significant negative effects on cyberbullying and internet addiction. A theoretical model was specified to test the relationships among vertical versus horizontal individualism, cyberbullying, and internet addiction. METHODS A total of 665 college students were selected using a convenience sampling method and willingly participated in the study. Participants’ ages ranged from 17 to 19 years (mean 17.94 years, SD 1.12 years). Of the group, 462 were women (462/665, 69.5%), and 203 were men (203/665, 30.5%). Study majors represented were mathematics (113/665, 17%), sciences (102/665, 15.3%), instructional technology (99/665, 14.9%), psychology (98/665, 14.7%), and others (253/665, 38.1%). Self-report instruments were used to measure vertical/horizontal individualism, cyberbullying, and internet addiction. RESULTS Results show a significant positive effect of vertical individualism (effect size 0.10) and significant negative effect of horizontal individualism (effect size –0.12) on cyberbullying. In addition, the direct effect of vertical individualism on internet addiction was significant (effect size 0.28), but the direct effect of horizontal individualism was not (effect size –0.05). Internet addiction had a significant direct effect on cyberbullying (effect size 0.39) as well as an intervening effect on the relationship between vertical individualism and cyberbullying. Results also indicate significant gender differences in cultural patterns and internet addiction. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that horizontal and vertical individualism have significant effects on internet addiction. The findings also suggest that vertical individualists are more vulnerable to internet addiction. Further, the findings indicate a significant relationship between internet addiction and cyberbullying.

Effect of Exposure to Mixture of Heavy Metals Arsenic, Cadmium and Lead on Reproductive Function and Oxidative Stress in Female Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Choudhuri D. ◽  
Bhattacharjee T.
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Oestrus Cycle ◽  
Implantation Sites ◽  
Live Fetus

Background : Toxicological consequences arising from exposure to mixtures of heavy metals especially at low, chronic and environmentally relevant doses are poorly recognised. In the present study, we evaluated effects of chronic exposure to combinations of three metals arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) present frequently in drinking water on reproductive function and oxidative damage caused to reproductive organs of female rats. Method : Female rats were exposed to mixture of metals (As, Cdand Pb) for 90 consecutive days. The gain in body weight and weight of reproductive organs were recorded following autopsy on 91 stday. The oestrus cycle were monitored during entire treatment period. Numbers of corpora lutea, implantation sites, live fetus and survival of the fetus were evaluated in rats mated successfully with untreated male after completion of their respective treatment. Ovarian cholesterol, protein, ascorbic acid and enzyme Δ 5 -3β HSD levels were estimated. Serum levels of steroid hormones oestrogen and progesterone were estimated. Histopathological picture of both ovary and uterus were assessed. Levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidise (GPX) activity, amount of reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondyaldehyde (MDA) in blood, ovary and uterus were measured as biomarkers of oxidative stress. Results : The treated rats showed reduced body weight gain and reduction in the weight of ovary and uterus. Oestrus cycle was disrupted with continuous diestrous in treated animals. Number of corpora lutea, implantation sites and live fetus and the survival of fetus evaluate were reduced significantly in treated groups. The levels of ovarian cholesterol and ascorbic acid increased in treated rats with decrease Δ5 -3β HSD level. There was reduction in serum level of both the ovarian steroid hormones oestrogen and progesterone. The protein levels did not differ between the groups. There was a significant increase in levels of MDA and decrease in levels of all the antioxidant enzymes in treated group. Conclusion : The results revealed there was disruption to reproductive functions with decrease in stereoidogenic activity and associated oxidative stress in female rats treated with combination of mixture of metals (Cd, As and Pb) at low dose for 90 consecutive days.

The mechanisms involved in obesity-induced male infertility

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Heydari ◽  
Rafighe Ghiasi ◽  
Saber Ghaderpour ◽  
Rana Keyhanmanesh
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Male Infertility ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Significant Evidence ◽  
Male Reproductive Function ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Introduction: Obesity resulted by imbalance between the intake of energy and energy consumption can lead to growth and metabolic disease development in people. Both in obese men and animal models, several studies indicate that obesity leads to male infertility. Objective: This review has discussed some mechanisms involved in obesity-induced male infertility. Method: Online documents were searched through Science Direct, Pubmed, Scopus, and Google Scholar websites dating from 1959 to recognize studies on obesity, kisspeptin, leptin, and infertility. Results: Obesity induced elevated inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress can affect male reproductive functions including spermatogenesis disorders, reduced male fertility power and hormones involved in hypothalamus-pituitarygonadal axis. Conclusion: There is significant evidence that obesity resulted in male infertility. obesity has negative effect on male reproductive function via several mechanisms such as inflammation and oxidative stress.

The Impact of L-Carnitine and Coenzyme Q10 as Protection Against Busulfan-Oxidative Stress in the Liver of Adult Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 578-586
Author(s):  
Areeg M. Abdelrazek ◽  
Shimaa A. Haredy
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Coenzyme Q10 ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Stress Damage ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Liver Tissues

Background: Busulfan (Bu) is an anticancer drug with a variety of adverse effects for cancer patients. Oxidative stress has been considered as a common pathological mechanism and it has a key role in the initiation and progression of liver injury by Bu. Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant impact of L-Carnitine and Coenzyme Q10 and their protective role against oxidative stress damage in liver tissues. Methods and Material: Thirty-six albino rats were divided equally into six groups. G1 (con), received I.P. injection of DMSO plus 1 ml of distilled water daily by oral gavages; G2 (Bu), received I.P. injection of Bu plus 1 ml of the distilled water daily; G3 (L-Car), received 1 ml of L-Car orally; G4 (Bu + L-Car) received I.P. injection of Bu plus 1 ml of L-Car, G5 (CoQ10) 1 ml of CoQ10 daily; and G6 (Bu + CoQ10) received I.P. injection of Bu plus 1 ml of CoQ10 daily. Results: The recent data showed that Bu induced significant (P<0.05) elevation in serum ALT, AST, liver GSSG, NO, MDA and 8-OHDG, while showing significant (P<0.05) decrease in liver GSH and ATP. On the other hand, L-Carnitine and Coenzyme Q10 ameliorated the negative effects prompted by Bu. Immunohistochemical expression of caspase-3 in liver tissues reported pathological alterations in Bu group while also showed significant recovery in L-Car more than CoQ10. Conclusion: L-Car, as well as CoQ10, can enhance the hepatotoxic effects of Bu by promoting energy production in oxidative phosphorylation process and by scavenging the free radicals.

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