INDOLEBUTYRIC ACID AND ZINC IN THE ROOTING OF ROOTSTOCK SEEDLINGS OF ‘CRAVO’ LEMON IN HYDROPONIC SYSTEM

It was intended to evaluate the influence of indolebutyric acid (IBA) and zinc upon the rooting and development of rootstock of ‘Cravo’ lemon tree transplants of bare root to the modified hydroponic system in the grafting stage. Plants of rootstocks were treated by immersion of their root system into the different solutions tested for 24 hours. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with seven treatments composed of IBA doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg.L-1 and Enervig® which contains in its formulation 33.92 g.L-1 of Zn at 60, 90 and 120 ml.L-1, and distilled water as a control with three replications and nine plants per plot, amounting to 189 plants , 15 cm tall. The rootstocks were transplanted to the tubes and taken to the modified hydroponic system, being evaluated (1) the development of the plants and (2) the time needed for the rootstocks to reach the grafting stage, considered ideal between 5 and 6 mm in diameter. The treatment with a solution of 100 mg.L-1of IBA proved superior to the others in the development of height and biomass yield and tended to provide greater stem diameter development. The grafting point was obtained, on average at 70 days after transplanting and the production of Rangpur lime trees in a hydroponic system may be recommended. When the root system of the ‘Cravo’ lemon tree was treated with 100 mg.L-1 solution the IBA grafting point was obtained at 45 days after transplanting.

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LEADING SYSTEMS AND VIABILITY OF CITRIC BUDS IN HYDROPONICS

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252019v32n209rc ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 364-369

Author(s):

WIARA DE ASSIS GOMES ◽

NILTON NAGIB JORGE CHALFUN ◽

PEDRO MARANHA PECHE ◽

JOSÉ DARLAN RAMOS ◽

VALDEMAR FAQUIN

Keyword(s):

Hydroponic System ◽

Citrus Plant ◽

Rangpur Lime ◽

Lime Tree ◽

Orange Tree ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Median Part ◽

Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the production of budstocks and the viability of the buds of the ‘Valencia’ and ‘Pera’ orange tree varieties in a hydroponic system. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design in a 2 × 3 factorial scheme. The two orange varieties were grafted onto the Rangpur lime tree with three leading systems (single stem, two stems, and three stems) and three replications of 10 plants per plot. The time that elapsed between pruning the stems at 40 cm and the first collection, as well as the time between each harvest were determined. The number of buds in the median part of the stems and percentage of viable buds in each leading system were also measured. This was determined after performing inverted T budding on the Rangpur lime tree rootstocks and verifying that the procedure was successful. The production of citrus plant budstocks is feasible in a hydroponic system.

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Comparison on biomass production of three fodder germplasms

Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.3329/bjas.v42i1.15772 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

pp. 35-39 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

AR Kanak ◽

MJ Khan ◽

MR Debi ◽

ZH Khandakar ◽

MK Pikar

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Plant Height ◽

Biomass Production ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Biomass Yield ◽

Fresh Biomass ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Dry Biomass ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Brachiaria Mutica

The experiment was conducted to study the comparison on biomass production of fodder germplasm. Para (Brachiaria mutica Stapf.), German (Echinochloa crusgalli L.) and Dhal (Hymenachne pseudointerrupta C. Muell) grasses were cultivated in a completely randomized design (CRD). The whole area was divided into nine plots. The area of each unit plot was 6 m x 6 m. Number of cuttings were 16,000 /hectare where Plant to Plant distance was 16 cm and row and raw distance was 16 cm. Equal amount of organic and chemical fertilizer were applied in all cutting. The fodders were first harvested after 60 days of planting, second and third after successive 60 days of re-growth. The findings of the study showed that fresh biomass (p<0.01) and dry biomass yield (p<0.05) of three fodder germplasm differed significantly. Crude protein and organic matter yield were significant (p<0.01) only in the second cutting. German grass was showed significantly higher in CP and OM yield (p<0.01) at second cutting than other grasses. However, no significant effect on plant height was observed among three grasses. From the above findings it may be concluded that among the three fodder germplasm, German fodder showed best result in respect of biomass production. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v42i1.15772 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2013. 42 (1): 35-39

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Nutrient and inorganic solute (Na+ and Cl-) content in green onion plants under hydroponic cultivation using brackish water

Ciência e Agrotecnologia ◽

10.1590/1413-7054202044013320 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 44 ◽

Author(s):

Carlos Donato da Silva Souza ◽

Geronimo Ferreira da Silva ◽

Sirleide Maria de Menezes ◽

José Edson Florentino de Morais ◽

José Amilton Santos Júnior ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Solution ◽

Brackish Water ◽

Hydroponic System ◽

Brackish Waters ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Hydroponic Cultivation ◽

Salinity Levels ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Harmful Effects ◽

Different Levels

ABSTRACT Cultivation using brackish waters can result in nutritional and metabolic imbalances in several plant species, consequently reducing the production of dry matter (DM) and accumulation of toxic ions (Na+ and/or Cl-) in plants. We evaluated the DM production, and nutrient and inorganic solute (Na+ and Cl-) content in green onion plants (cv. Todo Ano Evergreen - Nebuka) under different levels of nutrient solution salinity in combination with circulation frequencies of this solution. Two experiments were conducted in a hydroponic system, using a completely randomized design, in a 6 × 2 factorial scheme, with five replicates: six levels of nutrient solution salinity (1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0, 7.5, and 9.0 dS m-1) and two solution circulation frequencies (twice and thrice a day). In Experiment I, the evapotranspired depth was replaced using brackish water that was used to prepare each of the salinity levels (used exclusively), whereas in Experiment II, brackish water was used only to prepare each of the salinity levels and public water was used (electrical conductivity [ECw] = 0.12 dS m-1) for replacement in all treatments. The increase in the nutrient solution salinity reduced the production of DM and accumulation of nutrients; the reductions were more pronounced when brackish waters were used exclusively (Experiment I). However, the circulation of solutions thrice a day resulted in the harmful effects of the salinity effect. Replacing the evapotranspirated blade with water supply (Experiment II) mitigated the deleterious effects of salinity. Moreover, three circulations of the nutrient solution daily resulted in lower accumulation of inorganic Na+ and Cl- solutes and increased accumulation of nutrients N, P, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and S in the culture.

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Indolebutyric acid on rooting of peach hardwood cuttings

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n5p2273 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (5) ◽

pp. 2273

Author(s):

João Alison Alves Oliveira ◽

Cláudio Horst Bruckner ◽

Danielle Fabíola Pereira da Silva ◽

Carlos Eduardo Magalhães dos Santos ◽

Flávio Travassos Régis de Albuquerque Filho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adventitious Rooting ◽

Indolebutyric Acid ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Mist Chamber ◽

Root Quality ◽

Plastic Trays

In the search for more efficient techniques for the propagation of peach cuttings, this study aimed to evaluate the rooting of hardwood cuttings of peach rootstock genotypes under different indolebutyric acid (IBA) concentrations. In the winter of 2016, the basal end of cuttings of genotypes 1701-1, 1701-2, 102-1, 102-2, 202-1 and 'Okinawa' were dipped into solutions with five concentrations of IBA (0, 1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000 mg mg L-1) for 5 seconds. The cuttings were then placed in sand in plastic trays and kept in a mist chamber. The experiment was arranged in a 6x5 factorial, completely randomized design, with 5 replications, and each plot consisted of eight cuttings. After 59 days, the variables related to rooting and root quality were evaluated. Genotypes 102-1 and 202-1 showed high adventitious rooting potential in hardwood cuttings, with 76.8 and 66.5% of rooting, respectively. The concentration of 2000 mg.L-1 of IBA acid can be recommended for the treatment of hardwood cuttings of the tested rootstocks for propagation in the winter.

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Effects of aqueous plant extracts and inorganic fertilizer on the germination, growth and development of maize (Zea mays L.)

Journal of Agricultural Sciences Belgrade ◽

10.2298/jas1403243c ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 59 (3) ◽

pp. 243-254 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kanayo Chukwuka ◽

Maxwell Obiakara ◽

Israel Ogunsumi

Keyword(s):

Plant Extracts ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Tap Water ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Radicle Growth ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Npk Fertilizer ◽

Completely Randomized Design

Screen house experiments were carried out to examine the effects of aqueous leaf extracts of Tithonia diversifolia (Ti) and Vernonia amygdalina (Ve), as well as NPK fertilizer (15-15-15) on the germination, growth and development of maize. Fresh leaves were collected, washed with tap water, chopped and pounded, soaked in distilled water and filtered. The two filtrates were used to prepare extracts at 50 and 100% w/v. Four maize seeds were placed in Petri dishes laid out in a completely randomized design with five replicates. In every Petri dish 10 ml of extract per treatment was added. A control experiment with distilled water was also set up. Also, in a completely randomized design with four replicates, 4-week-old potted maize plants were treated with 500 ml of each extract as well as with 1.52 g of NPK fertilizer. The results showed that the germination percentage of the seeds followed the order Ti50 - Control - Ve50. The seeds treated with aqueous extracts of T. diversifolia and V. amygdalina at 100% w/v produced lower but equal germination percentage. The seedling radicle growth was significantly inhibited by the aqueous extracts of Ti100, Ve50 and Ve100 (p?0.05). The inhibition was dose-dependent and more pronounced in seeds treated with extracts of V. amygdalina. The aqueous extract of T. diversifolia (50% w/v) and control influenced radicle growth substantially. All the extracts inhibited the plumule development compared to the control. On the other hand, growth, development and yield were not significantly affected by the plant extracts.

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POTENSI TUMBUHAN BANGKAL (Nauclea Orientalis) UNTUK PENGENDALIAN BAKTERI Aeromonas Hydrophila (POTENTIAL PLANT BANGKAL (Nauclea orientalis) FOR CONTROL Aeromonas Hydrophila)

Fish Scientiae ◽

10.20527/fs.v2i4.1172 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 166

Author(s):

Siti Aisiah

Keyword(s):

Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽

Fish Farming ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Control Fish ◽

Toxicity Tests ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Normal Range ◽

Water Solvent ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah didapatkan metode pengendalian penyakit yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila pada budi daya ikan yang ramah lingkungan. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan uji sensitivitas terhadap bakteri A. hydrophila, uji minimal konsentrasi menghambat bakteri A. hydrophila (uji MIC) dan uji toksisitas terhadap ikan nila. Rancangan yang digunakan untuk uji toksisitas adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL), dengan 4 perlakuan yaitu A = Ikan disuntik dengan ekstrak bangkal konsentrasi 20%, B = Ikan disuntik dengan ekstrak bangkal konsentrasi 40%, C = Ikan disuntik dengan ekstrak bangkal konsentrasi 80%, dan D = Kontrol (ikan tidak disuntik), diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Perlakuan ini didapat dari hasil uji sensitivitas antibakteri bangkal yang mempunyai daya hambat dan daya bunuh paling besar terhadap bakteri A. hydrophila yaitu ekstrak daun bangkal dengan pelarut akuades. Pengujian MIC menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak bangkal-akuades memiliki daya hambat minimal 20 % terhadap aktivitas bakteri A. hydrophila. Hasil uji toksisitas yang dilakukan terhadap ikan nila dengan konsentrasi 20%, 40% dan 80% mortalitas ikan nila dibawah 50 %. Pengamatan hematologis yaitu eretrosit, leokosit, plasma darah, hematokrit dan leokokrit pada masing-masing perlakuan sebagian besar masih berada dalam kisaran yang normal. Parameter kualitas air yaitu, kadar oksigen terlarut, pH, amoniak, CO2 dan suhu masih dapat mendukung kehidupan normal ikan nila.The purpose of this study was obtained method of controlling diseases caused by Aeromonas hydrophila in fish farming is environmentally friendly. In this study the sensitivity of the test A. hydrophila, a minimum test konsentari inhibiting A. hydrophila (MIC test) and toxicity test on tilapia. The design used for toxicity tests is completely randomized design with 4 treatments it A = Fish injected with extracts bangkal concentration of 20 %, B = Fish injected with extracts bangkal concentration of 40 %, C = Fish injected with extracts of 80 % concentration bangkal, and D = Control ( fish not injected ), repeated 3 times. This treatment was obtained from the results of the sensitivity test antibacterial bangkal inhibition and has the power to kill most of the bacteria against A. hydrophila is bangkal leaf extract with distilled water solvent. MIC testing showed that the extract bangkal - distilled water has a minimum of 20 % inhibition of the bacterial activity A. hydrophila. Results of toxicity tests conducted on tilapia with a concentration of 20 %, 40 % and 80 % mortality of tilapia under 50 %. Haematological observation that eretrosit, leokosit, blood plasm, hematocrit and leokokrit in each treatment is still in the normal range. The water quality parameters, dissolved oxygen, pH, ammonia, CO2 and temperature can still support the normal life of tilapia.

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Superação de dormência e pré-germinação de sementes de Leucaena leucocephala

Revista Agraria Academica ◽

10.32406/v4n3/2021/40-48/agrariacad ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 40-48

Author(s):

Naiala da Hora Góes ◽

◽

Jacqueline de Brito Bispo ◽

Taise Conceição Rodrigues ◽

Manassés dos Santos Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leucaena Leucocephala ◽

Soft Drink ◽

Water Immersion ◽

Alternative Methods ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Germination Speed ◽

Completely Randomized Design

The objective of this study was to evaluate alternative methods to overcome dormancy in Leucena (Leucaena leucocephala) seeds. The seeds were collected from four different matrices and subsequently submitted to different treatments with mechanical scarification and immersion in water and soft drink at different times (0, 6, 24 and 48 h) at 25 ºC. A completely randomized design was used, consisting of 14 treatments composed of four replications containing 50 seeds each. The variables analyzed were: Germination at the first count (G); Normal Seedlings (PN); Hard or Dormant Seeds (SD); and Germination Speed Index (IVG). The results increased higher percentages of germination (G) in the T1 treatment (mechanical scarification) with 46.7 and 43.2% of normal seedlings (PN) with 43.2% and IVG of 41.9. However, when observing only the treatments submitted in different combinations, it was noted that the treatments T8 (Mechanical scarification and immersion in soda for 6h at 25 ºC) and T2 (Mechanical scarification and immersion in distilled water for 6h at 25 ºC) presented a germination of 44.7 and 39.7%, respectively. Thus, shorter water immersion times associated with mechanical scarification are required to obtain the highest percentage of germination and formation of normal seedlings.

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PERTUMBUHAN STEK KOPI ROBUSTA (Coffea canephora) DENGAN PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK BAWANG MERAH

Jurnal Media Pertanian ◽

10.33087/jagro.v6i1.108 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 43

Author(s):

Yulistiati Nengsih ◽

Aditya Deska Wahyu

Keyword(s):

Dry Weight ◽

Coffea Canephora ◽

Shoot Length ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Onion Extract ◽

Robusta Coffee ◽

Randomized Design ◽

The World ◽

Treatment Factor ◽

Completely Randomized Design

Indonesia is one of the largest coffee producing and exporting countries in the world. Most of the production is robusta variety. Coffee is the fourth largest foreign exchange earner for Indonesia after palm oil, rubber and cocoa and is a source of income for the community. Coffee can be developed in a generative (seed) and vegetative way, including using cuttings. Efforts to accelerate the formation of roots in cuttings can be done by using natural growth regulators, one of which is shallots which contain auxins. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of shallot extract on the growth of robusta coffee cuttings (Coffea canephora). This research was conducted from December 2019 to February 2020 at Campus II, Batanghari University (Pijoan). The design used in this study was a completely randomized design (CRD) with one treatment factor, namely shallot extract including; .k0 (without giving onion extract), k1 (250 g of shallots in 1 liter of distilled water), k2 (500 g of shallots in 1 liter of distilled water), k3 (750 g of shallots in 1 liter of distilled water), and k4 (1000 g of shallots in 1 liter of distilled water). Each stage of the experiment was repeated 3 times, so that there were 15 experimental plots, for each experiment there were 10 cuttings with a total of 150 cuttings. The observed data were analyzed using analysis of variance followed by the DNMRT test at α 5%. From the immersion treatment in 750 g of shallot extract in 1 liter of distilled water (k3), there was an increase in the percentage of live cuttings 47.37%, the percentage of shoots and roots growth of 83.51%, 106.06% of shoot length, and 98.03% of roots. , and the root dry weight of 225.27% compared without giving onion extract (k0).

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Characteristic of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) Protein Concentrates Protein Fraction on their Solubility

International Journal of ChemTech Research ◽

10.20902/ijctr.2019.130104 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 30-37

Author(s):

Ika Ratna Agustin ◽

Yunianta ◽

Teti Estiasih

Keyword(s):

Functional Properties ◽

Vigna Unguiculata ◽

Food Product ◽

Precipitation Method ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Maximum Solubility ◽

Protein Concentrates ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

High Concentrations

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) has a protein content of 22,9% to obtain the protein in high concentrations, is made as a concentrates or isolates protein. The aim of study to determine of chemical and functional properties of flour and cowpea protein concentrates on their solubility. The study uses a completely randomized design with precipitation method based on solvent, there is distilled water, 5% salt solution, alkaline solution (NaOH 0,5 N) and ethanol 70%. The result showed that cowpea protein fractions of albumin, globulin, glutelin and prolamin had different minimum and maximum solubility. Flour and cowpea protein concentrates had different chemical composition and functional properties. Flour and cowpea protein concentrates can be develop in various food product

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Agronomic response of kangkung plants typical of Lombok Island with a hydroponic system treated with Trichoderma bionutrients

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/913/1/012020 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 913 (1) ◽

pp. 012020

Author(s):

I M Sudantha ◽

Suwardji ◽

N L P N Sriwarthini

Keyword(s):

Experimental Method ◽

Home Garden ◽

Water Spinach ◽

Hydroponic System ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Soil Media ◽

Nutritional Needs ◽

Wet Weight ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Lombok Island

Abstract The kangkung (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk) is water spinach typical of Lombok Island, Indonesia with a crunchy texture and distinctive taste. It is very easy to be cultivated in the home garden organically in soil media, also to be planted hydroponically and aquaponically. Hydroponic system cultivation is the cultivation of plants by utilizing water without using soil with an emphasis on meeting the nutritional needs of plants. One of the nutrients that has good prospects is the Trichoderma bionutrient which is made from a mixture of bioactivator and biourin. The purpose of this study was to determine the agronomic response of water spinach plants typical of Lombok Island with a hydroponic system treated with Trichoderma bionutrients. The study used an experimental method carried out in a plastic house with a hydroponic system. The study used a completely randomized design with hydroponic nutrition treatment consisting of 6 levels, namely: without bionutrients, with bioactivator bionutrients, with biourin bionutrients, with a mixture of bioactivator and biourin, with AB mix nutrition, with a mixture of Trichoderma bionutrients and Ab mix nutrients. Each treatment was repeated 4 times so that there were 24 experimental units. The results showed that the treatment with a mixture of bionutrients with a mixture of bioactivators and Trichoderma biourin was as good as AB mix nutrition in promoting growth and wet weight of kangkung typical of Lombok Island.

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