scholarly journals Contents of HSP60 and HSP70 in tumor tissues of patients with bladder cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-82
Author(s):  
V. Dmytryk ◽  
Y. Zinkova ◽  
O. Savchuk
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Tnm Classification ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Prognostic Indicators ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
High Level

Bladder cancer (BC) continues to be a disease with a high mortality rate. BC is the 9th most frequently diagnosed cancer in the world. According to statistics, the largest number of patients with BC patients in developed countries. About 75 % of patients are men. Various molecules have been identified as potential prognostic indicators and/or targets for a given disease. However, the search for targets for the treatment and prevention of BC remains relevant. Recently, studies have been conducted on the participation of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in malignant neoplasms. In which high expression of HSPs is associated with the protection of transformed cells and the blocking of apoptosis. Data on overexpression of HSPs have been published for a number of oncological diseases, including breast, cervical, colon, lung and prostate cancers. Recent studies have closely linked the level of HSPs expression with the subsequent prognosis of the disease. The aim of the work was to identify the dynamics of HSP70 and HSP60 in tumors and walls of a healthy bladder in BC patients, depending on the stage of cancer with the TNM classification, and also on the degree of cell differentiation. In our study, an increase in HSPs content in homogenates of tumors was found in comparison with samples of healthy bladder walls, that is, an increase in HSPs content may be associated with BC. An increase in the content HSP60 and HSP70 was noted, depending on the BC stage, as well as on the degree of cell differentiation. A high level of HSP expression can ensure the correct folding and membrane transport of products of oncogenes and anti-oncogenes. On the other hand, high synthesis of HSPs can regulate the process of protein degradation and quickly normalize protein metabolism in cancer cells, ensuring the rapid growth of malignant tumors.

scholarly journals The content of matrix metalloproteinases in bladder cancer tumors

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
V. Dmytryk ◽  
O. Savchuk ◽  
I. Andriychenko
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Tnm Classification ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Basement Membranes ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Components ◽  
Mesenchymal Transformation

Bladder cancer (BC) is the 9th in frequency oncologic disease, with the highest number of patients in developed countries. The disease is more commonly diagnosed in men – about 75%. The ability to invade surrounding tissues and metastasis to individual organs is one of the fundamental properties of malignant tumors. According to modern ideas about mechanisms of metastasis, basement membranes and extracellular matrix are the main barriers, and tissue structures are needed to overcome the invasive growth of tumor cells. Almost all of the extracellular matrix components can be destroyed by the use of metal-matrix proteinases (MMP), moreover, the precursors of growth factors and adhesion molecules on the cell surface may be the MMP substrates. MMPs also participate in epithelial-mesenchymal transformation, which provides metastasis. Previous studies by other authors point to an increase in the biosynthesis of various MMPs in the outbreak of tumors and in metastases, such changes associated with the degree of differentiation of the tumor, the depth of the invasion, as well as their association with poor further prognosis and low survival rates in patients with various cancers. The purpose of our work was to investigate the content of MMP-1, 2, 3, 8 and TIMP-1 in the tumors and walls of the healthy bladder in patients with BC, depending on the stage of TNM classification. We investigated the increase in the content of MMP-1, 2, 3, 8 and TIMP-1 in samples of healthy bladder walls for stage 3 and 4 of the BC, indicating the participation of the investigated parameters in the growth and invasion of bladder tumors. The results of our study are consistent with the results of previous studies conducted in the study of other neoplasms, which indicate the relationship between the studied parameters with the development of cancer.

scholarly journals Metachronous and Synchronous Occurrence of 5 Primary Malignancies in a Female Patient between 1997 and 2013: A Case Report with Germline and Somatic Genetic Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1006-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Nyqvist ◽  
Fredrik Persson ◽  
Toshima Z. Parris ◽  
Khalil Helou ◽  
Elisabeth Kenne Sarenmalm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Familial Aggregation ◽  
Colon Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Colon Surgery ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Spindle Cell Sarcoma ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Multiple Primary Malignancies ◽  
Number Of Patients

The number of patients with multiple primary malignancies has been increasing steadily in recent years. In the present study, we describe a unique case of an 81-year-old woman with 5 metachronous and synchronous primary malignant neoplasms. The patient was first diagnosed with an endometrium adenocarcinoma in 1997 and a colon adenocarcinoma in 2002. Eleven years after her colon surgery, in 2013, the patient presented with 3 other primary malignancies within a 4-month time span: an invasive malignant melanoma on the lower leg, an invasive mucinous breast carcinoma in the right breast, and a pleomorphic spindle cell sarcoma on the left upper arm. Subsequent routine medical checkups in 2013–2017 revealed no metastases of the primary malignancies. The patient mentioned a familial aggregation of malignant tumors, including 2 sisters with breast cancer and a brother with lung cancer. Interestingly, next-generation sequencing analysis of the patient’s blood sample detected no mutations in the BRCA1, BRCA2, TP53, PTEN, CDH1, PALB2, RAD51C, RAD51D, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2, EPCAM, APC, MUTYH, STK11, BMPR1A, SMAD4, PTEN, POLE, POLD1, GREM1, and GALNT12 genes. Therefore, whole genome sequencing is warranted to identify cancer-related genetic alterations in this patient with quintuple primary malignancies.

scholarly journals Key genetic disorders in the pathogenesis of neuroblastoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 178-184
Author(s):  
O. O. Chernysheva ◽  
A. E. Drui ◽  
D. Yu. Kachanov ◽  
T. V. Shamanskaya
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Genetic Disorders ◽  
Malignant Neoplasm ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Embryonic Origin

Neuroblastoma (NB) is a malignant neoplasm of the sympathetic nervous system of embryonic origin, consisting of undifferentiated neuroectodermal cells of the neural crest.In the structure of the incidence of malignant neoplasms in patients under one year of age, NB is the most common tumor. At the same time, mortality of this disease ranks third, behind leukemias and tumors of the central nervous system, and amounts to 13% in the structure of child mortalityfrom malignant tumors in developed countries. The stratification of patients to the risk groups and the subsequent determination of treatment tactics depends on several prognostic factors, including genetic aberrations identified in tumor cells. Moreover, processes such as spontaneous regression and transformation into benign tumors are due to the genetic characteristics of NB. Thus, the study of genetic disorders underlying the pathogenesis of NB is necessary for adequate subdivision of patients into risk groups and developing of new methods of treatment. 

scholarly journals Enhanced Expression of CNTD2/CCNP Predicts Poor Prognosis in Bladder Cancer Based on the GSE13507

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mancheng Gong ◽  
Erlin Song ◽  
Guiying Huang ◽  
Wenjun Ni ◽  
Wenjing Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
High Expression ◽  
Prognostic Indicators ◽  
Bladder Tissue ◽  
Normal Bladder ◽  
Tcga Dataset

Bladder cancer is one of the most common urogenital malignancies in the world, and there are no adequate prognostic indicators. CNTD2 is one of the atypical cyclins, which may be related to the cell cycle and even the development of cancers. Early studies have shown that CNTD2 is closely related to the occurrence and development of many malignant tumors. However, the mechanism of CNTD2 in bladder cancer has not been reported. In our research, we explored the different expressions of CNTD2 between 411 bladder cancers and 19 normal bladder tissues based on the TCGA dataset. CNTD2-related signaling pathways were identified through the GSEA. We analyzed the associations of CNTD2 expression and bladder cancer progression and survival using GSE13507. Compared with 19 cases of normal bladder tissue, CNTD2 gene expression was increased in 411 cases of bladder cancer. The high expression of CNTD2 strongly correlated with grade (P < 0.0001), T classification (P = 0.0001), N classification (P = 0.00011), M classification (P = 0.044), age (P = 0.027), and gender (P = 0.0012). Bladder cancer patients with high CNTD2 expression had shorter overall survival (P < 0.001). In the meantime, univariate and multivariate analyses showed that the increased expression of CNTD2 was an independent factor for poor prognosis in bladder cancer patients (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). CNTD2 expression is closely related to bladder cancer progression, and the high expression of CNTD2 may be an adverse biomarker in bladder cancer patients.

scholarly journals Malignant tumors of the pharynx: etiological factors and epidemiological indicators in Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-66
Author(s):  
Erwin V. Lukach ◽  
Marina B. Sambur ◽  
Zoya P. Fedorenko ◽  
Yuri O. Serezhko
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Relative Number ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Pharyngeal Cancer ◽  
Papilloma Virus ◽  
Etiological Factors ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
World Standard

The authors analyze the epidemiological indicators of morbidity, mortality, age structure, relative number of patients detecting during prophylactic examination and contingent of patients with malignant neoplasms (MN) of the throat in Ukraine and regions according to the Bulletin of National Cancer Registry of Ukraine in 2014-2018. The highest incidence rate per 100,000 population in the regions of Ukraine was found in Transcarpathian (both sexes – 9.6; males – 17.9; females – 2.0), Kirovograd (8.8; 16.9; 1.9) and Khmelnitsky (7.7; 15.9; 0.7) regions. Very low rates of detection of patients with MN of the throat as a whole in Ukraine were observed at the prophylactic examinations: in 2015 – 10.0%, in 2016 – 11.0%. Annually in Ukraine, about 44.0% of patients with visually detectable cancer of the pharynx die within 1 year of diagnosis The mortality rate of patients with MN of the throat in 2017 per 100 thousand population of Ukraine is twice higher (4.5) than the world standard (2.0). The etiological factors that cause cancer and the role of human papilloma virus (HPV) of high oncogenic risk (16; 18 and other types) in the carcinogenesis of squamous cell carcinoma of the throat are considered. The data on genetic factors, features of gene mutation, clinical course, treatment and prognosis in patients with HPV-associated and HPV-negative malignancies of the pharynx are presented. For the prevention of pharyngeal cancer in Ukraine, the feasibility of immunization of children and young women aged 9-25 years with vaccines against HPV "Cervarix" and "Gardasil" is discussed. The authors have proposed suggestions for the early detection and improvement of the effectiveness of treatment of patients with pharyngeal throat.

scholarly journals Prognostic Role of MicroRNA-200c-141 Cluster in Various Human Solid Malignant Neoplasms

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-yang Li ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Jie Bu ◽  
Liang Xiong ◽  
Hong-bin Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Progression ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Cancer Prognosis ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Prognostic Role ◽  
Subgroup Analyses ◽  
High Level ◽  
Genomic Cluster

The miR-200 family has emerged recently as a noticeable marker for predicting cancer prognosis and tumor progression. We aimed to review the evidence of miR-200c-141 genomic cluster as prognostic biomarkers in cancers. The results suggested that high level of miR-200c had no significant impact on OS (HR = 1.14 [0.77–1.69],P=0.501) and DFS/PFS (HR = 0.72 [0.45–1.14],P=0.161). Stratified analyses revealed that high miR-200c expression was significantly related to poor OS in serum/plasma (HR = 2.12 [1.62–2.77],P=0.000) but not in tissues (HR = 0.89 [0.58–1.37],P=0.599). High miR-200c expression was significantly associated with favorable DFS/PFS in tissues (HR = 0.56 [0.43–0.73],P=0.000) but worse DFS/PFS in serum/plasma (HR = 1.90 [1.08–3.36],P=0.027). For miR-141, we found that high miR-141 expression predicted no significant impact on OS (HR = 1.18 [0.74–1.88],P=0.482) but poor DFS/PFS (HR = 1.11 [1.04–1.20],P=0.003). Similarly, subgroup analyses showed that high miR-141 expression predicted poor OS in serum/plasma (HR = 4.34 [2.30–8.21],P=0.000) but not in tissues (HR = 1.00 [0.92–1.09],P=0.093). High miR-141 expression was significantly associated with worse DFS/PFS in tissues (HR = 1.12 [1.04–1.20],P=0.002) but not in serum/plasma (HR = 0.90 [0.44–1.83],P=0.771). Our findings indicated that, compared to their tissue counterparts, the expression level of miR-200c and miR-141 in peripheral blood may be more effective for monitoring cancer prognosis. High miR-141 expression was better at predicting tumor progression than survival for malignant tumors.

Ultrasonic differential diagnostics of cyst and cystic tumors of the spleen

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-75
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Stepanova ◽  
M. Z. Alimurzaeva ◽  
D. A. Ionkin
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Dynamic Control ◽  
Differential Diagnostics ◽  
Epithelial Lining ◽  
Focal Lesions ◽  
Morphological Form ◽  
Cystic Tumors ◽  
Number Of Patients

The incidence of focal lesions in the spleen is 3.2–4.2% per 100,000 population. Spleen cysts are rare (incidence 0.75 per 100,000). These are single or multiple, thin- and smooth-walled cavities filled with a transparent liquid. Distinguish between primary (or true) cysts, lined with epithelium, and secondary (or false), devoid of epithelial lining. Among the primary cysts, there are congenital cysts formed in the embryonic period due to the migration of peritoneal cells into the spleen tissue, dermoid and epidermoid cysts. A special group of primary cysts are parasitic cysts. Cystic tumors of the spleen include lymphangioma and lymphoma.The main difficulties in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of cysts and cystic tumors of the spleen are associated with the rarity of this pathology and, as a consequence, a small number of works, including a significant number of the cases. However, in those works where a large number of the cases are described, most often this is one morphological form and an analysis of its various characteristics.Purpose. Based on the analysis of our own examination data of a significant number of patients with cysts and cystic tumors of the spleen, to assess the possibility of differential diagnosis of individual morphological forms according to ultrasound data.Materials and methods. 323 patients with cysts and cystic tumors of the spleen from 15 to 77 years old (men – 105 (32.5%); women – 218 (67.5%) were treated at A.V. Vishnevsky National Medical Research Center of Surgery for the period from 1980 to 2020. All patients underwent ultrasound during examination. Surgical treatment was carried out in various ways – (85.1%), when making a preoperative diagnosis of an uncomplicated spleen cyst of small size, dynamic observation was carried out (verification by puncture biopsy data).Results. Morphological verification of cysts and cystic tumors of the spleen was presented as follows (taking into account possible difficulties in identifying the epithelial lining): true cyst – 182 (56.4%); dermoid cyst – 3 (0.9%) (malignant – in 1 case); pseudocyst – 16 (5.0%); pancreatogenic – 34 (10.5%); echinococcus – 52 (16.1%); lymphangioma – 24 (7.4%); lymphoma – 10 (3.1%); ovarian cancer metastasis – 2 (0.6%). The article describes the ultrasound signs of the above forms of the lesions with an emphasis on the complexity of diagnosis.Conclusions. Primary and parasitic spleen cysts are well differentiated according to ultrasound; false cysts of the spleen, depending on the cause of their occurrence, can create difficulties in their identification and differentiation (they require careful dynamic control); cystic tumors of the spleen should be differentiated from malignant tumors and metastases of a cystic structure, as a result of which such vigilance should always be present when they are detected.

The possibility of using tantalum oxide microparticles in phosphate glass for radiation therapy of malignant neoplasms

2020 ◽  
pp. 85-87
Author(s):  
O. S. Plotnikova ◽  
V. I. Apanasevich ◽  
M. A. Medkov ◽  
A. A. Polezhaev ◽  
V. I. Nevozhai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Glass ◽  
Linear Accelerator ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Tantalum Oxide ◽  
Vertical Plane ◽  
Secondary Radiation ◽  
Semiconductor Diode ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Diode Detector

Objective: The creation of the medicine for a local radiomodification of tumors.Methods: The level of the secondary radiation on the surface of the phosphate glass powder with the inclusion of tantalum oxide processed by 6 MeV deceleration emission was studied. Medical linear accelerator TrueBeam (Varian, USA), and Semiconductor diode detector PDI 2.0 (Sun Nuclear Corp., USA) having the system of moving in vertical plane and the system of position video recording were used.Results: The presence of the phosphate glass (containing 20% Та2О5) on the surface gave a 63.7% increase to the secondary radiation. It’s around two thirds of the overall level.Conclusion: An opportunity to create a medicine on the basis of phosphate glass, containing tantalum oxide, for local radiomodification of malignant tumors. 

Phytotherapy and Herbal Medicines for Kidney Stones

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
Esteban Emiliani ◽  
Adrian Jara ◽  
Andres Koey Kanashiro
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Phyllanthus Niruri ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Uric Acid Stones

Background: Kidney stones are one of the oldest known and common diseases in the urinary tract with a prevalence that varies from 1% to 20%. Many phytotherapic and herbal medicines for kidney stones have been described for their treatment and prevention. Objective: The objective of this study is to perform a comprehensive review of several phytotherapic and herbal medicines published including clinical and animal studies. Results: Phytotherapy may influence the risk of recurrence in calcium oxalate and uric acid stones. The most solid evidence suggest that Phyllanthus niruri is one of the most studied components that appear to interfere with the calcium oxalate crystallization, reduced hyperoxaluria and hiperuricosuria and increased shock wave lithotripsy efficacy due to reduced crystallization without significant adverse effects, also Theobromine have shown to reduce the crystallization of uric acid in patients and appears to be a promising supplement to treat such stones. Conclusion: Many phytoterapic and herbal agents have been studies to treat and present urolithiasis, most of them only with studies of small number of patients or in animal models. Further randomized clinical trials are needed to evaluate the effect of these agents in kidney stones.

scholarly journals Aspartame and cancer – new evidence for causation

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip J. Landrigan ◽  
Kurt Straif
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
International Agency ◽  
Advisory Group ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Acceptable Daily Intake ◽  
New Findings

Abstract Background Aspartame is one of the world’s most widely used artificial sweeteners and is an ingredient in more than 5000 food products globally. A particularly important use is in low-calorie beverages consumed by children and pregnant women. The Ramazzini Institute (RI) reported in 2006 and 2007 that aspartame causes dose-related increases in malignant tumors in multiple organs in rats and mice. Increased cancer risk was seen even at low exposure levels approaching the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI). Prenatal exposures caused increased malignancies in rodent offspring at lower doses than in adults. These findings generated intense controversy focused on the accuracy of RI’s diagnoses of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue tumors (HLTs). Critics made the claim that pulmonary lesions observed in aspartame-exposed animals were inflammatory lesions caused by Mycoplasma infection rather than malignant neoplasms. Methods To address this question, RI subjected all HLTs from aspartame-exposed animals to immunohistochemical analysis using a battery of markers and to morphological reassessment using the most recent Internationally Harmonized Nomenclature and Diagnostic (INHAND) criteria. Findings This immunohistochemical and morphological re-evaluation confirmed the original diagnoses of malignancy in 92.3% of cases. Six lesions originally diagnosed as lymphoma (8% of all HLTs) were reclassified: 3 to lymphoid hyperplasia, and 3 to chronic inflammation with fibrosis. There was no evidence of Mycoplasma infection. Interpretation These new findings confirm that aspartame is a chemical carcinogen in rodents. They confirm the very worrisome finding that prenatal exposure to aspartame increases cancer risk in rodent offspring. They validate the conclusions of the original RI studies. These findings are of great importance for public health. In light of them, we encourage all national and international public health agencies to urgently reexamine their assessments of aspartame’s health risks - especially the risks of prenatal and early postnatal exposures. We call upon food agencies to reassess Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) levels for aspartame. We note that an Advisory Group to the International Agency for Research on Cancer has recommended high-priority reevaluation of aspartame’s carcinogenicity to humans.

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