scholarly journals Semantic and functional features of tauromachy (bullfighting) vocabulary within the framework of cognitive and linguoculturological approaches

2018 ◽  
pp. 156-184
Author(s):  
Aytan Aliyeva
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
National Language ◽  
National Consciousness ◽  
World Outlook ◽  
The People ◽  
Fourth Level ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Festive Occasion

The article is dedicated to the investigation and interpretation of semantic and functional features of phraseological expressions and paroemias referring to tauromachy (bullfighting) within the framework of cognitive and linguoculturological approaches. The introduction of relevant examples in the article aims to detect these features. Tauromachy which is called "an art of bullfighting" is an inseparable part of Spanish culture. Corrida (bullfight) has deep historical roots and it is a specific, festive occasion belonging to the Spanish people. It has entered into the national consciousness of Spaniards, developed and reflected in all manifestation forms of their lives. In its turn, it has lead to the linguistic reflection of tauromachy vocabulary in the language. According to their use in the language, tauromachy terms have four levels: words referring to tauromachy which is a special field and used only in the bullfight, tauromachy words with figurative meaning that can be used as a methaphora in other fields, tauromachy words used in literature and words referring to tauromachy field used in spoken language. Linguoculturological approach is a new stage of the study of complex relations between language, thinking and culture within the framework of cognitive linguistics. Linguistic and semantic aspects of cognitivism, that’s, mental imaginations of a language speaker are observed more vividly in phraseological expressions and paroemias. In the article we will try to study phraseological expressions and paroemias referring to tauromachy used in the spoken language, that’s, the fourth level of the use of tauromachy vocabulary in the language. It is obvious that the phraseological system generalizes language units with extremely great value in terms of understanding the level of national language consciousness of the people. Phraseological expressions and paroemias can be considered precious linguoculturological source, so that daily lifestyle, world outlook, traditions of language speakers are reflected in the phraseological system visually through metaphoric coding. The vocabulary of tauromachy in this field has gone through certain processes and gained new connotative meanings and assists in more concrete, laconic, expressive delivery of the idea being used in the spoken language.

CHARACTERIZATION OF RELIGIOUS STYLE AS A FUNCTIONAL STYLE IN LINGUISTICS

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-242
Author(s):  
Barnokhon Kushakova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Religious Language ◽  
Religious Texts ◽  
World Outlook ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
The Creation

This article discusses the conditions, reasons and factors of characterization of religious style as a functional style in the field of linguistics. In addition, religious style and its main peculiarities, its importance in the social life, and the functional features of religious style are highlighted in the article. As a result of our investigation, the following results were obtained: a) the increase in the need for the creation and significance of religious language, particularly religious texts has been scientifically proved; b) the possibility of religious texts to represent the thoughts of the people, culture and world outlook has been verified; c) the specificity of religious language, religious texts has been revealed; d) the development of religious style as a functional style has been grounded.

scholarly journals Reviving the genitive. Prescription and practice in the Netherlands (1770–1840)

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Krogull ◽  
Gijsbert Rutten
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Extreme Case ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
National Language ◽  
Prepositional Phrases ◽  
Historical Sociolinguistics ◽  
The One ◽  
Genitive Case

AbstractHistorical metalinguistic discourse is known to often prescribe linguistic variants that are not very frequent in actual language use, and to proscribe frequent variants. Infrequent variants that are promoted through prescription can be innovations, but they can also be conservative forms that have already largely vanished from the spoken language and are now also disappearing in writing. An extreme case in point is the genitive case in Dutch. This has been in decline in usage from at least the thirteenth century onwards, gradually giving way to analytical alternatives such as prepositional phrases. In the grammatical tradition, however, a preference for the genitive case was maintained for centuries. When ‘standard’ Dutch is officially codified in 1805 in the context of a national language policy, the genitive case is again strongly preferred, still aiming to ‘revive’ the synthetic forms. The striking discrepancy between metalinguistic discourse on the one hand, and developments in language use on the other, make the genitive case in Dutch an interesting case for historical sociolinguistics. In this paper, we tackle various issues raised by the research literature, such as the importance of genre differences as well as variation within particular genres, through a detailed corpus-based analysis of the influence of prescription on language practices in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Dutch.

scholarly journals Polysemy of ‘Common Language’ and the Modern Japanese Nation: The Universalization of a ‘Standard Language’ to correct ‘Dialects’?

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-24
Author(s):  
Saki Amano
Keyword(s):  
Ambiguous Word ◽  
National Language ◽  
Common Language ◽  
National Consciousness ◽  
Standard Language ◽  
Second Period

In this paper, the term futsūgo (common language) was viewed over two periods. The first period (1880s-1894) was concerned with education but aimed to establish everyday, commonplace language and script that was familiar to the populace. However, by the 1890s, the policy of Europeanization was being reconsidered, and national consciousness was on the rise. The second period (1894-early 1900s), with the start of the Sino-Japanese War, saw an increase in the national consciousness in strengthening both literary and military arts, with a desire for the establishment of an artificially unified language with artificial rules that would unify the populace and the nation. The natural shift from the populace’s everyday commonplace language to a unified national language became possible through the linguistic logic, or mediation of terminology, seen in the single (but ambiguous) word futsūgo.

scholarly journals Pico satélite educativo CanSat desarrollado en las plataformas ARM-CortexM4 y FPGA

2019 ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
Fernando Sánchez-Texis ◽  
Mariana Natalia Ibarra-Bonilla ◽  
Ivan Reyes-Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Inertial Sensors ◽  
Video Capture ◽  
Python Language ◽  
Fourth Level ◽  
Sensor Module ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Gps System ◽  
Protective Case ◽  
Vision Module

This paper presents the design and implementation of a CanSat pico-satellite developed on the ARM-CortexM4 and FPGA Spartan6 platforms. The CanSat structure consists of four modules distributed in four levels of construction. The first level is the sensor module, consisting of: the IC BME280 (barometer, humidity and temperature), the L70 GPS system and an inertial sensors system MPU6050 and AK8975. The second level is the mission control module and incorporates an ARM-STM32F407 microcontroller integrated with the OS-Micropython that allows programming in Python language. This module has the capacity of data storage using an EEPROM-M24C32 memory and a micro-SD. The third level is the LoRa technology wireless communications module with a 10Km range. The fourth level is the vision module, consisting of an OV7670 camera interconnected with the FPGA XC6SLX16, which functions as a photo and video capture system. The design of the modules was made with SMD technology in PCB of up to four layers. The design of the CanSat protective case in PLA material, manufactured by 3D printing of FDM technology, is presented. Finally, the results of preliminary performance tests are presented.

Семантические особенности фитонима «полынь» в современной калмыцкой лирике: английский перевод в аспекте имагологии

2020 ◽  
pp. 183-195
Author(s):  
Еkaterina A. Shkurskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
National Language ◽  
Literary Translation ◽  
Native Land ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
The People ◽  
Poetic Text ◽  
Poetic Translation

The article focuses on verbal olfacty representation on the example of phytonym “sage” in the poetic text of Rimma Khaninova “Sage Scent” (2008) and the literary translation by Nikolay and Gala Burlakovs. The comparative analysis of the original and the English translation enables us not only to set the intercultural dialogue but also see the distinctive features of one culture through the prism of another language. The phytonym “sage” in the author’s text has a strong and associative dominance reflecting the underlying peculiarities of the culture of the Kalmyk people. Such floral features of phytonym “sage” as a long-lasting fragrance and color create a lot of additional metaphorical associations. On the figurative level, the scent of sage represents the scent of motherland, freedom, on the emotional level – it is the memory of the native land, a landmark. The national identity is expressed implicitly through positive evaluative characteristics of sage scent. In the poetic translation by N. and G. Burlakovs the main idea and the plot line of the poem remained the same, however, the verbal olfacty representation – the sage scent ― is rendered from the point of view of the people of the Western culture. The emotional and image associations in English stay the same, but they do not reflect the unique feature of the phytonym “sage” for national identity of the Kalmyk people, they lack the dominant ethnic-specific feature of this plant which is the equality to the native land and national language.

PECULIARITIES OF TRANSLATION OF ENGLISH HUMOR IN UKRAINIAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (31) ◽  
pp. 401-418
Author(s):  
Tetiana Stoianova ◽  
Ksenia Chernenko
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Original Language ◽  
The People ◽  
National Characteristics ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Selection Of

The article is devoted to the study of the features of reproducing English humor in the Ukrainian language. The relevance of the work is due to the urgent need for a comprehensive study of English-language humor as a text-discursive education and the features of its translation. The aim of the study is to analyze the specifics of reproducing English-language humor. As a result of the study, the author comes to the conclusion that the reproduction of English humorous discourse should take into account the national characteristics of the people, culture and traditions. Translation of humorous discourse requires the use of various transformations: lexical, grammatical (including syntactic and morphological), semantic, and stylistic. Often these types of transformations appear in a mixed form. The most effective transformations are: lexical, grammatical, and complex lexical and grammatical ones. The subject of research of this work is humor — the most common modern type of comic. The concept of humor is defined as a comprehensive phenomenon, a way of seeing, a way of life. The nature of humor depends on the linguistic and cultural characteristics of the country to which it belongs, which means that this phenomenon reproduces the national picture of the world. According to this, the translator should take into account the peculiarities of ethnic worldview in order to reproduce the content of discursive humorous education adequately. It is also necessary to be able to know at least something about the cultures involved in the translation in order to understand the original and be able to reproduce it. During the analysis, we determined that it is necessary to take into account the national nature of humor, because in different societies the same thing can cause different reactions, which leads to inadequate units of reproduction of the source language to the target language. Based on the fact that it is not always possible to fully reproduce the content and expressive-emotional coloring, compensation is considered the best lexical and semantic means of transmitting humor in the source language in the translation language. A necessary condition for translation is the selection of appropriate phonetic, lexical and phraseological means for transmitting not only the semantics of the humorous formation of the original language, but also their expressive and functional features

scholarly journals How ‘direct’ can a direct translation be? Some perspectives from the realities of a new type of church Bible

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christo H.J. Van der Merwe
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Cultural Anthropology ◽  
Biblical Hebrew ◽  
Communication Model ◽  
Bible Translation ◽  
Direct Translation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Type ◽  
Functional Features

The skopos of this new type of church Bible is: ‘How would the source texts of the Bible have sounded in Afrikaans in the context envisaged for its hypothesised first audience(s)?’ Fully acknowledging the complexities of language as a dynamic and complex system embedded in the culture and conceptual world of its speakers, as well as the wide range of frames that are involved in the process of Bible translation as a difficult form of secondary communication, this article addresses two of the challenges of this ambitious project. In the first section the incongruence between the world of the Old Testament and speakers of Afrikaans is treated. Examples are provided of instances where both the nature of difficult secondary intercultural communication as well as the subjective theories of the host audience constrains the ‘directness’ of the translation. In the second section, some of the challenges of distinguishing between the formal and functional features of Biblical Hebrew are dealt with. The article concludes that, although the notion ‘communicative clue’ provides a useful heuristic device to act as point of departure for negotiations on the construal of the meaning of the text in the source language and host language respectively, the notion has to be supplemented by insights from the fields of cultural anthropology, cognitive linguistics and linguistic typology. A better understanding of how meaning ‘works’ (e.g. how linguistic expressions act as windows into the conceptual worlds of speakers, how the meaning of expressions may shift and develop, as well as processes of grammaticalisation) provides members of a translation team with some criteria to make informed decisions when they negotiate how the meaning of specific Biblical Hebrew constructions are to be construed ‘directly’ in Afrikaans.Keywords: Afrikaans Bibles; Bible translation; Biblical Hebrew; church Bible; code model; cognitive linguistics; cognitive semantics; communication model; communicative clue; direct translation; discourse marker; dynamic equivalent translation; functionalist tran 

Changes in word order in two Hebrew translations of an Ibsen play

Target ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-316
Author(s):  
Malka Muchnik
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Address Forms ◽  
The People

This study examines differences in word order between two translations of Ibsen’s play An enemy of the people into Hebrew. Both versions were translated by Rivka Meshulach, with approximately 25 years between them. In the first version word order conforms to the norms of Classical Hebrew. In the second version, however, the translator changed word order so that the language would be closer to contemporary spoken Hebrew. This is illustrated through examples related to various syntactic constituents, including subject–predicate, predicate complements, parentheme and address forms. The reasoning behind this tendency focuses on the change in the norms of written language. As opposed to the normative restrictions which were widely accepted in written Hebrew just a generation ago, the current trend is for features of contemporary spoken language to be used in literature and theater.

English as lingua franca: Double talk in global persuasion. Karin Dovring. Westport, CT: Praeger, 1997. Pp. 153.

2000 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-566
Author(s):  
Marcyliena Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Language ◽  
World Language ◽  
Technology Industry ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
Ideological Influence ◽  
Contact Language ◽  
Mary Louise Pratt

As we journey into the new millennium, few among us would bother to argue against the importance of English as a world language, especially considering its role in technology, industry, and politics. Many people of the world are introduced to English as a modern version of a contact language, since the need to know it occurs simultaneously with the need for specific knowledge (to negotiate borders and so on). Of course, there is much to the story of language contact. As Mary Louise Pratt (1992) observed, contact situations are often catastrophic events involving power relations that include conquerors and the conquered, intermediaries, onlookers, and more. The position of English as a national language in many countries and its worldwide influence have occurred within the context of civil wars, political negotiation, constant transmigration, globalization, and the formulation and reconstruction of nationalist ideologies and identities. Though the nature of today's contact may seem benign, its result may still be catastrophic and have far-reaching consequences, as the ideology and practices that accompany English may not complement all societies and situations. Today, the United States often represents the global influence of English, and as America becomes the symbol of border and civil war negotiation and policing, technology, art, conflict and power, so too does English. Predictably, the people and polities throughout the world wrestle with America's ideological influence by participating in the invigoration and transformation of English to suit their needs.

scholarly journals Challenges and Scopes of Pottery Industry

Pravaha ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-158
Author(s):  
Prakash Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
International Market ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Grain Storage ◽  
Pottery Industry ◽  
The People ◽  
Firing Pottery ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
Large Vessels ◽  
Festive Occasion

Pottery is unique art of making artifacts from clay. It produces different kinds of clay and ceramics items such as flowerpots, water and grain storage jars, large vessels for distilling rice spirits called rakshi, cooking pots, tableware, stoneware cups, bowls, and plates, stoneware pitcher and mug, etc. This research aims to examine challenges faced by the pottery industries and to examine scopes of the pottery industries in Nepal. This research is based on the descriptive method. The results show that there is good scope in the this industry but the people involved in this industry are facing different kinds of challenges or problems like shortage of raw materials, manpower, and lack of space to dry the formed pottery, firing pottery, to store the finished goods along with the different raw materials. The sales of the product in the national and international markets are being increased. This industry is being affected by the change in lifestyle and different substitute products. The intermediaries get good profits but they face the problem of getting the products damaged, demand dependent on the festive occasion, problem of transportation, etc. Study shows that there is a huge demand for Nepali handmade ceramic products in the international market due to their improved quality. Buyers are willing to pay a premium for handmade goods, which are propelling exports. Pravaha Vol. 24, No. 1, 2018, Page: 147-158

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