ANALYSIS OF THE FINANCIAL INDEXES OF THE COMMERCIAL COMPANY AND THE FACTORS EXERTING INFLUENCE ON IT AND ITS COHERENCE

The analysis of the chief financial indexes (profitability, assets turnover, the capital structures and liquidities) has been supplemented with indexes of the effect of the profitability of the basic activity and the financial lever impact and the factors resulting from them, which exert influence on commercial and financial profitability. The impact of the factors upon commercial, economic and financial profitability is expressed in percentage and percentage points. By arranging the indexes of the financial analysis and the factors influencing them in certain coherence, one can clearly evaluate the impact of the factors upon the profitability indexes.

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How to Psychologically Minimize Scratching Impulses

Zeitschrift für Psychologie ◽

10.1027/2151-2604/a000183 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 222 (3) ◽

pp. 140-147 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ariane Sölle ◽

Theresa Bartholomäus ◽

Margitta Worm ◽

Regine Klinger

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Processes ◽

Placebo Effect ◽

Psychological Factors ◽

Pharmacological Treatments ◽

Physiological Basis ◽

Psychological Mechanisms ◽

Physical Complaints ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

The Impact ◽

Placebo Model

Research in recent years, especially in the analgesic field, has intensively studied the placebo effect and its mechanisms. It has been shown that physical complaints can be efficiently reduced via learning and cognitive processes (conditioning and expectancies). However, despite evidence demonstrating a large variety of physiological similarities between pain and itch, the possible transfer of the analgesic placebo model to itch has not yet been widely discussed in research. This review therefore aims at highlighting potential transfers of placebo mechanisms to itch processes by demonstrating the therapeutic issues in pharmacological treatments for pruritus on a physiological basis and by discussing the impact of psychological mechanisms and psychological factors influencing itch sensations.

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The Effect of Taxation and Corruption on Firm Growth: An Empirical Investigation for Vietnam

Journal of Economics and Development ◽

10.33301/2016.18.03.01 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 5-29

Author(s):

Bich Le Thi Ngoc

Keyword(s):

International Development ◽

Firm Growth ◽

Empirical Investigation ◽

Manufacturing Firms ◽

Economic Management ◽

Tax Rate ◽

Percentage Point Increase ◽

Percentage Points ◽

Point Increase ◽

The Impact

The aim of this study is to analyze empirically the impact of taxation and corruption on the growth of manufacturing firms in Vietnam. The study employed pooled OLS estimation and then instrument variables with fixed effect for the panel data of 1377 firms in Vietnam from 2005 to 2011. These data were obtained from the survey of the Central Institute for Economic Management and the Danish International Development Agency. The results show that both taxation and corruption are negatively associated with firm growth measured by firm sales adjusted according to the GDP deflator. A one-percentage point increase in the bribery rate is linked with a reduction of 16,883 percentage points in firm revenue, over four and a half times bigger than the effect of a one-percentage point increase in the tax rate. From the findings of this research, the author recommends the Vietnam government to lessen taxation on firms and that there should be an urgent revolution in anti-corruption policies as well as bureaucratic improvement in Vietnam.

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Police-involved Deaths and the Impact on Homicide Rates in the Post-Ferguson Era: A Study of 44 U.S. Cities

Journal of Interpersonal Violence ◽

10.1177/08862605211028315 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 088626052110283

Author(s):

Tyler J Lane

Keyword(s):

Meta Analysis ◽

Interrupted Time Series ◽

Homicide Rates ◽

Aggravated Assault ◽

Series Design ◽

Percentage Points ◽

Black Populations ◽

Fbi Data ◽

The Impact ◽

Interrupted Time Series Design

This study investigated whether homicides increased after protested police-involved deaths, focusing on the period after Michael Brown’s death in Ferguson in August 2014. It also tests for effects of legal cynicism by comparing effects in homicide and aggravated assault on the assumption that reporting of the latter is discretionary and police abuses may make communities reluctant to notify police. Using FBI data from 44 U.S. cities, homicide and assault rates from 2011 to 2019 were analyzed using an interrupted time series design and combined in a meta-analysis to calculate pooled effects. A meta-regression tested effect moderators including external investigations and city/county sociodemographic characteristics. With a conservative threshold of p ≤ .01, 21 of the 44 cities experienced a significant increase and one had a significant decrease. The pooled effect was a 26.1% increase in the homicide (99% CI: 15.3% to 36.8%). Aggravated assaults increased above baseline, though the effect was 15.2 percentage points smaller (99% CI: –26.7 to –3.6) than the effect in homicides. When outcomes were measured as percent change, there were no significant effect moderators, but when measured as absolute change, homicides increased to a greater extent when the death was subject to external investigation and in cities with higher Black populations, poverty rates, and baseline homicide rates. The findings suggest that protested police-involved deaths led to an increase in homicides and other violence due to the distrust fomented within the very communities whom police are meant to protect.

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Debt Relief and Debtor Outcomes: Measuring the Effects of Consumer Bankruptcy Protection

The American Economic Review ◽

10.1257/aer.20130612 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 105 (3) ◽

pp. 1272-1311 ◽

Cited By ~ 78

Author(s):

Will Dobbie ◽

Jae Song

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Social Insurance ◽

The United States ◽

Debt Relief ◽

Random Assignment ◽

Percentage Points ◽

Consumer Bankruptcy ◽

Annual Earnings ◽

The Impact

Consumer bankruptcy is one of the largest social insurance programs in the United States, but little is known about its impact on debtors. We use 500,000 bankruptcy filings matched to administrative tax and foreclosure data to estimate the impact of Chapter 13 bankruptcy protection on subsequent outcomes. Exploiting the random assignment of bankruptcy filings to judges, we find that Chapter 13 protection increases annual earnings by $5,562, decreases five-year mortality by 1.2 percentage points, and decreases five-year foreclo-sure rates by 19.1 percentage points. These results come primarily from the deterioration of outcomes among dismissed filers, not gains by granted filers. (JEL D14, I12, J22, J31, K35)

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Planning prompts to promote uptake of HIV services among men: a randomised trial in rural Uganda

BMJ Global Health ◽

10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003390 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (11) ◽

pp. e003390

Author(s):

Nolan M Kavanagh ◽

Elisabeth M Schaffer ◽

Alex Ndyabakira ◽

Kara Marson ◽

Diane V Havlir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hiv Testing ◽

Community Health ◽

Control Group ◽

Health Campaign ◽

Percentage Point Increase ◽

Percentage Points ◽

Point Increase ◽

Cost Planning ◽

Testing Uptake ◽

The Impact

IntroductionInterventions informed by behavioural economics, such as planning prompts, have the potential to increase HIV testing at minimal or no cost. Planning prompts have not been previously evaluated for HIV testing uptake. We conducted a randomised clinical trial to evaluate the effectiveness of low-cost planning prompts to promote HIV testing among men.MethodsWe randomised adult men in rural Ugandan parishes to receive a calendar planning prompt that gave them the opportunity to make a plan to get tested for HIV at health campaigns held in their communities. Participants received either a calendar showing the dates when the community health campaign would be held (control group) or a calendar showing the dates and prompting them to select a date and time when they planned to attend (planning prompt group). Participants were not required to select a date and time or to share their selection with study staff. The primary outcome was HIV testing uptake at the community health campaign.ResultsAmong 2362 participants, 1796 (76%) participants tested for HIV. Men who received a planning prompt were 2.2 percentage points more likely to test than the control group, although the difference was not statistically significant (77.1% vs 74.9%; 95% CI –1.2 to 5.7 percentage points, p=0.20). The planning prompt was more effective among men enrolled ≤40 days before the campaigns (3.6 percentage-point increase in testing; 95% CI –2.9 to 10.1, p=0.27) than among men enrolled >40 days before the campaigns (1.8 percentage-point increase; 95% CI –2.3 to 5.8, p=0.39), although the effects within the subgroups were not significant.ConclusionThese findings suggest that planning prompts may be an effective behavioural intervention to promote HIV testing at minimal or no cost. Large-scale studies should further assess the impact and cost-effectiveness of such interventions.

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Modelling natural regeneration of European beech in Saxony, Germany: identifying factors influencing the occurrence and density of regeneration

European Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1007/s10342-021-01377-w ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Maximilian Axer ◽

Sven Martens ◽

Robert Schlicht ◽

Sven Wagner

Keyword(s):

Natural Regeneration ◽

Negative Binomial ◽

European Beech ◽

Seed Source ◽

Permanent Plots ◽

Forest Conversion ◽

Ecological Knowledge ◽

Statistical Tool ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

The Impact

AbstractThe potential utilisation of natural regeneration of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) for forest conversion has received little attention to date. Ecological knowledge is necessary to understand and predict successful natural regeneration of beech. The objective of this study was to improve understanding of what drives the occurrence of beech regeneration and, once regeneration is present, what drives its density. In the study, we utilised a forest inventory dataset provided by Sachsenforst, the state forestry service of Saxony, Germany. The dataset was derived from 8725 permanent plots. Zero-altered negative binomial models (ZANB) with spatial random effects were used to analyse factors influencing occurrence and density simultaneously. The results provided by the spatial ZANB models revealed that the probability of the occurrence of beech regeneration is highly dependent on seed availability, i.e. dependent on source trees in close proximity to a plot. The probability of beech regeneration rises with the increasing diameter of a potential seed tree and decreases with increasing distance to the nearest potential seed source. The occurrence of regeneration is affected by overstorey composition and competition exerted by spruce regeneration. Where sites are affected by groundwater or temporary waterlogging, the impact on the occurrence of regeneration is negative. Although distance to the nearest potential seed source has an influence on occurrence, this variable exerts no influence on density. A high regeneration density arises in conjunction with a high beech basal area in the overstorey. Beech regeneration density, but not occurrence, is negatively affected by browsing intensity. These variables can be used to predict the occurrence and density of beech regeneration in space to a high level of precision. The established statistical tool can be used for decision-making when planning forest conversion using natural regeneration.

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Missed Shots at the Free-Throw Line

Journal of Sports Economics ◽

10.1177/1527002515593779 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 18 (6) ◽

pp. 539-559 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Mattie Toma

Keyword(s):

High Pressure ◽

National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

National Basketball Association ◽

Choking Under Pressure ◽

Professional Basketball ◽

Free Throw ◽

Percentage Points ◽

Male College ◽

The Impact

Choking under pressure represents a phenomenon in which individuals faced with a high-pressure situation do not perform as well as would be expected were they performing under normal conditions. In this article, I identify determinants that predict a basketball player’s susceptibility to choking under pressure. Identification of these determinants adds to our understanding of players’ psychology at pivotal points in the game. My analysis draws on play-by-play data from ESPN.com that feature over 2 million free-throw attempts in women’s and men’s college and professional basketball games from the 2002-2013 seasons. Using regression analysis, I explore the impact of both gender and level of professionalism on performance in high-pressure situations. I find that in the final 30 seconds of a tight game, Women’s National Basketball Association and National Basketball Association players are 5.81 and 3.11 percentage points, respectively, less likely to make a free throw, while female and male college players are 2.25 and 2.09 percentage points, respectively, less likely to make a free throw, though statistical significance cannot be established among National Collegiate Athletic Association women. The discrepancy in choking between college and professional players is pronounced when comparing male college players who do and do not make it to the professional level; the free-throw performance of those destined to go pro falls 6 percentage points more in high-pressure situations. Finally, I find that women and men do not differ significantly in their propensity to choke.

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Individual Condensation Trails in Aircraft Trajectory Optimization

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11216082 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (21) ◽

pp. 6082 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Judith Rosenow ◽

Hartmut Fricke

Keyword(s):

Global Warming ◽

Trajectory Optimization ◽

Wind Shear ◽

Impact Factors ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Order Of Magnitude ◽

Aircraft Trajectory ◽

The Impact ◽

Arbitrary Trajectory ◽

Significant Factors

Contrails are one of the driving contributors to global warming, induced by aviation. The quantification of the impact of contrails on global warming is nontrivial and requires further in-depth investigation. In detail, condensation trails might even change the algebraic sign between a cooling and a warming effect in an order of magnitude, which is comparable to the impact of aviation-emitted carbon dioxides and nitrogen oxides. This implies the necessity to granularly consider the environmental impact of condensation trails in single-trajectory optimization tools. The intent of this study is the elaboration of all significant factors influencing on the net effect of single condensation trails. Possible simplifications will be proposed for a consideration in single-trajectory optimization tools. Finally, the effects of the most important impact factors, such as latitude, time of the year, and time of the day, wind shear, and atmospheric turbulence as well as their consideration in a multi-criteria trajectory optimization tool are exemplified. The results can be used for an arbitrary trajectory optimization tool with environmental optimization intents.

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The cultural and economic power of advertisers in the business press

Journalism ◽

10.1177/1464884917725162 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 19 (8) ◽

pp. 1078-1095 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Maha Rafi Atal

Keyword(s):

Economic Analysis ◽

Financial Analysis ◽

Cultural Analysis ◽

Content Increase ◽

Organizational Mission ◽

Media Companies ◽

Business Press ◽

Business Journalism ◽

The Impact

Media studies scholarship on advertising has traditionally fallen into two camps. Cultural analysis emphasizes the signals advertisements send to consumers, focusing primarily on the role of advertising creatives. Economic analysis emphasizes advertising’s impact on media companies’ financial performance, focusing on the role of sales managers and proprietors. Both approaches minimize the role of reporters, against whose work advertisers place their messages. This article draws on interviews, as well as financial analysis, at six newsrooms to examine the impact of advertising practices on the editorial independence of reporters. Combining cultural and economic analysis, the article highlights the unique threat advertiser influence poses to critical business reporting, which takes as its subject the very firms who must choose to advertise against it. The article argues that the new forms of advertising, where branded content is presented alongside, and intended to mimic, reported content, increase the threat of advertiser capture. At four legacy outlets studied, investigative business coverage has declined as media organizations react to the changed operating environment with practices that compromise the divide between news and advertising staff. At two online startups studied, where new advertising formats have always been part of strategy, news and sales staff remain separate. Yet there is limited appetite at these outlets for conducting critical business journalism, which is not seen as key to organizational mission. The article concludes with policy recommendations to safeguard the viability of critical business journalism.

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