scholarly journals Ways to Create Complex Objects of Copyright and Disposal of Rights Thereon

2018 ◽  
pp. 129-135
Author(s):  
E. V. Domovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Complex Object ◽  
Activity Regulation ◽  
Complex Objects ◽  
Intellectual Activity ◽  
Special Mode ◽  
Creative Thought ◽  
Legal Structure

The scientific and technological revolution that occurred in the 20th century led to the emergence of new types of objects of intellectual property rights, while creating the need for their legal regulation. The nature of a complex object of copyright as the most popular and attractive one from an economic and commercial point of view is investigated in the article. The author pays special attention to the study of the order of disposal of a complex object of copyright, the legal structure of which determines the specifics of legal regulation in the sphere of disposing of rights to complex objects. The article contains an analysis of the special mode of creation, use and disposal of various independent objects created to achieve one goal. It is concluded that the absence in the legislation of a clear and structured (by analogy with other agreements relating to the creation and disposal of rights to the results of intellectual activity) regulation of an agreement between co-authors will make such a regime for creating complex objects unattractive from a commercial point of view (due to greater risks arising from the legal uncertainty of this regime). This will significantly reduce the interest of creative thought to independently organized projects and eventually will affect the economic sphere.

Hierarchical composition in complex object drawing

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michiru Makuuchi
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Hierarchical Structures ◽  
Target Object ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Complex Object ◽  
Complex Objects ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Symbolic Cognition

Symbolic behaviours such as language, music, drawing, dance, etc. are unique to humans and are found universally in every culture on earth1. These behaviours operate in different cognitive domains, but they are commonly characterised as linear sequences of symbols2,3. One of the most prominent features of language is hierarchical structure4, which is also found in music5,6 and mathematics7. Current research attempts to address whether hierarchical structure exists in drawing. When we draw complex objects, such as a face, we draw part by part in a hierarchical manner guided by visual semantic knowledge8. More specifically, we predicted how hierarchical structure emerges in drawing as follows. Although the drawing order of the constituent parts composing the target object is different amongst individuals, some parts will be drawn in succession consistently, thereby forming chunks. These chunks of parts would then be further integrated with other chunks into superordinate chunks, while showing differential affinity amongst chunks. The integration of chunks to an even higher chunk level repeats until finally reaching the full object. We analysed the order of drawing strokes of twenty-two complex objects by twenty-five young healthy adult participants with a cluster analysis9 and demonstrated reasonable hierarchical structures. The results suggest that drawing involves a linear production of symbols with a hierarchical structure. From an evolutionary point of view, we argue that ancient engravings and paintings manifest Homo sapiens’ capability for hierarchical symbolic cognition.

scholarly journals The place of intellectual property in the system of legal values: theoretical and legal aspects

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
M.V. Kotenko
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Intellectual Activity ◽  
Cultural Phenomenon ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Functional Purpose

The author highlights and investigates the theoretical and legal aspects of the place of intellectual property in the system of legal values. It is noted that legal values ​​are a special phenomenon in which a wide range of ideas, ideas, provisions that reflect the peculiarities of society's perception of socially useful factors, which find their expression and manifestation in the legal sphere of society. In this regard, intellectual property is a special product of human intellectual activity, which is recognized as socially useful and subsequently acquired legal characteristics, ensuring the protection of intellectual property rights, their inviolability, as well as regulating relations in the field of intellectual property. Intellectual property is a special socio-cultural phenomenon, belonging to the system of socio-cultural values ​​is primarily due to its usefulness to society, the ability to ensure the interests of its subjects. At the same time, the multifaceted and complex nature of intellectual property, represented in various spheres of society, provides an opportunity to study intellectual property, including as part of a system of legal values ​​endowed with legal properties, provided by law, allows legal entities to achieve legally significant results. related to intellectual property. Based on the analysis of doctrinal and legal ideas about the value of intellectual property, the author identified the place of intellectual property in the system of legal values. It is concluded that intellectual property as a legal phenomenon has a multifaceted and multifaceted nature, which does not allow to unambiguously determine its place in the system of legal values. Therefore, it is proposed to determine the criteria according to which to classify legal values, which should cover and take into account all possible aspects (characteristics) of legal values, including taking into account the values ​​of intellectual property established above. The place of intellectual property in the system of legal values ​​is determined by the author according to the following criteria: 1) the state of legal support of intellectual property in Ukraine; 2) the method of legal regulation of relations in the field of intellectual property; 3) its functional purpose.

scholarly journals MODERN LEGAL MEANS OF TRANSFER OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
T. I. Begovа
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
Intellectual Activity ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Joint Activities ◽  
Legal Forms

For the development of the national economy, an effective system of legal support of relations is formed, which is formed as a result of transformation of intellectual activity results into innovative products and innovations, introduction of intellectual property rights into economic turnover. Given the expansion and complexity of ways to commercialize intellectual property rights in connection with the acquisition of these rights of various qualities, it is important to study not only the statutory agreements on the disposal of intellectual property rights, but also to develop other legal forms that mediate acts of transfer objects of intellectual property in the field of management. The purpose of the article is to refine the scientific and theoretical provisions on the legal forms of transfer of intellectual property rights in the field of management. The ways of involving intellectual property rights in the economic turnover within the framework of corporate, contractual, mortgage legal relations are revealed. It is established that the specificity of these relations leaves its mark on the legal forms of transfer of intellectual property rights. It has been found that with the complication of economic relations, the spheres and ways of involving intellectual property rights in economic turnover are expanding. Thus specificity of mechanisms of realization of the specified ways of transfer of the rights causes necessity of working out of the legal form adequate to this specificity. It is proved that economic and legal regulation of transfer of intellectual property rights does not provide proper definition and differentiation of legal forms of transfer of intellectual property rights in the organization and implementation of economic activities, which should take into account the broad economic potential of these rights. The study substantiates the types of legal forms of transfer of intellectual property rights in the field of management in the case of these rights as: contribution to the formation of the authorized capital of the business organization, contribution to joint activities (simple partnership); use as a subject of pledge and subsequent alienation of the pledged property right as a result of foreclosure on it. On this basis, a conclusion was made about the expediency of improving the economic and legal regulation of relations in the field of transfer of intellectual property rights in terms of normative definition of types of legal forms of transfer of these rights.

Birlikte Yaşama Kültürü Çerçevesinde Avrupa Birliği ve Türkiye Politikaları: Suriyelilere Yönelik Tutumun Sultanbeyli Örneği Üzerinden Değerlendirilmesi

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-61
Author(s):  
Pelin Sönmez ◽  
Abulfaz Süleymanov
Keyword(s):  
Civil Wars ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Syrian Refugees ◽  
The European Union ◽  
International Protection ◽  
Legal Structure ◽  
Turkish People

Türkiye, Cumhuriyet tarihinin en yoğun zorunlu göç dalgasını 2011 yılından bu yana süren Suriye Savaşı ile yaşamaktadır. Suriye vatandaşlarının geçici koruma statüsü altında Türkiye toplumuna her açıdan entegrasyonları günümüzün ve geleceğin politika öncelikleri arasında düşünülmelidir. Öte yandan ülkeye kabul edilen sığınmacıların kendi kültürel kimliğini kaybetmeden içinde yaşadığı ev sahibi topluma uyumu, ortak yaşam kültürünün gelişmesi açısından önem arz etmektedir. Bu makalede, "misafir" olarak kabul edilen Suriyeli vatandaşların Türk toplumunca kabul edilmeleri ve dışlanma risklerinin azaltılmasına yönelik devlet politikaları ortaya konularak, üye ve aday ülkelere göçmenlerin dışlanmasını önlemek için Avrupa Birliği (AB) tarafından sunulan hukuki yapı ve kamu hizmeti inisiyatifleri incelenmekte, birlikte yaşam kültürü çerçevesinde Suriyeli vatandaşlara yönelik  toplumsal kabul düzeyleri ele alınmaktadır. Çalışma iki ana bölümden oluşmaktadır: göçmen ve sığınmacılara karşı toplumsal dışlanmayı engellemek için benimsenen yasa ve uygulamaların etkisi ve İstanbul-Sultanbeyli bölgesinde Suriyeli sığınmacılarla ilgili toplumsal algı çalışmasının sonuçları. Bölgede ikamet eden Suriyelilere yönelik toplumsal kabul düzeyinin yüksek olduğu görülürken, halkın Suriyelileri kendilerine  kültürel ve dini olarak yakın hissetmesi toplumsal kabul düzeyini olumlu etkilemektedir. ABSTRACT IN ENGLISHAn evaluation of the European Union and Turkish policies regarding the culture of living togetherThis article aims to determine the level of social acceptance towards Syrians within the context of cohabitation culture by evaluating EU’s legal structure and public service initiatives in order to prevent Syrian refugees from being excluded in member and candidate countries and by revealing government policies on acceptance of Syrians as “guest” by Turkish society and minimizing the exclusion risks of them. This article consists of two main parts, one of which is based on the effects of law and practices preventing refugees and asylum seekers from social exclusion, and the other is on the results of social perception on Syrians in Sultanbeyli district of Istanbul. At the end of 5-years taking in Syrian War, it is obvious that most of more than 3 million Syrian with unregistered ones in Turkey are “here to stay”. From this point of view, the primary scope of policies should be specified in order to remove side effects of refugee phenomenon seen as weighty matter by bottoming out the exclusion towards those people. To avoid possible large-scale conflicts or civil wars in the future, the struggle with exclusion phenomenon plays a crucial role regarding Turkey’s sociological situation and developing policies. In the meaning of forming a model for Turkey, a subtitle in this article is about public services for European-wide legal acquis and practices carried out since 1970s in order to prevent any exclusion from the society. On the other hand, other subtitles are about legal infrastructure and practices like Common European Asylum and Immigration Policies presented in 2005, and Law on Foreigners and International Protection introduced in 2013. In the last part of the article, the results of a field survey carried out in a district of Istanbul were used to analyze the exclusion towards refugees in Turkey. A face-to-face survey was randomly conducted with 200 settled refugees in Sultanbeyli district of Istanbul, and their perceptions towards Syrian people under temporary protection were evaluated. According to the results, the level of acceptance for Syrians living in this district seems relatively high. The fact that Turkish people living in the same district feel close to Syrian refugees culturally and religiously affect their perception in a positive way: however, it is strikingly seen and understood that local residents cop an attitude on the refugees’ becoming Turkish citizens.

Problematika Yuridis Wakaf Hak Kekayaan Intelektual di Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-138
Author(s):  
Eva Mir'atun Niswah
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Legal Culture ◽  
Legal Structure ◽  
Clear Explanation

Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) is one of movable objects that can be represented according to waqf regulation (Undang-Undang No. 41 Tahun 2004 Tentang Wakaf). The previous regulations did not mention IPR as waqf object. IPR becomes waqf object because there is a shift of  paradigm on productive waqf. However, the waqf regulation (Undang-Undang No. 41 Tahun 2004 Tentang Wakaf) has many juridical problems. For example, there is no specific explanation about IPR waqf as well as money waqf. Besides, the IPR practice is very rare due to unclear forms of IPR waqf. Juridical problems on IPR waqf are related to legal substance, legal structure and legal culture. On legal substance, there is no clear explanation and mechanism of IPR waqf. On legal structure, there is no clear explanations about who can be the wakif or nazir on IPR waqf. On legal culture, many people are still unfamiliar with intangible waqf object (the conventional waqf object is land). Therefore, the acceptance of an intangible object such as IPR as a waqf object is very low.

Organizer of Scientific Activity as a Subject of Intellectual Rights

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-53
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Research Teams ◽  
Legal Structure ◽  
The Status ◽  
Scientific Results ◽  
Exclusive Right ◽  
Academic Search ◽  
Scientific Team

The author analyzes the legal status of the organizers of artistic creation, enshrined in the Russian legislation de lege lata, and develops the legal status of the organizer of scientific activities de lege ferenda. It is proposed to consider the organizer of scientific activity as only the head of the temporary scientific team, the purpose of which is to solve a specific scientific problem. A set of elements of the legal structure is formulated, which may be fixed in a normative manner in order to ensure uniformity of legal regulation of the activities of temporary research teams. The status of the organizer of scientific activity is determined on the base of his organizational efforts to guide the creative activities of the team (a distinction is made between the creative and organizational contribution of the head of the scientific team to the overall result). Various options for modeling the legal status of the organizer of scientific activities are discussed: inclusion of the organizer among the co-authors the scientific results obtained by the team; inclusion of the organizer among the co-authors in case if he / she has a creative idea (topic) of academic search; granting the organizer related intellectual rights to the entire result obtained by the team. It is presumed that the organizer of scientific activity is the author of the idea of scientific search for solving the task set for the temporary team. It is concluded that the organizer of scientific activity (the head of the temporary scientific team) must be endowed with related intellectual rights: 1) the exclusive right to use the scientific result obtained by the team as a whole, and 2) the personal non-property right to indicate his name in any use of this result. The author substantiates the content, non-turnover and special validity period of the exclusive right of the organizer of scientific activity.

FEATURES OF FUNCTIONING OF INVESTMENT-INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY. DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN EXPERIENCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 90-96
Author(s):  
A. P. DROZDOVA ◽  
◽  
S. M. MOLCHANOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Intellectual Activity ◽  
Accounting Data ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
Scientific Potential ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Innovative Potential ◽  
Business Entities

The article discusses information sources in assessing the effectiveness of innovations, types of cash inflows, cash outflows in the context of the organization's operational, investment and financial activities. The problem of insufficient relevance of accounting data in the analysis of the effectiveness of investment in innovation is reflected. The need for systematization of the current regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation to integrate information on the results of intellectual activity into a single mechanism for effective management of the development of innovative potential of the Russian Federation is noted. The experience of foreign companies in the investment and innovation sphere is summarized. The factors influencing the development of the scientific potential of Russian companies and the need to introduce economic incentives for innovation entities are presented. The functions of the RF authorities in the field of legal regulation of innovations for the successful development of mechanisms for interaction between business entities and the state, the protection of intellectual property and the growth of the effectiveness of the practical application of innovative developments are generalized.

scholarly journals A NOVEL IMAGE SEGMENTATION APPROACH BASED ON NEUTROSOPHIC SET AND IMPROVED FUZZY C-MEANS ALGORITHM

2011 ◽  
Vol 07 (01) ◽  
pp. 155-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. D. CHENG ◽  
YANHUI GUO ◽  
YINGTAO ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Image Segmentation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Neutrosophic Set ◽  
Convergence Criterion ◽  
Complex Objects ◽  
Fuzzy C Means ◽  
Segmentation Methods ◽  
Segmentation Algorithms ◽  
Segmentation Approach ◽  
Fuzzy C Means Algorithm

Image segmentation is an important component in image processing, pattern recognition and computer vision. Many segmentation algorithms have been proposed. However, segmentation methods for both noisy and noise-free images have not been studied in much detail. Neutrosophic set (NS), a part of neutrosophy theory, studies the origin, nature, and scope of neutralities, as well as their interaction with different ideational spectra. However, neutrosophic set needs to be specified and clarified from a technical point of view for a given application or field to demonstrate its usefulness. In this paper, we apply neutrosophic set and define some operations. Neutrosphic set is integrated with an improved fuzzy c-means method and employed for image segmentation. A new operation, α-mean operation, is proposed to reduce the set indeterminacy. An improved fuzzy c-means (IFCM) is proposed based on neutrosophic set. The computation of membership and the convergence criterion of clustering are redefined accordingly. We have conducted experiments on a variety of images. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach can segment images accurately and effectively. Especially, it can segment the clean images and the images having different gray levels and complex objects, which is the most difficult task for image segmentation.

The Court System of China in the Digital Age: Main Developmet Ditections

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
P. V. Troshchinskiy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
General Level ◽  
Court System ◽  
The People ◽  
Intelligence Services ◽  
The Status

The article is devoted to the study of the process of introducing digital technologies into the work of the People’s Courts of China and the issues of its legal regulation. The judicial system of the modern Chinese state is based on courts of three levels and two courts. Judicial bodies include the Supreme People’s Court, local people's courts, military courts and other special courts. For several years, various digital technologies have been used in all Chinese courts. In addition, since August 2017, special Internet courts have appeared in the PRC (three such courts have now been created in Hangzhou, Beijing and Guangzhou), which consider civil, administrative and criminal cases online without the personal presence of participants. The use of digital technologies in the judicial system of the PRC contributes to its transparency, reducing corruption, combating the spread of coronavirus, increasing the general level of legal literacy of the people. So, the creation of a unified platform for online broadcasting of court hearings online, the public disclosure of court sentences (decisions, rulings) in various categories of cases allows society to control the activities of the people's courts of the country. Considering the case online during the confrontation of the coronavirus epidemic prevents the spread of infection among participants in the process. The experience of China in the large-scale implementation of digital technologies in judicial activity is not only of scientific interest, but also important from a practical point of view for the Russian expert community. The Russian Federation has also embarked on the path of using digital technologies in litigation, but China is following it ahead of the schedule, which is important in terms of studying the results it has achieved and the mistakes made so that the Russian legislator can take them into account in their law-making activities. It is also important that China, in the process of digitalizing its national system, uses exclusively national platforms and databases. Access to information by foreign intelligence services is not possible. The main providers of digital services for the judicial system are also national corporations, which legally have the status of private companies, but in fact they are completely controlled by the СРС.

Differentiation of the Legal Regulation of the Pledge Depending on from the Object

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
I. G. Zhabinsky ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Intellectual Activity ◽  
Common Features ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Legal Entities ◽  
Individual Objects

The article raises the question of differentiating the legal regulation of legal relations arising from a pledge, depending on the object of the pledge. Of course, the pledge as a way of securing the fulfillment of obligations is characterized by common features and general approaches to regulation, regardless of the object, at the same time, the features of individual objects require the specification of the relevant rules. The ongoing debate in science regarding the ratio of objects of civil rights, as well as the lack of unity on the issue of the ratio of individual objects, gives rise to a discussion regarding certain types of collateral, classified depending on the object. The author pays special attention to the pledge of property rights and proposes an approach on the relationship between certain types of property rights, in particular, rights of obligation, rights of participants in legal entities and exclusive rights to the results of intellectual activity.

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