scholarly journals Features of a functional state and special working capacity, highly skilled athletes, taking into account type of the vegetative regulation of a cordial rhythm

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
T M Brooke ◽  
F B Litvin ◽  
P A Terekhov ◽  
O A Tolstoy
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Heart Rhythm ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Relative Power ◽  
Working Capacity ◽  
Anaerobic Work ◽  
Highly Skilled ◽  
Vegetative Regulation ◽  
Special Working

The results of research of high-speed, speed-strength abilities and special anaerobic endurance in highly skilled male and female athletes are presented. It is established, that the indices of physical working capacity depend on the type of vegetative regulation of the heart rhythm. Athletes (male and women), who have the same level of skill with moderate dominance of central mechanisms vegetative regulation of a cordial rhythm, significantly higher speed-strength indicators. In particular, for men, with moderate dominance of central mechanisms vegetative regulation of a cordial rhythm (1 type), during the work in the anaerobic mode, gather higher speed, which on 4,1% is statistically higher in comparison with athletes with moderate domination of the autonomous mechanism of regulation of a cordial rhythm (3 type). At the same time, the time of achievement of frequency of rotation of pedals of a veloergometer, equal 70% of the maximum size, they on 3% (р0,05) less. The women, with the 1 type of a regulation of a cordial rhythm, indicators of absolute, average and relative power (р0,05) on 1,6; 2,6 and 8,9 higher. With an increase in the duration of anaerobic work, the indices of special endurance are statistically reliably higher in athletes with moderate dominance of the autonomous regulatory mechanism. For example, for men, the indicator of total work power on 4,2% higher, and indicators of maximum, average and relative power by 2,4;2,9 and 1,9%, respectively (p0,05). The women, with type III multiple scores, the rates were significantly higher by 3,2; 4,2;4,1; 3,6%, respectively (p0,05).

scholarly journals Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Diet Quality Profile of the Lithuanian Team of Deaf Women’s Basketball Players

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6749
Author(s):  
Marius Baranauskas ◽  
Valerija Jablonskienė ◽  
Jonas Algis Abaravičius ◽  
Rimantas Stukas
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physical Working Capacity ◽  
Working Capacity ◽  
Women's Basketball ◽  
Basketball Team

There are about 466 million people with hearing impairments in the world. The scientific literature does not provide sufficient data on the actual nutrition and other variables of professional deaf athletes. The objectives of this study were to investigate and evaluate the body composition, the physical working capacity, the nutrition intake, and the blood parameters of iron and vitamin D in the Lithuanian high-performance deaf women’s basketball team players. The female athletes (n = 14) of the Lithuanian deaf basketball team aged 26.4 ± 4.5 years were recruited for an observational cross-sectional study. A 7-day food recall survey method was used to investigate their actual diet. The measurements of the body composition were performed using the BIA (bioelectrical impedance analysis) tetra-polar electrodes. In order to assess the cardiorespiratory and aerobic fitness levels of athletes, ergo-spirometry (on a cycle ergometer) was used to measure the peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) and the physical working capacity at a heart rate of 170 beats per minute (PWC170). The athletes’ blood tests were taken to investigate the red blood cells, hemoglobin, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, ferritin, transferrin, iron concentrations, and total iron-binding capacity (TIBC). The consideration of the VO2peak (55.9 ± 6.1 mL/min/kg of body weight, 95% CI: 51.8, 58.9) and the low VO2peak (56–60 mL/min/kg of body weight) (p = 0.966) in the deaf women’s basketball team players revealed no differences. For the deaf female athletes, the PWC170 was equal to 20.3 ± 2.0 kgm/min/kg of body weight and represented only the average aerobic fitness level. The carbohydrate and protein intakes (5.0 ± 1.3 and 1.3 ± 0.3 g/kg of body weight, respectively) met only the minimum levels recommended for athletes. The fat content of the diet (38.1 ± 4.1% of energy intake) exceeded the maximum recommended content (35% of energy intake) (p = 0.012). The mean blood serum concentrations of 25(OH)D and ferritin (24.1 ± 6.6 nmol/L and 11.0 ± 4.1 µg/L, respectively) predicted vitamin D and iron deficits in athletes. Female athletes had an increased risk of vitamin D and iron deficiencies. Regardless of iron deficiency in the body, the better cardiorespiratory fitness of the deaf female athletes was essentially correlated with the higher skeletal muscle mass (in terms of size) (r = 0.61, p = 0.023), the lower percentage of body fat mass (r = −0.53, p = 0.049), and the reduced intake of fat (r = −0.57, p = 0.040).

Psychological Effects of Caffeine on Players Performance

2020 ◽  
pp. 183-194
Author(s):  
Sajjad Ali Gill ◽  
Komal Shahbaz ◽  
Dr. Muhammad Tahir Nazeer
Keyword(s):  
Survey Research ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
Primary Effect ◽  
Working Capacity ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Attention Level

The present study conducted to check the effects of caffeine on players performance through survey research. A caffeine-based 20 Statements (questionnaire) filed to the players, who were regular consumers of caffeine. 20 statements mentioned related to the positive effects of caffeine. Most of the players, who addicted to take caffeine on regularly basis approved all statements which showed that caffeine could affect the athlete's performance. The majority athletes agreed that caffeine enhanced their concentration, alertness and attention level. The primary effect of caffeine on vigilance granted by most of the players. Caffeine can enhance the working capacity of players by increasing their vigilances. Results show that caffeine helped them to train longer and harder which showed its benefits between male and female athletes, especially in off-season training periodization.

Lower Extremity Biomechanics Differ in Prepubescent and Postpubescent Female Athletes during Stride Jump Landings

2003 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris J. Hass ◽  
Elizabeth A. Schick ◽  
John W. Chow ◽  
Mark D. Tillman ◽  
Denis Brunt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Neuromuscular Control ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Inverse Dynamic ◽  
Recreational Athletes ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Resultant Forces

Epidemiological evidence suggests the incidence of injury in female athletes is greater after the onset of puberty and that landing from a jump is a common mechanism of knee injury. This investigation compared lower extremity joint kinematics and joint resultant forces and moments during three types of stride jump (stride jump followed by a static landing; a ballistic vertical jump; and a ballistic lateral jump) between pre- and postpubescent recreational athletes to provide some insight into the increased incidence of injury. Sixteen recreationally active postpubescent women (ages 18–25 years) and 16 recreationally active prepubescent girls (ages 8–11 years) participated in this study. High speed 3D videography and force plate data were used to record each jumper’s performance of the stride jumps, and an inverse dynamic procedure was used to estimate lower extremity joint resultant forces and moments and power. These dependent variables were submitted to a 2 × 3 (Maturation Level × Landing Sequence) MANOVA with repeated measures on the last factor. The findings indicated that postpubescents landed with the knee more extended (4.4°) and had greater extension moments (approximately 30% greater hip and knee extension moments) and powers (40% greater knee power). Further, the post-pubescent athletes had greater knee anterior/posterior forces as well as medio-lateral resultant forces. The differences found between the two groups suggest there may be anatomical and physiological changes with puberty that lead to differences in strength or neuromuscular control which influence the dynamic restraint system in these recreational athletes. A combination of these factors likely plays a role in the increased risk of injury in postpubescent females.

scholarly journals Features of the relationship between cardiointervalographic indices and constitutional characteristics in highly skilled mesomorphic somatotype wrestlers

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
A.V. Syvak ◽  
L.A. Sarafyniuk ◽  
P.V. Sarafyniuk ◽  
L.I. Pilhanchuk ◽  
N.O. Sorokina
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Heart Rhythm ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
The Body ◽  
External Structure ◽  
Highly Skilled ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

Mechanisms of regulation of cardiac rhythm have many individual features, which are conditioned by age, sex, training of the organism, strength and nature of external influence, constitutional features of the organism. The purpose of the work is to determine the relationship between cardiointervalographic indices and parameters of the external structure of the body in highly skilled wrestlers of the mesomorphic somatotype. The study involved 24 wrestlers between the ages of 17 and 21 with a high level of sportsmanship and more than 3 years of experience. All of the wrestlers were of medium weight and engaged in free and Greco-Roman wrestling. We conducted a study of heart rate variability on the cardiac computer diagnostic complex “OPTW” following the recommendations of the European and North American Cardiac Association (1996). The indices of vegetative homeostasis according to Bayevsky, variational heart rate, statistical and spectral cardiointervalographic indicators were determined. Anthropometry was performed according to the method of V.V. Bunak (1941), somatotypological study – by the calculated modification of the Heath-Carter method (1990), determination of the component composition of body weight by the method of Matejko (1992). In the package “STATISTICA 5.5” correlation analysis was performed using the nonparametric Spearman statistical method. It was found that in the wrestlers of the mesomorphic somatotype, the variations of the pulsometry had the highest number and strength of reliable correlations with constitutional parameters, most of which were inverse of the mean force. All statistical indicators of heart rate variability with indicators of the external structure of the body had only inverse significant correlations. The least significant correlations were found for spectral indices and parameters of vegetative homeostasis. According to the results of the correlation analysis in the wrestlers of the mesomorphic somatotype, we can assume that with the increase of total, longitudinal, circumferential, transverse body sizes and muscle and bone mass, the variability of the heart rhythm of the sympathetic department of the autonomic nervous system will be more pronounced.

scholarly journals IMPROVEMENT OF TRAINING LOADS AIMED TO DEVELOP THE STRUCTURE OF FUNCTIONAL SUPPORT FOR SPECIAL WORKING CAPACITY AMONG QUALIFIED KAYAKERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-116
Author(s):  
Olga Rusanova ◽  
Andrii Diachenko ◽  
Zijian Huang ◽  
Xueyan Gao
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Working Capacity ◽  
Cardiorespiratory System ◽  
Biochemical Research ◽  
Special Working ◽  
Functional Support

Introduction. Despite the fact that currently theorists have systematized some aspects of scientific knowledge to increase the efficiency of functional support of special performance of rowers, while the formation of prerequisites for improving the training load of qualified athletes aged 16-17 in kayaking and canoeing has not been the subject of special research. This leads to the isolation of the problematic issue that needs to be studied and analyzed. Aim is to analyze the structure of functional support of special working capacity and to form preconditions for improving the training loads of qualified athletes aged 16-17, who specialize in kayaking and canoeing. Material and methods: analysis and generalization of data of scientific and methodical literature sources and the Internet, pedagogical observations and natural pedagogical experiment, instrumental research methods using ergometry, gas analysis, pulsometry, biochemical research methods; methods of mathematical statistics. Results. To optimize the system for assessing the functional support of special performance, a set of indicators was selected that integrally reflect the level of functionality of kayakers. Their assessment is the basis for a more detailed analysis of the structure of the functional support of the special capacity of kayakers 16-17 year old . A more detailed analysis is performed with reduced indicators of cattle capacity and aerobic energy supply, as well as performance. As a rule, it is carried out individually and is aimed at studying the cause of the reduced level of certain indicators. In the course of the research the available material on the problems of control, estimation and interpretation of the most informative and integral indicators of reactions of the cardiorespiratory system (CRS) and energy supply of work is systematized; special working capacity of athletes – kayakers. Conclusion. The presented test results (average-statistical and model values of indicators) showed new possibilities of estimation and interpretation of indicators of functional support of special working capacity of qualified athletes aged 16-17, who specialize in kayaking and canoeing. Systematization of data from special literature and practical experience allowed to establish the prerequisites for improving training loads aimed at forming the structure of functional support for special performance of qualified kayakers, and to identify five groups of exercises.

scholarly journals Rankininkių rankų ir kojų traumų paplitimas, pobūdis ir priežastys

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (19) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Sports Injuries ◽  
Knee Injuries ◽  
Athletic Injuries ◽  
Hand Injuries ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Finger Injuries ◽  
Ligament Strain ◽  
Highly Skilled ◽  
Answering Questions

Background. Highly skilled athletes do not avoid sports injuries. In order to reduce the prevalence of injuries among female elite handball players, it is necessary to determine the most often injured body parts and the causes of injuries. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence, nature and causes of injuries in Lithuanian female elite handball players. Methods. Fifteen Lithuanian elite female handball players participated in the study. The age of the subjects was 20.4 ± 3.03 yrs. The subjects were asked to complete a questionnaire, answering questions about the prevalence, localization, frequency and nature of athletic injuries. Results. The subjects have training sessions six times a week, one workout lasts more than one hour. During the last season, 80% of the subjects suffered injuries (67% acute, 13% chronic). The most common injuries were ligament strain (46.2%) or tear (38.5%), less frequent ligament or muscle rapture (30.8%), and the least frequent– fracture (15.4%). In most cases players suffered from finger (26%), and knee (20%) and ankle (20%) injuries. Elbows (9%) and wrists (7%) were less likely to be traumatized. Head (2%) and hip (2%) injuries were uncommon in handball. Conclusion. The vast majority of elite female handball players experienced injuries during the sports season. The most prevalent hand injuries in female athletes were finger injuries and acute ankle or knee injuries in legs. Keywords: handball, females, injuries

scholarly journals Differentiated approach to the development of speed-strength capabilities of qualified Muay-Thai athletes, taking into account weight categories (Enfoque diferenciado para el desarrollo de las capacidades de velocidad y potencia de atletas del boxeo tail

Retos ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 365-374
Author(s):  
Stanislav E. Podhurskyi ◽  
Iurii A. Pavlenko
Keyword(s):  
Energy Supply ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Creatine Phosphate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Working Capacity ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
And Control ◽  
Los Grupos ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Special Working

 The purpose of the study was to identify statistically significant differences in shifts in the indicators of the special working capacity of qualified Muay-Thai athletes in the experimental and control groups of different weight categories during performance of striking techniques using specialised tests. The data from special and scientific literature was considered. A practical experiment was carried out using the Hykso portable strain gauge diagnostic tool. The method of mathematical statistics was used. Forty-five qualified athletes took part in the experiment, twenty-three of whom were included in the experimental group, twenty-two – in the control group, both with and without weight categories. The shifts in the growth of the speed and strength potential of the athletes from the experimental group in comparison with the athletes from the control group of the lightweight category was identified. They are noted in three types of specialised tests of anaerobic capabilities with creatine-phosphate and glycolytic mechanisms of energy supply, in the form of speed and strength components, each separately. The effectiveness of differentiated programs with the use of the Podhurskyi's weight modified sports equipment for the improvement and implementation of speed-strength capabilities of qualified Muay-Thai athletes of different weight categories was established.  Resumen. El objetivo del estudio fue revelar diferencias significativas y confiables en los cambios en los indicadores de capacidad de trabajo especial de los atletas de boxeo tailandés calificados de los grupos experimental y de control, teniendo en cuenta las categorías de peso durante la ejecución de técnicas de percusión utilizando pruebas especializadas. Se realizó el análisis de datos de literatura especial y científica. Se llevó a cabo un experimento práctico utilizando el dispositivo de diagnóstico portátil de galgas extensométricas "Hykso". Se utilizó el método de estadística matemática. En el experimento participaron cuarenta y cinco atletas calificados, veintitrés de los cuales fueron incluidos en el grupo experimental, veintidós en el grupo de control, tanto con categorías de peso como sin ellas. Se revelaron cambios en el crecimiento de la realización del potencial de velocidad y potencia de los atletas del grupo experimental que los atletas del grupo de control de la categoría de peso ligero. Se observaron en tres tipos de pruebas especializadas de capacidades anaeróbicas con fosfato de creatina y mecanismos glucolíticos de suministro de energía, en forma de componentes de velocidad y fuerza, cada uno por separado. Se estableció la efectividad de los programas diferenciados con el uso del equipo deportivo modificado "Peso de Podgursky" en la mejora e implementación de las capacidades de velocidad y potencia de los atletas de boxeo tailandés calificados de diferentes categorías de peso.

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