scholarly journals Potential role of lactoferrin in early diagnostics and treatment of Parkinson disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Alexey V. Sokolov ◽  
Irina V. Miliukhina ◽  
Yury P. Belsky ◽  
Nataly V. Belska ◽  
Vadim B. Vasilyev
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Factor Alpha

Incidence of Parkinson disease progressively grows with increasing age and percentage of elderly people in the global population. Clear understanding of the causes of dopaminergic neurons death in Substantia nigra and Parkinson disease pathogenesis are currently absent, not speaking of an efficient therapy. However, an early diagnosis of dopaminergic neurons degeneration and prescription of dopamine replacement therapy significantly slow down the rate of symptoms progression. An increased concentration of iron in Substantia nigra of Parkinson disease patients has been shown in several studies. In this review we summarized the data concerning a potential significance of lactoferrin, the iron-binding protein of exocrine secretions and neutrophils, for early diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson disease. Salivary and lacrimal lactoferrin levels in Parkinson disease patients were higher than those observed in the control group. Plasma levels of lactoferrin inversely correlated with Parkinson disease severity even after treatment with Levodopa, a dopamine agonist, and with monoaminooxidase inhibitors. Lactoferrin levels in cerebrospinal fluid of Parkinson disease patients negatively correlated with the tumor necrosis factor-alpha concentration. Lactoferrin treatment of rodents with several experimental models of Parkinson disease (induced by rotenone, MPTP) protected neurons and mitigated the symptoms of neurodegeneration. Some contradictions about the positive effects of lactoferrin as a remedy in Parkinson disease animal models and possible participation of lactoferrin in accumulation of iron in neurons are discussed.

Leukogram and cortisol parameters in Swiss mice experimentally infected with Angiostrongylus costaricensis

2021 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Benvegnú ◽  
C.C. Hermes ◽  
J.A. Guizzo ◽  
S.M. Soares ◽  
M.M. Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytokine Profile ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Swiss Mice ◽  
Hypochromic Anaemia ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Abstract This study describes changes in haematological parameters, cytokine profile, histopathology and cortisol levels in Swiss mice experimentally infected with Angiostrongylus costaricensis. Twenty-eight Swiss mice were divided into two groups (G1 and G2) of 14 animals each. In each group, eight animals were infected orally with ten third-stage larvae of A. costaricensis and six were used as a control group. The mice of groups G1 and G2 were sacrificed 14 and 24 days after infection, respectively. Samples were collected for histopathological and haematological analyses and determination of the cytokine profile and cortisol levels. Granulomatous reaction, eosinophilic infiltrate and vasculitis in the intestinal tract, pancreas, liver and spleen were observed with varying intensity in infected animals. Our results showed that the mice developed normocytic and hypochromic anaemia, and that the histopathological lesions caused by the experimental infection influenced increases in cortisol, neutrophil and monocyte levels. In addition to this, we detected increased interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor alpha levels in the infected animals.

scholarly journals EKSPRESI Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α) DAN Transforming growth factors beta (TGF-β) PADA PERIODONTITIS APIKALIS KRONIS AKIBAT INDUKSI Enterococcus faecalis PADA TIKUS WISTAR

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Richard Fritzgerald ◽  
Cecilia Lunardhi ◽  
Ruslan Effendy ◽  
Tamara Yuanita
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Transforming Growth Factors ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Background. Root canal treatment is a main role in decreasing infection from root canal and pulp. The main cause of periapical damage mostly are bacteries. E.faecalis is a bactery that is found as an etiology of endodontic treatment failure. Cell wall of this bacteria is containing Lipoteichoic acid (LTA). LTA can penetrate into the periradicular tissue, act as endotoxin in host and cause periradicular inflammation then lead to bone destruction. LTA stimulates immunology reaction that produce Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α) and Transforming growth factors beta (TGF-ß). TNF-α is a main mediator and also have an important role in inflamation response otherwise TGF-ß is working as a multifunction  regulator of cell growth and differentiation during reforming and remodelling.  Purpose. The aim of this study is to know about the expression of TNF-α and TGF-ß during the periapical tissue damage due to induction of E.faecalis. Method. This study used laboratory experimental with the post test only control group design. A total of 30 male rats were randomly divided into 3 main groups, Group A (control negative) : normal tooth. Group B (control positive) : every tooth was induced only by sterile BHI-b. Group C (treated group) : every tooth  was induced by 10 μl BHI-b E.faecalis ATCC212(106 CFU). The animals were sacrificed 21 days later and prepared for histological examination of tissue damage, then we did the immunohistochemistry  followed by calculation on the light microscope. Result. The analysis revealed that the expression of TNF-α at treated group are higher than negative control and positive control but the expression of  TGF-ß at treated group are higher than the negative control group but lower than positive control. Conclusion. From this study we know that the expression of TNF-α and TGF-ß are changing during the periapical tissue damage that induced by E.faecalis.

scholarly journals Assessment Of Tumour Necrosis Factor-Alpha (Tnf- Α) And Creatinine Levels In Echis Ocellatus Bite Victims In Jos Metropolis, Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Manafa P.O. ◽  
Osmond E.O. ◽  
Onyenekwe C.C. ◽  
Okeke C.O. ◽  
Chukwuma G.O. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Level ◽  
Tumour Necrosis Factor ◽  
Tumour Necrosis ◽  
Tumour Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Necrosis Factor

This study was designed to assess tumour necrosis factor-alpha and creatinine levels in Echis ocellatus bite victims. A total of 50 subjects were recruited. Out of this number, 40 were victims of E. ocellatus bite and the remaining 10 were non-victims of snake bite who served as the control group. Blood samples were collected from the victims within 24 hours of the snake bite and EchiTAb-G antivenom administered within the same period. Another batch of blood sample was collected 48 hours post-administration of the anti-venom. Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels were estimated by the Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay technique while creatinine levels were determined using kinetic-spectrophotometric procedure. The mean serum levels of tumour necrosis factor-alpha and creatinine were significantly increased in E. ocellatus bite victims compared with the control group (P<0.05). Furthermore, the mean serum level of TNFalpha was significantly lower in E. ocellatus bite victims, post-administration of anti-venom, compared with the pre-administration of anti-venom (P<0.05). In contrast, no significant difference was observed in the mean serum level of creatinine in E. ocellatus bite victims, post-administration of anti-venom, compared with the pre-administration of anti-venom (P>0.05). Moreover, the mean serum level of creatinine was found to be significantly increased in E. ocellatus bite victims, post-administration of anti-venom, compared with the control group (P<0.05), while no significant difference was observed in the mean serum level of tumour necrosis factor-alpha in E. ocellatus bite victims, post-administration of anti-venom, compared with the control group(P>0.05). A positive correlation existed between tumour necrosis factor-alpha and creatinine levels in E. ocellatus bite subjects (r= 0.782). Echis ocellatus bite is a risk factor for renal damage indicated by an elevated serum creatinine, thus health authorities should make EchiTAb-G anti-venom freely available in health facilities and administered as quickly as possible to reduce the risk of renal damage in Echis ocellatus bite-prone areas.

Hypokinetic Movement Disorders: Parkinson Disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 576-582
Author(s):  
Sarah M. Tisel ◽  
Bryan T. Klassen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Movement Disorder ◽  
Movement Disorders ◽  
Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
Microscopic Level ◽  
Rest Tremor ◽  
Macroscopic Level ◽  
Progressive Degeneration

Parkinson disease (PD) is the classic hypokinetic movement disorder and one of the most common and widely recognized neurodegenerative conditions. PD is distinct from parkinsonism, a term that refers to a syndrome of rest tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, and postural instability. The mechanism behind the progressive degeneration and cell death that result in PD is not precisely understood. Substantia nigra depigmentation occurs on a macroscopic level and loss of dopaminergic neurons and gliosis on a microscopic level.

scholarly journals Earliest Mechanisms of Dopaminergic Neurons Sufferance in a Novel Slow Progressing Ex Vivo Model of Parkinson Disease in Rat Organotypic Cultures of Substantia Nigra

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 2224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Dal Ben ◽  
Rosario Bongiovanni ◽  
Simone Tuniz ◽  
Emanuela Fioriti ◽  
Claudio Tiribelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Ex Vivo Model ◽  
Redox Imbalance ◽  
Clinical Phase ◽  
Protein Clearance ◽  
Persistent Inflammation

The current treatments of Parkinson disease (PD) are ineffective mainly due to the poor understanding of the early events causing the decline of dopaminergic neurons (DOPAn). To overcome this problem, slow progressively degenerating models of PD allowing the study of the pre-clinical phase are crucial. We recreated in a short ex vivo time scale (96 h) all the features of human PD (needing dozens of years) by challenging organotypic culture of rat substantia nigra with low doses of rotenone. Thus, taking advantage of the existent knowledge, the model was used to perform a time-dependent comparative study of the principal possible causative molecular mechanisms undergoing DOPAn demise. Alteration in the redox state and inflammation started at 3 h, preceding the reduction in DOPAn number (pre-diagnosis phase). The number of DOPAn declined to levels compatible with diagnosis only at 12 h. The decline was accompanied by a persistent inflammation and redox imbalance. Significant microglia activation, apoptosis, a reduction in dopamine vesicle transporters, and the ubiquitination of misfolded protein clearance pathways were late (96 h, consequential) events. The work suggests inflammation and redox imbalance as simultaneous early mechanisms undergoing DOPAn sufferance, to be targeted for a causative treatment aimed to stop/delay PD.

scholarly journals Suppression of Tumorigenesis: Modulation of Inflammatory Cytokines by Oral Administration of Microencapsulated Probiotic Yogurt Formulation

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Malgorzata Urbanska ◽  
Arghya Paul ◽  
Jasmine Bhahena ◽  
Satya Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Western Blots ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Probiotic Yogurt ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
Irritable Bowel

The objective of this study was to examine the ability of a novel microencapsulated probiotic yogurt formulation to suppress the intestinal inflammation. We assessed its anticancer activity by screening interleukin-1, 6, and 12 (IL-1, 6, 12), secretory levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), prostaglandinE2  (PGE2), and thromboxane B2 in the digesta obtained from the duodenum, jejunum, proximal, and distal segments of the ileum of C57BL/6J-ApcMin/J mice. Formulation-receiving animals showed consistently lower proinflammatory cytokines' levels when compared to control group animals receiving empty alginate-poly-L-lysine-alginate (APA) microcapsules suspended in saline. The concentrations of IL-12 found in serum in control and treatment group animals were significant:46.58±16.96 pg/mL and158.58±28.56 pg/mL for control and treatment animals, respectively. We determined a significant change in plasma C-reactive protein:81.04±23.73 ng/mL in control group and64.21±16.64 ng/mL in treatment group. Western blots showed a 71% downregulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein in treatment group animals compared to control. These results point to the possibility of using this yogurt formulation in anticancer therapies, in addition to chronic gut diseases such as Crohn's disease, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) thanks to its inflammation lowering properties.

Serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha does not mediate endotoxin-induced myocardial depression in rabbits

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (2) ◽  
pp. H485-H491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Nishikawa ◽  
J. Mathison ◽  
W. Y. Lew
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Tnf Alpha ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lv Function ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Systolic Volume ◽  
End Diastolic Volume ◽  
End Systolic Volume ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is an endogenous mediator for several effects of endotoxin. To evaluate whether TNF-alpha mediates endotoxin-induced left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, we measured LV function (sonomicrometers) and serum TNF-alpha (cytolytic assay) in anesthetized rabbits given endotoxin (100 micrograms/kg iv). In the control group (n = 8), systolic depression (defined by a > 10% increase in end-systolic volume at a matched end-systolic pressure) developed in four rabbits and diastolic dilation (> 10% increase in end-diastolic volume at a matched end-diastolic pressure) developed in three rabbits. Neither the increase in end-systolic volume nor the increase in end-diastolic volume correlated with the increase in TNF-alpha, which reached a peak of 2,875 +/- 762 U/ml. In a second group of rabbits (n = 7), a goat polyclonal anti-rabbit antibody to TNF-alpha was given 30-60 min before endotoxin. Anti-TNF-alpha antibody alone did not alter LV function. Although the TNF-alpha response to endotoxin was effectively blunted (peak TNF-alpha remained < 100 U/ml), all seven rabbits developed systolic depression (P = 0.08 compared with control group) and diastolic dilation (P = 0.03). We conclude that serum TNF-alpha does not mediate endotoxin-induced LV systolic depression or diastolic dilation in this model.

scholarly journals Tributyrin in Inflammation: Does White Adipose Tissue Affect Colorectal Cancer?

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luana Amorim Biondo ◽  
Alexandre Abilio S. Teixeira ◽  
Loreana S. Silveira ◽  
Camila O. Souza ◽  
Raquel G. F. Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Colon Carcinogenesis ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Factor Alpha

Colorectal cancer affects the large intestine, leading to loss of white adipose tissue (WAT) and alterations in adipokine secretion. Lower incidence of colorectal cancer is associated with increased fibre intake. Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are fibres that increase production of butyrate by the intestinal microbiota. Tributyrin, a prodrug of butyric acid, exerts beneficial anti-inflammatory effects on colorectal cancer. Our aim was to characterise the effects of diets rich in FOS and tributyrin within the context of a colon carcinogenesis model, and characterise possible support of tumorigenesis by WAT. C57/BL6 male mice were divided into four groups: a control group (CT) fed with chow diet and three colon carcinogenesis-induced groups fed either with chow diet (CA), tributyrin-supplemented diet (BUT), or with FOS-supplemented diet. Colon carcinogenesis decreased adipose mass in subcutaneous, epididymal, and retroperitoneal tissues, while also reducing serum glucose and leptin concentrations. However, it did not alter the concentrations of adiponectin, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF)-α in WAT. Additionally, the supplements did not revert the colon cancer affected parameters. The BUT group exhibited even higher glucose tolerance and levels of IL-6, VEGF, and TNF-α in WAT. To conclude our study, FOS and butyrate supplements were not beneficial. In addition, butyrate worsened adipose tissue inflammation.

scholarly journals Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha in Peripical Tissue Exudates of Teeth with Apical Periodontitis

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja Pezelj-Ribaric ◽  
Karolina Magašic ◽  
Jelena Prpic ◽  
Ivana Miletic ◽  
Zoran Karlovic
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽  
Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Radiological Findings ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
Radiological Changes ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Aim.The aim of this study was to determine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels in periapical exudates and to evaluate their relationship with radiological findings.Methodology.Periapical exudates were collected from root canals of 60 single-rooted teeth using absorbent paper points. TNF-αlevels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The samples were divided into three groups according to the periapical radiolucent area.Results.Nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test revealed significant differences between TNF-αconcentrations in control group (40,57±28, 15 pg/mL) and group with larger radiolucent areas (2365,79±582, 95 pg/mL), as well as between control and canals with small radiolucent areas (507,66±278, 97) (P<.05).Conclusions.The levels of TNF-αincrease significantly in teeth with periapical pathosis, from smaller to bigger lesions. This research and its results have shown that objective analysis of the TNF-αlevels enables establishment of a relationship between different concentrations of TNF-αand different radiological changes.

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