scholarly journals Gender Representation in EFL Textbooks for Elementary Schools: A Content Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 408
Author(s):  
Winda Khoirun Nisak ◽  
Furaidah Furaidah ◽  
Gunadi Harry Sulistyo
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Representation ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The World ◽  
Household Activities

<p><strong>Abstract:</strong> This research is a study of assessing the representation of gender in elementary school textbooks used by an international curriculum that is widely used in 160 countries throughout the world. The content analysis used to lead the representation of the male and female on the textbooks. The findings of this study indicate that the gender representation formed in the textbook shows the existence of gender equality which is reflected in the balanced emergence of male and female characters that appear in textbooks, the prevalence of the professional picture of men and women and the balance of household activities reflected in the textbook.</p><strong>Abstrak:</strong> Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian mengenai representasi gender di buku teks siswa sekolah dasar yang dipakai oleh kurikulum internasional yang tersebar luas di 160 negara di seluruh dunia. Konten analisis dipakai untuk melihat representasi dalam buku. Temuan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa konstruksi gender yang terbentuk dalam buku teks tersebut menunjukkan adanya kesetaraan gender yang tercermin dari berimbangnya kemunculan karakter laki laki dan perempuan yang muncul dalam buku teks, meratanya gambaran profesi laki-laki dan perempuan serta berimbangnya kegiatan rumah tangga yang tercermin dalam buku teks.

scholarly journals Trends in Gender Portrayal in the Avengers Series: A Conventional Content Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haley Morales ◽  
Daniel Olivo
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Common Elements ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male Characters ◽  
Conventional Content Analysis ◽  
Over Time

The Bechdel test, used to examine the frequency and portrayal of women in film, consists of three criteria – (1) a movie must represent two or more women, (2) who have names and speak to each other, (3) about anything other than a man. In order to answer the research question “Based on the Bechdel test, how does the Avengers series portray their female characters compared to their male characters?”, this paper utilizes and extends beyond the Bechdel test by performing a conventional content analysis of same-gender conversations in four top-grossing superhero films – Marvel’s The Avengers (2012), Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015), Avengers: Infinity War (2018), and Avengers: Endgame (2019). By combining the simplicity of the Bechdel test with a qualitative approach to code dialogue, this paper illustrates the underrepresentation of female characters and specific differences between the portrayal of men and women in modern Marvel films. While the films improved in the amount of female characters and female-to-female conversations over time, there is still a small amount of female-to-female conversations in these films compared to male-to-male conversations. Furthermore, while male characters rarely spoke to each other about women, female characters spoke to each other about men very often. Some common elements of dialogue for both male and female characters were worries about danger, discussions of violence, and insulting others. Implications regarding this portrayal’s impact on female viewers are discussed.

scholarly journals Language of Feminine Consciousness A reading of the Novel (The Beloveds “Al-Muhboubat”) by (Aliyah Mamdouh)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr Maha Farouk Abdul Qader Al-Hindaw
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
American University ◽  
Male Characters ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
Different Levels

This research is an attempt to reveal the manifestations of (Homosexuality), which is any attitude, deed or language issued by both men and women that says the inferiority of the female, and how women resist it at different levels, the most important of which is (language) in an Iraqi novelist text (Al- Muhboobat) by (Aliyah). Mamdouh) published by Dar Al- Saqi in Beirut in 2003, and the recipient of the Naguib Mahfouz Prize for Novel from the American University in Cairo in 2004. The method followed in this study was the analytical method, which came on three levels: 1. Quantitative content analysis: in which the number of male and female characters as they appeared in the novelistic text was compared. 2. The qualitative analysis of the content: It included a comparison between the specifications given to the male and female characters in the novelistic text. 3. Analyzing the homosexuality of the dominant language in the text: by which we mean the way in which language is employed in this text. The research concluded that the number of female characters exceeded the male characters in the novel. Andthe heroine’s desire for rejection, Suhaila, to the reality of tyranny and the invasion that she suffered in the homeland and exile through the rejection letter that represented her in the novel, in contrast to the state of complacency, surrender, and weakness suffered by the son Nader, which was represented by the letter of his machine that he adopted in the novel.

scholarly journals PROBLEMATIKA TAFSIR FEMINIS: Studi Kritis Konsep Kesetaraan Gender

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 367
Author(s):  
Adian Husaini ◽  
Rahmatul Husni
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Christian Tradition ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Islamic Tradition ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

<p><strong>Abstract:</strong><em> Gender equality is a discourse that is still warm to be discussed by Muslim feminists. Initiators and supporters of gender equality often questioned about Islamic laws that were considered to be unfair since they had positioned men and women differently such as the obligotary for  adhan (call for prayer), the Friday prayers, the number of goats in aqiqah (welcoming celebretion of child’s</em><em> </em><em>birth), and the compulsory of breastfeeding and caring for the child. Through content analysis, this study tried not only to elaborate a number of products of reintepretation based on Qur'anic Hermeneutics version of the female models but also show the history of the ideology of feminism and the inappropriateness of using hermeneutical exegesis. Feminism departed from the ideology of hatred as a form of resistance against the oppression of women that occurred in Western</em><em> </em><em>Christian civilization in th past. Hermeneutical exegesis approach also came from an academic</em><em> </em><em>Christian tradition that considered Bible text not as a God’s revelation. Both conditions were diametrically opposed to the fact in the Islamic tradition. The text of the Qur’an in Islam, was not a cultural product, but as a revelation of God to human being in the world. Historically,  Islam never surpressed to women, but it placed women in a glorious position. Meanwhile, different roles given to men and women were aimed at getting maximum benefits to the world so that they could work together and complement each other to achieve happiness in the world and the hereafter.</em></p><p dir="RTL"><strong>الملخص</strong> :أصبح موضوع المساواة بين الرجل والمرأة موضوع حديث حارّ بين نساء النسوية المسلمات. قد تتسائل مؤسِّسات المذهب النسوي ومؤيّدوها الشريعة الإسلامية التي – في نظرهن – لم تكن عادلة وتضع الرجل والمرأة في مستوى ومكان غير متواز ، مثل مشروعية الأذان وأداء صلاة الجمعة للرجال وعدد الغنم في العقيقة مختلف بينهما، وتكليف حضانة الأولاد ورعايتهم على النساء. حاولت هذه الدراسة – عن طريق تحليل المضمون ليس فقط دراسة نتائج من إعادة تفسير القرآن بنمط الهرمينيطيقا لدى النساء بل عرضت كذلك تاريخ إيديولوجية النسوية وعدم صحة استخدام التفسير الهرمينيطقي في هذا المجال. اعتمدت النسوية على إيديولوجية الكره والحقد كشكل معارضات على أنواع الظلم تجاه المرأة في المجتمع الغربي المسيحي في القرون الماضية. وأصل التفسير الهرمينيطقي  كذلك من التقاليد الأكاديمية المسيحية المعتبرة أن الإنجيل ليس وحيا يوحي. هذان الشيئان متناقضان بما في الإسلام من أن القرآن ليس انتاجا ثقافيا بل وحي من الله. ليس في الإسلام التاريخ عن ظلم الرأة بل هو وضعها في مرتبة رفيعة. أم تفريق الدور بينهما ليس إلا ليكون كل منهما نافعا في هذه الدنيا ويتعاونان ويتكاملان للحصول على السعادتين في الدنيا والآخرة.</p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong>:<em> Kesetaraan gender merupakan diskursus yang tetap hangat diperbincangkan para feminis muslim. Penggagas dan pendukung kesetaraan gender tidak jarang mempersoalkan hukum Islam yang dianggap kurang adil dan memposisikan laki-laki dan perempuan secara berbeda seperti pembebanan adzan, shalat Jum’at, jumlah kambing saat aqi</em><em>&gt;</em><em>qah di satu sisi, dan pembebanan menyusui dan merawat anak di sisi yang lain. Melalui content analysis kajian ini mencoba tidak saja untuk mengelaborasi sejumlah produk reintepretasi al-Qur’an model Hermeneutika versi kaum perempuan tetapi juga menunjukkan sejarah ideologi feminisme serta ketidaktepatan penggunaan tafsir hermeneutika. Feminisme berangkat dari ideologi kebencian sebagai bentuk perlawanan terhadap penindasan perempuan yang terjadi dalam peradaban Barat-Kristen di masa lalu. Metode tafsir Hermeneutika juga berasal dari tradisi akademis Kristen yang menganggap teks Bible bukan sebagai wahyu. Kedua kondisi ini berseberangan secara diametral dengan fakta dalam tradisi Islam. Teks al-Qur’an, dalam Islam, bukanlah produk budaya, melainkan wahyu. Islam tidak memiliki sejarah penindasan terhadap kaum perempuan, bahkan memposisikan perempuan dalam posisi yang mulia. Perbedaan peran yang diberikan kepada laki-laki dan perempuan ditujukan agar keduanya dapat bermanfaat secara maksimal di dunia, untuk saling bekerja sama dan melengkapi demi mencapai kebahagiaan dunia dan akhirat.</em></p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>kesetaraan, gender, perempuan, feminisme, tafsir, hermeneutik.</p>

Gender Differences in Clothing Worn in Current Popular Comic Books

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle Landon Jossy
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Comic Books ◽  
Book Industry ◽  
Comic Book ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Males And Females

This study looked at how males and females were portrayed, based on the amount of skin shown in the clothing worn.  A Content analysis was performed on a sample of 20 randomly selected popular comics from the last 3 years.  Both male and female characters were rated on how much skin they showed in three clothing categories; neck line, sleeve length, and lower body.  Results showed that in all 3 categories, women consistently wore more revealing clothing.  The findings demonstraetd that the comic book industry is comparable to other forms of media, in the sexualization of female characters, by having them wear more revealing clothing.

Gender Impact on the Enterprise Performance

2020 ◽  
pp. 54-62
Author(s):  
Oleksii V. Lyulyov ◽  
Oleksandra I. Karintseva ◽  
Andrii V. Yevdokymov ◽  
Hanna S. Ponomarova ◽  
Oleksandr O. Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Gender Representation ◽  
Board Members ◽  
Enterprise Performance ◽  
World Economic Forum ◽  
Return On Assets ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
The Impact

The article describes the situation of gender equality in Ukraine and in the world during the last 5 years, identifies the leading countries in moving towards gender equality in various fields of life by analyzing the indicators of the Global Gender Gap Report of the World Economic Forum. These indicators include: Economic Participation and Opportunity, Educational Attainment, Health and Survival, Political Empowerment, which are the part of a single index that determines the position of countries in the overall ranking. Based on the results of this analysis, Ukraine has improved value of gender equality index, although in the overall ranking of countries Ukraine has lost its position and dropped 11 ranks lower than in 2014. This means that, among all the countries surveyed by the World Economic Forum, there are countries that are moving much faster towards gender equality than Ukraine. In addition, the article includes the investigation of the gender representation among the board members of 5 enterprises of Ukraine for 2014-2017, which represent the leading sectors of the Ukrainian economy. The dynamics of changes in the level of performance of these enterprises using the return on assets (ROA) indicator is analyzed, the relationship between the leadership of the enterprises and the value of the ROA indicator is graphically presented. The obtained results do not give a clear answer about the gender impact on the enterprise performance. The reason for this is a number of factors, such as: insufficient statistical sampling of enterprises; the selected performance indicator of enterprise activities does not fully reflect the impact of the gender factor on enterprise activities; the methodology used in the work needs improvements, or it is necessary to choose a totally new approach to the analysis of the investigated issue under study. Gender representation among board members and its impact on enterprise performance should be investigated further. Key words: gender, gender equality, enterprise board members, return on assets.

scholarly journals THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE CONTENTS OF THE WORLDVIEW OF PEOPLE, INVOLVED IN A MILITARY CONFLICT

2020 ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
Yelena I. Barysheva
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Extreme Situation ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Military Conflict ◽  
The World ◽  
Inner World ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Global Values ◽  
Good And Evil

The article is devoted to the problem of studying the worldview and features of its components change under extremal conditions. The author studies features of the attitude to the inner world of people involved in a war confl ict, their ideas about good and evil. The sample of the study is 95 men and women of mature age. The article describes results of the qualitative analysis of the experiment participants’ answers. A content analysis of the respondents’ answers gave a representation of the substantial characteristics of the perception and understanding of the world, about the feeling of a comfortable or uncomfortable presence in the world. The statements of the respondents refl ected the characteristics of the value-semantic sphere of personality. The study notes the difference and specifi city in the presentation of the material by men and women, which is consistent with ideas about the characteristics of motionality, the dynamics of experiences, the specifi cs of the reality refl ection by men and women. The transformations that took place in the picture of the world of a person under the infl uence of an extreme situation of a military confl ict show that the experiences have led not only to traumatising the psyche but also to the understanding of the important existential meanings, awareness about the global values. During the study of the substantial features of the picture of the world, a connection was found with the characteristics of the hardiness of a person.

Dehumanizing Gender: The Debiasing Effects of Gendering Human-Abstracted Entities

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 1681-1696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley E. Martin ◽  
Michael L. Slepian
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Stereotyping ◽  
Current Work ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
Masculinity And Femininity ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Novel Model ◽  
Opposing Effect

The propensity to “gender”—or conceptually divide entities by masculinity versus femininity—is pervasive. Such gendering is argued to hinder gender equality, as it reifies the bifurcation of men and women into two unequal categories, leading many to advocate for a “de-gendering movement.” However, gendering is so prevalent that individuals can also gender entities far removed from human sex categories of male and female (i.e., weather, numbers, sounds) due to the conceptual similarities they share with our notions of masculinity and femininity (e.g., tough, tender). While intuition might predict that extending gender to these (human-abstracted) entities only further reinforces stereotypes, the current work presents a novel model and evidence demonstrating the opposing effect. Five studies demonstrate that gendering human-abstracted entities highlights how divorced psychological notions of gender are from biological sex, thereby decreasing gender stereotyping and penalties toward stereotype violators, through reducing essentialist views of gender. Rather than “de-gendering” humans, we demonstrate the potential benefits of “dehumanizing gender.”

Promoting the Image of Gender Equality in Swedish Film as the 2020 Deadline Expires

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-153
Author(s):  
Ingrid Ryberg
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Film Industry ◽  
Individual Recognition ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Intersectional Analysis ◽  
The World

This article provides a critical discussion of the world-famous, much-celebrated gender equality work in the Swedish film industry. Since the Swedish Film Institute launched a program for gender equality in 2013, redesigned in 2016 as the action plan 50/50 by 2020, Sweden has been held up as a model country and the Film Institute’s CEO Anna Serner has held several widely publicized seminars in Cannes and elsewhere. This article aims to contextualize the Swedish case, as influential curators, jury chairs, and festival directors around the globe have signed the 50/50 by 2020 campaign with no evidence of its primary goal of dividing production support evenly between men and women by 2020 being within reach. I show that the notion of Sweden as an egalitarian haven obscures remaining injustices, norms, and, not least, the equality program’s lack of intersectional analysis. Unraveling “the myth of gender equality” in Swedish film, this essay shows how this myth operates in the context of Swedish foreign policy and self-promotion in the neoliberal present. As much as the current mobilization for change is worth applauding, I argue that it is crucial to critically examine actual measures and push for redistributive results beyond symbolic commitment, individual recognition, and positive publicity.

scholarly journals Gender Representations in EFL Textbooks

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 247-259
Author(s):  
Fren Dwiyan Saputra
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Gender Representation ◽  
Equal Proportion ◽  
Gender Representations ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Picture Analysis ◽  
Made In

This study aimed at finding out the proportion of gender representation in EFL Textbook: When English Rings A Bell VII whether it showed equal proportion or not. The design of this research was content analysis research with 1896 characters and 1344 pictures as the study’s data. The procedure of analyzing the data started by classifying the data into male and female division, then it was analyzed based on Brugeilles & Cromer aspects, while the pictures were simply classified into male or female category. The presentation of male and female category was made by drawing the inferences by the researcher. The result of the analysis was made in the form of percentage and inferences. The result of the study showed the percentage of characters of male was 71% and 29% for female category. Under picture analysis, 55% was male category and 45% was female category. It indicated that When English Rings A Bell VII did not have a balance proportion or an equal representation between male and female category, both under characters and pictures analysis.

scholarly journals Gender Based Linguistic Variations in Urdu Language and Their Role in Suppression of Females

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-248
Author(s):  
Rehana yasmin Anjum ◽  
Fakhra Amjad ◽  
Saira Yousaf ◽  
Faiza Manzoor
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Speech Community ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Social ◽  
Sexist Language ◽  
The World ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Oriented Approach

Sociolinguistics deals with linguistic variations such as dialect, idiolect, genderlect, register etc. It deals with ways of using particular languages and the social roles of speakers of these languages.  It is the speaker-oriented approach. Genders have different characteristics in the use of language, which lead to the gender differences in language. The present study was conducted to analyze the gender-based linguistic variations (variations at discourse and communication level) in Urdu language. Deborah Tannen’s Genderlect theory is the theoretical Background of the study. She has presented six sets of language contrasts that are used as instrument to analyze male and female conversations. It is commonly believed that women language is more sophisticated, apologetic as compared to men. These differences are called gender preferential differences in a patriarchal society with their own fancies and whims. The hypothesis is that men and women have different ways of communicating, based on male and female perception of the world as they are made of different things and contrasting style. The qualitative paradigm used in this study. Direct observation, interview and tape recording are used as tools for the data collection. Recorded conversation has been transcribed and analyzed to provide data from which these issues have been discussed. The researcher has analyzed Urdu language conversation among Urdu speech community living specially in Sialkot, according to Tannen’s speech contrasts. The data was analyzed manually. The findings show that variations occur due to the use of various linguistic devices, style, topic of discussion, power etc. This study is limited to the Urdu speech community. The limitation of my research is that I observed the language of middle class Urdu speech community not the other classes. In this research, I only highlighted variations at communication level, and delimited all other variations such as morphological, syntactic, phonological variations. Future researchers can study these aspects. The study will benefit the whole society in creation of awareness about non-sexist language to give a psychological identity of females in Pakistan.

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