scholarly journals Trends in Gender Portrayal in the Avengers Series: A Conventional Content Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haley Morales ◽  
Daniel Olivo
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Common Elements ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male Characters ◽  
Conventional Content Analysis ◽  
Over Time

The Bechdel test, used to examine the frequency and portrayal of women in film, consists of three criteria – (1) a movie must represent two or more women, (2) who have names and speak to each other, (3) about anything other than a man. In order to answer the research question “Based on the Bechdel test, how does the Avengers series portray their female characters compared to their male characters?”, this paper utilizes and extends beyond the Bechdel test by performing a conventional content analysis of same-gender conversations in four top-grossing superhero films – Marvel’s The Avengers (2012), Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015), Avengers: Infinity War (2018), and Avengers: Endgame (2019). By combining the simplicity of the Bechdel test with a qualitative approach to code dialogue, this paper illustrates the underrepresentation of female characters and specific differences between the portrayal of men and women in modern Marvel films. While the films improved in the amount of female characters and female-to-female conversations over time, there is still a small amount of female-to-female conversations in these films compared to male-to-male conversations. Furthermore, while male characters rarely spoke to each other about women, female characters spoke to each other about men very often. Some common elements of dialogue for both male and female characters were worries about danger, discussions of violence, and insulting others. Implications regarding this portrayal’s impact on female viewers are discussed.

scholarly journals Language of Feminine Consciousness A reading of the Novel (The Beloveds “Al-Muhboubat”) by (Aliyah Mamdouh)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr Maha Farouk Abdul Qader Al-Hindaw
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
American University ◽  
Male Characters ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
Different Levels

This research is an attempt to reveal the manifestations of (Homosexuality), which is any attitude, deed or language issued by both men and women that says the inferiority of the female, and how women resist it at different levels, the most important of which is (language) in an Iraqi novelist text (Al- Muhboobat) by (Aliyah). Mamdouh) published by Dar Al- Saqi in Beirut in 2003, and the recipient of the Naguib Mahfouz Prize for Novel from the American University in Cairo in 2004. The method followed in this study was the analytical method, which came on three levels: 1. Quantitative content analysis: in which the number of male and female characters as they appeared in the novelistic text was compared. 2. The qualitative analysis of the content: It included a comparison between the specifications given to the male and female characters in the novelistic text. 3. Analyzing the homosexuality of the dominant language in the text: by which we mean the way in which language is employed in this text. The research concluded that the number of female characters exceeded the male characters in the novel. Andthe heroine’s desire for rejection, Suhaila, to the reality of tyranny and the invasion that she suffered in the homeland and exile through the rejection letter that represented her in the novel, in contrast to the state of complacency, surrender, and weakness suffered by the son Nader, which was represented by the letter of his machine that he adopted in the novel.

scholarly journals Gender Representation in EFL Textbooks for Elementary Schools: A Content Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 408
Author(s):  
Winda Khoirun Nisak ◽  
Furaidah Furaidah ◽  
Gunadi Harry Sulistyo
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Representation ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The World ◽  
Household Activities

<p><strong>Abstract:</strong> This research is a study of assessing the representation of gender in elementary school textbooks used by an international curriculum that is widely used in 160 countries throughout the world. The content analysis used to lead the representation of the male and female on the textbooks. The findings of this study indicate that the gender representation formed in the textbook shows the existence of gender equality which is reflected in the balanced emergence of male and female characters that appear in textbooks, the prevalence of the professional picture of men and women and the balance of household activities reflected in the textbook.</p><strong>Abstrak:</strong> Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian mengenai representasi gender di buku teks siswa sekolah dasar yang dipakai oleh kurikulum internasional yang tersebar luas di 160 negara di seluruh dunia. Konten analisis dipakai untuk melihat representasi dalam buku. Temuan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa konstruksi gender yang terbentuk dalam buku teks tersebut menunjukkan adanya kesetaraan gender yang tercermin dari berimbangnya kemunculan karakter laki laki dan perempuan yang muncul dalam buku teks, meratanya gambaran profesi laki-laki dan perempuan serta berimbangnya kegiatan rumah tangga yang tercermin dalam buku teks.

Evolution of men and women images in the character system in science fiction works of the Strugatsky brothers

Neophilology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 557-565
Author(s):  
Ilya V. Kozlov
Keyword(s):  
Science Fiction ◽  
Internal Conflict ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male Characters ◽  
Character System ◽  
The World ◽  
Feminist Theories ◽  
Traditional Roles ◽  
Over Time

The science fiction works of the Strugatsky brothers are considered as a common artistic world undergoing a certain evolution over time. One indicator of this change is the correlation of male and female characters in character systems of works. A similar change is traced (starting from the early works – “The Way to Amalthea”, “From Beyond” – to the later ones – “Beetle in the Anthill”, “Snail on the Slope”). At first, it can be seen in the quantitative transformation (the appearance of female images in character systems), and then in the influence they have on the plot, narration (including the “author's”digressions), in general – on the image of the world in the works of the Strugatsky. At the same time, an attempt is made to distract from the correlation of the Strugatskys’ work with political and feminist theories, the conclusions are formulated on the basis of an analytical consideration of the artistic form of literary works themselves. Heroines appear in their traditional roles. But then they from “helpers” become opponents in the character system, acquiring traits hostile to male characters. Such a change, in turn, affects the plots of the works, transforming the adventurous plot (now not just a plot-study, but conquest and transformation) and deepening the internal conflict of the Strugatsky brothers’ artistic world.

scholarly journals A Feminist Stylistic Analysis of Characterisation in Doris Lessings A Woman on a Roof

2019 ◽  
Vol IV (III) ◽  
pp. 309-316
Author(s):  
Abdul Qayyum ◽  
Mujib Rahman ◽  
Henna Gul Nisar
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
Stylistic Analysis ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male Characters ◽  
Representational Practices ◽  
The People

In her book Feminist Stylistics, Sara Mills (1995) argues that characters in texts are not simulacra of humans. They are merely words which represent men and women in accordance with stereotypes that are found in society. This study takes up D. Lessings short story A Woman on a Roof (1963/1990) and looks at the characterisation in it by using Mills model (1995) at the level of discourse. The aim of the study is to find out whether the representation of male and female characters in this story is gendered or not. The results of the study show that female characters are represented negatively while the male characters are represented positively. On the basis of these findings, it is recommended that these representational practices need to change in order to bring about a change in the thinking of the people.

Gender Differences in Clothing Worn in Current Popular Comic Books

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle Landon Jossy
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Comic Books ◽  
Book Industry ◽  
Comic Book ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Males And Females

This study looked at how males and females were portrayed, based on the amount of skin shown in the clothing worn.  A Content analysis was performed on a sample of 20 randomly selected popular comics from the last 3 years.  Both male and female characters were rated on how much skin they showed in three clothing categories; neck line, sleeve length, and lower body.  Results showed that in all 3 categories, women consistently wore more revealing clothing.  The findings demonstraetd that the comic book industry is comparable to other forms of media, in the sexualization of female characters, by having them wear more revealing clothing.

scholarly journals LIFE MANAGEMENT OF CONTRACTOR’S SITE QUANTITY SURVEYOR

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHARIKA DARSHANI ◽  
◽  
K.I. RIDMIKA ◽  
B.A.K.S. PERERA ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Time Constraints ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Life Management ◽  
Satisfactory Life ◽  
Management Controls

Life management controls the quality of one’s work while ensuring one’s quality of life with minimum conflicts. The contractor’s site quantity surveyor (QS), who has to shoulder many responsibilities on-site amongst time constraints, can most probably experience a life imbalance. Because the personal responsibilities of female and male site QSs differ, the aim of this study was to identify the strategies that will enhance the life management of contractor’s site quantity surveyors. The qualitative approach was adopted in the study, and the required empirical data were collected by interviewing 20 females and 20 males contractor’s site QSs. The interview findings were analysed using manual content analysis. Thirty-one and twenty-eight causes of life imbalance in male and female QSs respectively were identified. In addition, 50 and 48 strategies that will facilitate satisfactory life management in male and female QSs, respectively were identified. Some of the identified causes and strategies were common to both male and females QSs.

The Transforming, Transformative Self

2021 ◽  
pp. 351-380
Author(s):  
Jack Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Identity Development ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Identity Exploration ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Identity Statuses ◽  
Interpersonal Conflicts ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Low Degrees ◽  
Over Time

The developmental path of the transformative self is not straightforward, easy, or uniform. This chapter charts how the transformative self itself develops over time, from the theoretical perspectives of Eriksonian identity development and eudaimonic growth. The chapter provides an overview of how one’s degrees of identity exploration and commitment in a world of others shape one’s development over time. High versus low degrees of exploration and commitment yield four identity statuses or pathways: searchers, traditionalists, pathmakers, and drifters. This chapter surveys recent research and theoretical adjustments on the Eriksonian ideal, notably regarding non-idealized pathways of development. Excerpts from the bildungsroman genre illustrate the internal and interpersonal conflicts of eudaimonic growth that arise along all four pathways, plus non-ideal developments, from the perspectives of male and female characters, and then in the contexts of relationships, work, and religious views.

scholarly journals An Investigation into the Translation Techniques Used in the Female Characters in the Comic of Pasutri Gaje

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 211-216
Author(s):  
Diana Sri Pujiastuti ◽  
M.R. Nababan ◽  
Riyadi Santosa
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Translation Techniques ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

This study is aimed to identify the translation techniques used in the female characters of the comic of Pasutri Gaje which contain annoying speech. This research is embedded in a descriptive qualitative approach conducted and the purpose of the research is to identify the translation techniques used in translating sentences accomodating expression of annoyance in the conversations of female characters in the comic pasutri gaje. Data were collected through content analysis and validated by rater through focus group discussions (FGD). The results show that there were 160 data in comic Pasutri Gaje which used 13 translations techniques, namely established equivalence, explicitation, modulation, paraphrase, implications, compensation, pure borrowing, variant borrowing, transposition, adaptation, reduction, literal, discursive creation, literal.

scholarly journals Social Identity and Use of Taboo Words in Angry Mood: A Gender Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hashamdar ◽  
Fahimeh Rafi
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male Characters ◽  
Gender Study ◽  
Taboo Words ◽  
University Degree ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between social identity and the taboo words men and women use in order to express their anger. Moreover, this study went further and investigated the relationship between using taboo words in male and female participants who had a university degree and those who did not. In order to do the research, 20 female and 20 male adults, whose professions were similar in pairs, were randomly selected. The researcher recorded their voices when they were in an angry mood. After recording data, the researcher made a transcription of the first fifty words uttered by each participant. Then, the taboo words- words which were considered offensive or shocking and that were discouraged in public places - were calculated. Finally, the percentage of taboo words used by each participant was calculated and compared to that of the others. The findings of the study confirmed that the percentage of using taboo language by male characters, in different social identities, was much more than that of female characters. On the other hand, by dividing the participants into two groups of those who had a university degree, and those with no university degree, the researcher came to the conclusion that both male and female participants with a university degree used less taboo words than those without a university degree.

“Trust no one”: Narrative Complexity and Character Opacity in Damages

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-146
Author(s):  
Michael Butter
Keyword(s):  
Female Characters ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Protagonists ◽  
Male Characters ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Withholding Information

Abstract This article analyzes the first season of Damages (2007) as an early example of the representation of ‘difficult’ women on television. More specifically, I investigate the relationship between the show’s character conception and its complex narration. I argue that all the major male and female characters on the show are ‘difficult’ in the sense that the audience experiences close alignment but troubled allegiance to them. However, the two female protagonists – top-notch lawyer Patty Hewes and her young and initially idealistic associate Ellen Parsons – are also opaque characters about whose thoughts and plans the audience is largely left in the dark. This opacity is mirrored and enhanced by the narration, which constantly teases the audience by withholding information about the plot, suggests inferences that then turn out to be wrong, and generally provides far more insight into the male characters than into the female characters.

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