scholarly journals Combined anticonvulsant effect of nifedipine and pentazocine in experimentally induced seizures in rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1875
Author(s):  
Santosh K. Banjara ◽  
Balakrishna Namala ◽  
Rajanna Ajumeera
Keyword(s):  
Antiepileptic Drugs ◽  
Hind Limb ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Anticonvulsant Effect ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Post Hoc

Background: Epilepsy is one of the common disorders of human with a prevalence of approximately 1% of the total population. Majority of seizures can be controlled with available antiepileptic drugs, about 20% of them still remain resistant to treatment. Recognizing this, there is a need to develop newer antiepileptic drugs with therapeutic potential. Present work is based upon the production of convulsions by maximal electroshock in rats. Evaluation of combined anticonvulsant effect of nifedipine and pentazocine on the duration of convulsion and duration of tonic hind limb extension and recovery in rats.Methods: The study was commenced after obtaining approval from IAEC, Department of Pharmacology, Osmania Medical College, Koti, Hyderabad. All the wistar rats were induced convulsions by Maximal Electro-Shock (MES) method and rats showing tonic hind limb extension response were randomised into four groups (six animals in each group). Group 1 received distilled water, group 2 treated with nifedipine 10mg/kg BW, group 3 treated with pentazocine 30mg/kg BW and group 4 treated with both nifedipine 10mg/kg BW and pentazocine 30mg/kg BW. Drug administered by intraperitoneal route. The data analysed using ANOVA and group means with LSD Post Hoc Test. p‐values <0.05 were considered as significant.Results: When nifedipine and pentazocine were combined, the mean duration of convulsions, tonic hind limb extension and recovery were significantly decreased compared to control, nifedipine and pentazocine.Conclusions: The results obtained in this study provide supporting pharmacological evidence of efficacy, possible potential benefit of combining nifedipine with pentazocine in epilepsy.

scholarly journals Anticonvulsant Effect of Nebivolol alone and in Combination with Phenytoin against Maximal Electroshock-Induced Seizures in Mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuranjani Dhamodharan ◽  
Nitya Selvaraj ◽  
R Meenakshi
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Anticonvulsant Effect ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Mes Test ◽  
Oral Group ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2

Introduction: Phenytoin is widely used in treatment of generalised tonic clonic seizures but its adverse effects make its usage limited. Hence forth, there is a need for newer antiepileptics. Studies have shown antiepileptic property for nebivolol in combination with phenytoin hence, reducing the dosage of phenytoin and its adverse effects and toxicities. Aim: To evaluate the anticonvulsant property of nebivolol alone and in combination with phenytoin against Maximal Electroshock Seizures (MES) in a mouse model. Materials and Methods: This was an experimental animal study on total of 36 swiss albino male mice were randomly assigned to six groups with six animals in each group in December 2019 at Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital. Group 1 was considered as normal control, Group 2 received Phenytoin 25 mg/kg Intraperitoneal (IP); Group 3 & 4 received Nebivolol 0.25 mg/kg oral & 0.50 mg/kg oral, respectively; Group 5 received 12.5 mg/kg IP and nebivolol 0.25 mg/kg oral; Group 6 received Phenytoin 12.5 mg/kg IP and nebivolol 0.50 mg/kg oral. Anticonvulsant effect of the drugs nebivolol and phenytoin was elicited in mice by MES test. After induction following parameters were recorded for onset of Tonic Hind Limb Extension (THLE), duration of clonus, duration of THLE, number of jerks, recovery time. Statistical analysis was done by ANOVA followed by post-hoc Dunnett t-test. Results: Significant reduction in duration of THLE (p<0.01) and clonus (p<0.001) was observed in the group treated with phenytoin (12.5 mg/kg) and nebivolol (0.50 mg/kg). Conclusion: The present study concludes that the lower dose of phenytoin in combination with nebivolol can reduce seizures induced by MES in mice model.

scholarly journals Centella Asiatica Extracts Regulates Aluminium Chloride-Induced Neurotoxicity in Rats: Impact on Inflammation, Apoptosis and Biogenic Amine Levels

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Shaik Amjad ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Group 1

investigate the therapeutic potential of CA against chronic Aluminium Chloride (AlCl3) exposure induced rats. Wistar albino rats were segregated into four groups: group 1-control rats, group 2-rats received AlCl3 (300 mg/kg body weight, every day orally) for 60 days, rats in group 3-received CA (500 mg/kg body weight, orally) and group 4 rats were initiated with both AlCl3 and CA treatment.

scholarly journals THE SURVIVAL RATE OF CHICK EMBRYO INFLUENCED BY NICOTINE AND ANTIOXIDANT GREEN TEA (CAMELLIA SINENSIS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 2029-32
Author(s):  
Maryam Shan ◽  
Shazia Muazam ◽  
Hina Shan ◽  
Fahad Atta ◽  
Zubia Iftikhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

Objectives: To study the effects of Nicotine on the survival rate of chick embryo and to evaluate the preventive role by the antioxidant green tea camellia sinensis. Study Design: Laboratory-based experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, from Nov 2011 to Nov 2012. Methodology: A total of 75 Fayoumi fresh fertilized eggs were kept at Poultry Research Institute, Rawalpindi. Experimental solutions were injected to the eggs of four groups at forty-eight hours of incubation and the effect on the growth was recorded and compared with the control group. The control and experimental groups were observed to assess the effects of Nicotine and the role of antioxidant green tea Camellia sinensis on the survival rate and growth of chick embryo’s femur. Results: The control group (group-1) showed 100% survival rate of embryos. The experimental group-2 showed survival rate of 100% embryos and the group-3 and group-4 showed survival rate 50% and 70% of embryos, respectively. Conclusion: It was concluded that green tea decreases the oxidative stress caused by the Nicotine.

scholarly journals Minimum inhibitory concentration of cocoa pod husk extract in Enterococcus faecalis extracellular polymeric substance biofilm thickness

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
Tamara Yuanita ◽  
Latief Mooduto ◽  
Reinold Christian Lina ◽  
Fajar Agus Muttaqin ◽  
Ika Tangdan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Biofilm Thickness ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Cocoa Pod Husk ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Group 1

Background: Root canal treatment constitutes a treatment sequence for infected pulp to eliminate the etiological factors of pulp necrosis and periapical lesion. Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) is an organism commonly found in a high proportion of root canal failure because of its ability to form biofilm. Degradation of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) by oxidizing agents such as sodium hypochlorite is the first step in removing biofilm. However, the toxicity of sodium hypochlorite constitutes the main concern and, therefore, the safest alternative irrigants possible are required. The use of fruits, herbs and plants is widespread, especially in the fields of medicine and dentistry. Food crops are known to be rich in bioactive compounds, especially polyphenols, which have antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Cocoa pod husk extract can, therefore, represent an alternative irrigant. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of cocoa pod husk extract in relation to the thickness of E. faecalis EPS biofilm. Methods: Four groups of E. faecalis cultured biofilm samples were analysed: group one contained E. faecalis without cocoa pod husk as a positive control; group two contained E. faecalis with 1.56% cocoa pod husk extract; group 3 contained E. faecalis with 3.125% cocoa pod husk extract; and group 4 contained E. faecalis with 6.25% cocoa pod husk extract. The biofilm thickness of all groups was measured by confocal laser scanning microscopy with statistical analysis subsequently undertaken by means of a post hoc test and Tukey HSD. Results: The average values of EPS biofilm thickness were as follows: group 1: 9500 nm; group 2: 8125 nm; group 3: 8000 nm; and group 4: 6375 nm. A post hoc Tukey HSD test indicated a significant difference between group 1 and group 4, while in group 2 and group 3 compared to group 1, there were no significant differences with the values of each being p = 0.340 and p = 0.267 (p>0.05). Conclusion: 6.25% cocoa pod husk extract reduces E. faecalis EPS biofilm thickness.

scholarly journals Variations of gelatin percentages in HA-TCP scaffolds as the result of 6- and 12-hour sintering processes of blood cockle (Anadara granosa) shells against porosity

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Desak Putu Sudarmi Ari ◽  
Firda Dean Yonatasya ◽  
Gita Saftiarini ◽  
Widyasri Prananingrum
Keyword(s):  
Porous Scaffold ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Liquid Displacement ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Blood Cockle ◽  
Anadara Granosa ◽  
Sintering Processes

Background: Porous scaffold is one type of biomaterial primarily employed as a bone substitute material which demonstrates superior osteoconductive and osteointegrative properties than solid scaffold since it can stimulate and accelerate the growth of new tissue. For the purposes of this study, porous scaffold was produced using hydroxyapatite-tricalcium phosphate (HA-TCP) powder derived from a synthesis of blood cockle (Anadara granosa) shells and gelatin. Purpose: The aim of this study was to reveal the effects of the percentage of gelatin in HA-TCP scaffolds derived from 6- and 12-hours sintering processes involving blood cockle shells on porosity. Methods: HA-TCP powder was derived from a synthesis of Anadara granosa shells using a hydrothermal method at 200oC with sintering periods of 6 and 12 hours. A XRD test was subsequently conducted to reveal the compositions of HA-TCP powder. The 24 scaffold samples (n=6) employed were manufactured using a freeze dry method before being divided into four groups, namely; Group 1 using 25% HA-TCP powder (a six-hour sintering process) combined with 20% gelatin, Group 2 using 25% HA-TCP powder (a six-hour sintering process) combined with 10% gelatin, Group 3 using 25% HA-TCP powder (a twelve-hour sintering process) combined with 20% gelatin; and Group 4 using 25% HA-TCP powder (a twelve-hour sintering process) combined with 10% gelatin. A scaffold porosity test was subsequently carried out using a liquid displacement method. A one-way ANOVA test was performed using SPSS, followed by a Post-Hoc LSD (p<0.05). Results: The statistical results for scaffold porosity were within the range of 67.21 -77.51%. The highest porosity was found in Group 3, while the lowest was in Group 4. Significant differences were also present in all groups. Conclusion: Variations in the percentage of gelatin can affect the porosity of HA-TCP scaffolds derived from 6-and 12 hours sintrering processes blood cockle shells. The smaller the percentage of gelatin, the higher the porosity.

Effect Of Bangun-Bangun Leaves Ethanol Extract On Lipid Profile Ovariectomized Female Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-65
Author(s):  
Suharyanisa ◽  
Poppy Anjelisa Zaitun Hasibuan ◽  
Pandapotan Nasution
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Estrogenic Activity ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Post Hoc

Menopause was a condition of the body when ovaries stopped producing ovum; ovum is the main producer of estrogen hormone. Menopause can increasing lipid profile in blood; it causes any problems in the cardiovascular system. People of North Sumatra have long used Bangun-Bangun leaves as a breastfeeding agent; it contains flavonoid bioactive compounds, which are be expected to replace lost estrogen hormone. This study determined the estrogenic activity of Bangun-Bangun leaves ethanol extract (BBLEE) on lipid levels of ovariectomized female rats as a menopausal model. BBLEE has obtained by maceration techniques with 96% ethanol and extract used on 24 ovariectomized rats which were divided into 6 groups. Group 1 (normal), group 2 (positive) was treated by estradiol at dose of 0.18 mg/kg BW, group 3 (negative) was treated by 0.5% Na-CMC and group 4, 5, 6 were treated by BBLEE at dose of 30, 60, 90 mg/kg BW given orally for 14 days. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and Post Hoc Tukey HSD test. The result showed that effective dose of BBLEE was 90 mg/kg BW which improved lipid profile (TC = 55.75±0.47; TG = 63.00±0.40; HDL = 37.00±0.81; LDL = 30.50±0.86) in blood of ovariectomized female rats as a menopausal model. BBLEE at the dose of 90 mg/kg BW can ameliorate the lipid profile in the blood of ovariectomized female rats as a menopausal model.

Morphological Changes in the Rat Granulosa Cell Surface During Differentiation Induced by Estradiol and Gonadotropins

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 484-485
Author(s):  
P. Bagavandoss ◽  
JoAnne S. Richards ◽  
A. Rees Midgley
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Granulosa Cell ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2

During follicular development in the mammalian ovary, several functional changes occur in the granulosa cells in response to steroid hormones and gonadotropins (1,2). In particular, marked changes in the content of membrane-associated receptors for the gonadotropins have been observed (1).We report here scanning electron microscope observations of morphological changes that occur on the granulosa cell surface in response to the administration of estradiol, human follicle stimulating hormone (hFSH), and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).Immature female rats that were hypophysectcmized on day 24 of age were treated in the following manner. Group 1: control groups were injected once a day with 0.1 ml phosphate buffered saline (PBS) for 3 days; group 2: estradiol (1.5 mg/0.2 ml propylene glycol) once a day for 3 days; group 3: estradiol for 3 days followed by 2 days of hFSH (1 μg/0.1 ml) twice daily, group 4: same as in group 3; group 5: same as in group 3 with a final injection of hCG (5 IU/0.1 ml) on the fifth day.

Correlation of γ-radioactivity and Scanning Electron Microscopy in measurement of retention of 111Indium-labeled canine endothelial cells on synthetic vascular grafts

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 886-887
Author(s):  
E.J. Prendiville ◽  
S. Laliberté Verdon ◽  
K. E. Gould ◽  
K. Ramberg ◽  
R. J. Connolly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Vascular Grafts ◽  
Retention Data ◽  
Vascular Prostheses ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Human Fibronectin ◽  
Insufficient Time ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

Endothelial cell (EC) seeding is postulated as a mechanism of improving patency in small caliber vascular grafts. However the majority of seeded EC are lost within 24 hours of restoration of blood flow in previous canine studies . We postulate that the cells have insufficient time to fully develop their attachment to the graft surface prior to exposure to hemodynamic stress. We allowed EC to incubate on fibronectin-coated ePTFE grafts for four different time periods after seeding and measured EC retention after perfusion in a canine ex vivo shunt circuit.Autologous canine EC, were enzymatically harvested, grown to confluence, and labeled with 30 μCi 111 Indium-oxine/80 cm 2 flask. Four groups of 5 cm x 4 mm ID ePTFE vascular prostheses were coated with 1.5 μg/cm.2 human fibronectin, and seeded with 1.5 x 105 EC/ cm.2. After seeding grafts in Group 1 were incubated in complete growth medium for 90 minutes, Group 2 were incubated for 24 hours, Group 3 for 72 hours and Group 4 for 6 days. Grafts were then placed in the canine ex vivo circuit, constructed between femoral artery and vein, and subjected to blood flow of 75 ml per minute for 6 hours. Continuous counting of γ-activity was made possible by placing the seeded graft inside the γ-counter detection crystal for the duration of perfusion. EC retention data after 30 minutes, 2 hours and 6 hours of flow are shown in the table.

In-vivo evaluation of the effect of cyanoacrylate on prosthetic vascular graft infection – does cyanoacrylate increase the severity of infection?

VASA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-284
Author(s):  
Atıf Yolgosteren ◽  
Gencehan Kumtepe ◽  
Melda Payaslioglu ◽  
Cuneyt Ozakin
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Graft ◽  
Graft Infection ◽  
Vascular Graft Infection ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Prosthetic Vascular Graft Infection ◽  
Group 1

Summary. Background: Prosthetic vascular graft infection (PVGI) is a complication with high mortality. Cyanoacrylate (CA) is an adhesive which has been used in a number of surgical procedures. In this in-vivo study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between PVGI and CA. Materials and methods: Thirty-two rats were equally divided into four groups. Pouch was formed on back of rats until deep fascia. In group 1, vascular graft with polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) was placed into pouch. In group 2, MRSA strain with a density of 1 ml 0.5 MacFarland was injected into pouch. In group 3, 1 cm 2 vascular graft with PET piece was placed into pouch and MRSA strain with a density of 1 ml 0.5 MacFarland was injected. In group 4, 1 cm 2 vascular graft with PET piece impregnated with N-butyl cyanoacrylate-based adhesive was placed and MRSA strain with a density of 1 ml 0.5 MacFarland was injected. All rats were scarified in 96th hour, culture samples were taken where intervention was performed and were evaluated microbiologically. Bacteria reproducing in each group were numerically evaluated based on colony-forming unit (CFU/ml) and compared by taking their average. Results: MRSA reproduction of 0 CFU/ml in group 1, of 1410 CFU/ml in group 2, of 180 200 CFU/ml in group 3 and of 625 300 CFU/ml in group 4 was present. A statistically significant difference was present between group 1 and group 4 (p < 0.01), between group 2 and group 4 (p < 0.01), between group 3 and group 4 (p < 0.05). In terms of reproduction, no statistically significant difference was found in group 1, group 2, group 3 in themselves. Conclusions: We observed that the rate of infection increased in the cyanoacyrylate group where cyanoacrylate was used. We think that surgeon should be more careful in using CA in vascular surgery.

Defensive activity of Hesperidin against Ciprofloxacin induced hepatic injury in rabbits.

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hawraa M. Murad ◽  
Tamadhur Hani Hussein ◽  
Audai Sulaiman Khudhair ◽  
Manal Muhi Murad ◽  
Jawad Kadhim Faris
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Local Breed ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Defensive Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Effects

This study was conducted to find out hepatoprotective activity of hesperidin (HES) 100mg/kg body weight (b.w.) against ciprofloxacin (CPX) 100 mg/kg induced hepatotoxicity in local breed rabbits .CPX is a broad spectrum antibiotic used for treatment of many bacterial infections. Twenty four male rabbits were divided into four groups ,group1: control, (1 ml/kg Saline orally) group 2: CPX (100 mg/kg orally) for (14) consecutive days , group 3: HES (100 mg//kg) orally for (14) consecutive days group 4: CPX (100 mg/kg orally) plus HES (100 mg//kg orally ) for (14) consecutive days. All the rabbits were killed on the (15) day of the experiment, and then the blood, and livers samples were taken. CPX induced hepatotoxicity was proved by a significant (p less than 0.01) reduction in the body weight ,and a significant (p less than 0.01) increased serum aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) , Malonaldehyde enzyme (MAD) and histopathological changes. Protective hepatic toxicity effect and oxidative damage caused by CPX significantly (p less than 0.01) increasing in body weight and significantly (p less than 0.01) decreasing AST , ALT, MAD and improving tissue morphology in HES (100 mg//kg) . These results assure that HES (100 mg//kg) antioxidant effects can protect CPX-induced hepatotoxicity in rabbits.

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