scholarly journals Epidemiology and types of oral cancer

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajeh M. Al-Sharif ◽  
Dalia Y. Batwa ◽  
Turki N. Alotaibi ◽  
Naif M. Alwadai ◽  
Abdullah H. Alsharif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Common Condition ◽  
Squamous Cells ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Immunocompromised State

Oral cancer is a subset of head and neck cancer and usually refers to different neoplastic conditions that impact any tissue within the oral cavity. Evidence shows that these malignancies are associated with different complications over the affected patients. The present literature review will discuss the epidemiology and types of oral cancer based on evidence from relevant studies within the literature. Estimates show that oral cancer is a common condition with high prevalence rates globally. However, we have identified several factors across the different relevant investigations, including smoking, alcohol intake, age, socioeconomic status, immunocompromised state, and genetics. This might explain the inconsistent findings regarding the prevalence and mortality rates of the conditions among worldwide studies. Moreover, squamous cells carcinoma is the commonest type of oral cancer. However, other types might also be identified as adenocarcinoma, sarcoma, melanoma, and lymphoma. These lesions can also be found at different places within the mouth cavity, including lips, tongue, and salivary glands. Therefore, healthcare authorities should plan adequate interventional strategies targeting the risk factors to properly control the disease and reduce its burden.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and Risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii among ‎children in Al-Qadisiyah Province – Iraq.‎

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
Musafer Al-Ardi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Animal Contact

 Background: Toxoplasmosis is a disease associated with the nature of the population, domestic quality and general health culture. Toxoplasma gondii causes many healthy and psychological problems with the possibility of transmission from the mother to her fetus. The primary objective of this study is to establish a database of infection rates among the governorate's children, with the absence of a database of the parasite prevalence rate among children. Materials and method: Four hundred sixty-three serum samples from children 13 old and under  were collected during the period from 6 Jan. 2019 to 12 Dec. 2019, all of which were examined by ELISA test to detect immunoglobulin IgM and IgG. All results were analyzed by SPSS 20.  Results: The current study referred to high prevalence rates of T. gondii (23.3%), where the ratios of IgM and IgG were (4.1% and 17.9%) respectively. Compared with the present rates of immunoglobulin with gender, age, environment and animal contact. Conclusion:  Our current study registered high prevalence rates among children in Al-Qadisiyah governorate, this result represents a database of researchers and workers of health. It's the first study concerning the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in children in Al-Qadisiyah Province. 

scholarly journals Variations in pain prevalence, severity, and analgesic use by duration of survivorship: a cross-sectional study of 505 post-treatment head and neck cancer survivors

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny L. Ren ◽  
Raniv D. Rojo ◽  
Joy Vanessa D. Perez ◽  
Sai-Ching J. Yeung ◽  
Ehab Y. Hanna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Severe Pain ◽  
Pain Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Of Pain ◽  
Analgesic Use

Abstract Background Studies suggest a high prevalence of pain in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients at diagnosis, during and after treatment; however, these studies had small sample sizes and did not comprehensively assess factors known to influence pain. We surveyed a large cohort of HNC survivors to determine variations in the prevalence of pain, its treatment and management by duration of survivorship, and assessed a comprehensive list of risk factors. Methods A cross sectional survey of post-treatment survivors of HNC during routine follow-up clinic visits. Results A total of 505 HNC survivors with a median follow up of 3 years from cancer diagnosis were included in the study. Overall, 45% (n = 224) reported pain and 14.5, 22 and 7% reported use of prescribed pain medication, over-the-counter pain medication and alternative pain therapies, respectively. Prevalence of severe pain was 7.3% and did not vary significantly by years of survivorship (< 1 year = 5.7%; 1 to < 3 years = 7.1%; 3 to < 8 years = 7.6%; 8 years or more =9.7%; P = 0.392). However, use of prescribed pain medication significantly varied by years of survivorship (< 1 year = 45.7%; 1 to < 3 years = 24.6%; 3 to < 8 years = 18.9; 8 years or more = 18.3%; p < 0.001). Of note, a significant proportion of survivors reported moderate to severe pain (moderate to severe = 55.7% versus none to mild = 44.3%) despite step 3 analgesic use (p < 0.001). Multivariable regression shows that recurrent disease (OR 6.77, 95% CI [1.44, 31.80]), history of chemotherapy (OR 6.00, 95% CI [2.10, 17.14]), and depression (Mild-moderate OR 5.30, 95% CI [2.20, 12.78]; Major OR 8.00, 95% CI [2.67, 23.96]) were significant risk factors for severe pain. Conclusions We identified a high prevalence of pain among HNC survivors and determined that analgesic use varied by the duration of survivorship. Therefore, routine surveillance for pain must be consistent throughout the course of survivorship.

scholarly journals Metabolic syndrome in patients attending psychiatric day centres: prevalence and associations

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 326-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Gubbins ◽  
John Lally ◽  
Colm McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Community Psychiatric ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Intensively Managed

Aims and methodTo ascertain the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in individuals with chronic enduring mental illness attending community psychiatric day centres, and to identify the prevalence of individual cardiometabolic risk factors and the rate of screening for these abnormalities. One hundred participants with chronic enduring mental illness were recruited and investigated using physical assessments and comprehensive laboratory testing.ResultsOf the 100 participants recruited, 55% met the criteria for metabolic syndrome. There were similar prevalence rates between those with psychotic and non-psychotic disorders. Forty-four per cent of the patients had not been screened for metabolic parameters in the previous 12 months, and 43% of these met criteria for metabolic syndrome.Clinical implicationsChronic enduring mental illness is associated with high prevalence rates of metabolic syndrome regardless of diagnosis or use of antipsychotic medication. A substantial proportion of this standard cohort of patients attending day centres carry cardiovascular risk factors that remain unidentified, but should be screened for and intensively managed.

scholarly journals Community Awareness - A Key to the Early Detection of Head and Neck Cancer

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Ajay Manickam ◽  
Jayanta Saha ◽  
Debangshu Ghosh ◽  
Shaswati Sengupta ◽  
Debabrata Biswas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Time Delay ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Community Awareness

INTRODUCTION Mortality and morbidity associated with head and neck cancers have decreased to a great extent in many developed countries of the world due to early diagnosis and treatment with advances in surgical techniques and better availability of radiotherapist and oncologists. But the situation in developing countries like India is quite different. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES This study was conducted amongst the patients attending the Otolaryngology department of a teaching hospital in Kolkata to find the incidence of various types and sites of head and neck cancer, to assess time delay from the date of onset of symptom to the final disease confirmation in relation to patients’ demographic profile, to assess time delay in histopathological diagnosis after reaching a tertiary care setup and also to correlate tobacco consumption and alcohol intake as risk factors for head and neck cancer and to note the reasons for late presentation, as described by the patient. MATERIALS AND METHODS The descriptive study was conducted at a tertiary level teaching hospital, in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology for a period from August 2013 to August 2015 with a study population of 133.  OBSERVATIONS  An average time lag from the onset of symptom to final diagnosis as malignancy was found to be 6 months to one year in nearly 72% of cases. Most of the patients were uneducated males of more than 50 years of age, hailing from rural areas. Cancer larynx was found to be the commonest of all head and neck cancers (31.6%). More than 65% of the patients were addicted to tobacco chewing or smoking or consumption of alcohol.  DISCUSSION  Poverty, lack of education, poor communication, lack of health care infrastructure in rural areas, community awareness about various risk factors, lack of effective health policy to achieve early diagnosis of head neck cancer were common factors related to delay in diagnosis.  CONCLUSION  Tobacco use and alcohol intake are the modifiable risk factors of head and neck cancer. Educating the field workers about the danger signs of head and neck cancer may promote early referral of the suspected cases to tertiary health care setup for early detection of cancer. 

scholarly journals Predictors for oral cancer in Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 325-329
Author(s):  
Isabella Lima Arrais RIBEIRO ◽  
Johnys Berton Medeiros da NÓBREGA ◽  
Ana Maria Gondim VALENÇA ◽  
Ricardo Dias de CASTRO
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
History Of ◽  
Diagnosis Of Cancer

Abstract Introduction The incidence of lip, oral cavity and oropharynx cancer in Brazil is one of the highest worldwide. Objective This study aimed to identify predictors for oral cancer in Brazil between 2010 and 2013. Method Through a time series study in which 14,959 primary head and neck cancer diagnoses were evaluated. The variables of interest were gender, age, race, education level, family history of cancer, alcohol consumption, smoking, and previous cancer diagnosis. The outcome variable was divided into “oral cancer” and “cancer of other head and neck regions.” The data were analysed by multiple binary logistic regression; α=5%. Result The protective factor was: approximately 12 years of education (OR = 0.85). The risk factors were: being an ex-consumer (OR=1.19) or consumer (OR=1.11) of alcohol, tobacco use (OR=1.35) and a prior diagnosis of cancer that went untreated (OR=1.21). Conclusion Was concluded that the oral cancer had the following predictors compared to other types of head and neck cancer during the same period: approximately 12 years of education (protective factor) and ex-consumer or consumer of alcohol, smoking and previous diagnosis of cancer that went untreated (risk factors).

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE OF ORTHODONTISTS AND CHILDREN DENTISTS OF POLTAVA-CITY ON THE OPTIMIZATION OF ORTHODONTIC AIDS FOR CHILDREN

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 1033-1037
Author(s):  
Natalia A. Lyakhova ◽  
Alevtyna М. Bilous ◽  
Оleg М. Nesterenko ◽  
Tetiana V. Pluzhnikova ◽  
Oksana I. Krasnova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Dental Care ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Dental Hygienists ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Subject

Introduction: In the course of the study, we identified high prevalence rates of orthodontic pathology and identified organizational aspects regarding the provision of orthodontic care for children, and identified the need for their optimization. The aim: The purpose of the study was to analyze the results of the questionnaire of orthodontists and children’s dentists, who provide dental care to the children of the Poltava region, about the importance of optimization of orthodontic care for children and improving the knowledge of doctors about the risk factors for the onset of orthodontic pathology. Materials and methods: Methods: Sociological (questionnaire), medical-statistical, bibliosemantic. We analyze 39 questionnaires, which filled out by orthodontists and children’s dentists who provide dental care to children of the Poltava region. Results: A questionnaire was conducted for 39 children’s dentists of different specialties, and the subject for study of which was the knowledge of doctors about the risk factors for the occurrence of orthodontic pathology; the opinion of specialists on optimization of the system of prevention, dyspanserization, screening and sanitary-education work. The results of the questionnaire were processed with using of statistical methods and analyzed. Conclusions: 1. Most doctors consider the most important influencing risk factors that relate to behavioral, informational and medical-demographic, that is, those that are managed. 2. Most doctors determine the existing system of orthodontic care as ineffective, recognize the effectiveness of a joint prevention, dispensary and screening program; consider it advisable to create a single electronic medical card for the child from birth; the level of awareness of the population is low; it is expedient to involve in the preventive and sanitary-educational work of dental hygienists to reduce the burden on doctors. 3. In the training of students and interns in the specialty “Dentistry”, more attention should be paid to the study of the risk factors of the occurrence of orthodontic pathology and the importance of primary prevention and dyspansery control to reduce its level.

scholarly journals Human Papillomavirus infection in oral and anogenital sites: prevalence and rates of concordance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thaissa Isaias Cordeiro ◽  
Katia Cristina da Silva ◽  
Willker Menezes da Rocha ◽  
Daniele Ceperuelo Lisboa ◽  
Mauro Romero Leal Passos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Hpv Dna ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Use ◽  
Papillomavirus Infection ◽  
High Prevalence

Introduction: HPV infection causes cancer at several anatomical sites. However, the infection’s natural history in non-cervical sites is understudied. Objective: To evaluate oral and anogenital HPV infections, correlating HPV prevalence rates and genotypes with site of infection and risk factors. Methods: In the present study, 351 samples from oral, genital, and anal sites of 117 patients were investigated by using PCR MY09/11 detection, followed by genotyping with RFLP. Results: HPV DNA prevalence was 89.7% (105/117) in genital lesions, 53.8% (63/117) in oral samples, and 58.9% (69/117) in anal samples. Regarding the risk factors associated with HPV in genital lesions, statistically significant rates for oral (p=0.039) and anal sex practices (p=0.0000012) were found. For oral samples, a relevant correlation concerning oral contraceptive use (p=0.039), tobacco smoking (p=0.036), and alcohol use (p=0.0075) were observed; whereas in anal samples, higher risk for HPV infection in patients who reported non-exclusive sexual partners (p=0.013) were found. The presence of viral DNA in all the three sites concurrently was observed in 36.8% of the cases (43/117). Among them, 18% (21/117) presented concordant HPV genotypes, diverging from the literature, and thus corroborating that there is still much to learn about HPV natural history, since different biological behaviors are expected within different populations. Differences in anatomy and physiology of the studied sites can determine different prevalence rates of infection by diverse genotypes. Conclusion: Due to the high prevalence of HPV DNA in extragenital sites, further studies are required to define aspects of HPV natural history among different human anatomical sites.

Critical Review on Suicide Among Nurses

Crisis ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Alderson ◽  
Xavier Parent-Rocheleau ◽  
Brian Mishara
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Work Settings ◽  
Work Related ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Full Text Review ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Psychiatric Problems

Background: Research shows that there is a high prevalence of suicide among nurses. Despite this, it has been 15 years since the last literature review on the subject was published. Aim: The aim of this article is to review the knowledge currently available on the risk of suicide among nurses and on contributory risk factors. Method: A search was conducted in electronic databases using keywords related to prevalence and risk factors of suicide among nurses. The abstracts were analyzed by reviewers according to selection criteria. Selected articles were submitted to a full-text review and their key elements were summarized. Results: Only nine articles were eligible for inclusion in this review. The results of this literature review highlight both the troubling high prevalence of suicide among nurses as well as the persistent lack of studies that examine this issue. Conclusion: Considering that the effects of several factors related to nurses' work and work settings are associated with high stress, distress, or psychiatric problems, we highlight the relevance of investigating work-related factors associated with nurses' risk of suicide. Several avenues for future studies are discussed as well as possible research methods.

Haematocrit: Relationships with Blood Lipids, Blood Pressure and other Cardiovascular Risk Factors

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (01) ◽  
pp. 058-064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goya Wannamethee ◽  
A Gerald Shaper
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryThe relationship between haematocrit and cardiovascular risk factors, particularly blood pressure and blood lipids, has been examined in detail in a large prospective study of 7735 middle-aged men drawn from general practices in 24 British towns. The analyses are restricted to the 5494 men free of any evidence of ischaemic heart disease at screening.Smoking, body mass index, physical activity, alcohol intake and lung function (FEV1) were factors strongly associated with haematocrit levels independent of each other. Age showed a significant but small independent association with haematocrit. Non-manual workers had slightly higher haematocrit levels than manual workers; this difference increased considerably and became significant after adjustment for the other risk factors. Diabetics showed significantly lower levels of haematocrit than non-diabetics. In the univariate analysis, haematocrit was significantly associated with total serum protein (r = 0*18), cholesterol (r = 0.16), triglyceride (r = 0.15), diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.17) and heart rate (r = 0.14); all at p <0.0001. A weaker but significant association was seen with systolic blood pressure (r = 0.09, p <0.001). These relationships remained significant even after adjustment for age, smoking, body mass index, physical activity, alcohol intake, lung function, presence of diabetes, social class and for each of the other biological variables; the relationship with systolic blood pressure was considerably weakened. No association was seen with blood glucose and HDL-cholesterol. This study has shown significant associations between several lifestyle characteristics and the haematocrit and supports the findings of a significant relationship between the haematocrit and blood lipids and blood pressure. It emphasises the role of the haematocrit in assessing the risk of ischaemic heart disease and stroke in individuals, and the need to take haematocrit levels into account in determining the importance of other cardiovascular risk factors.

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