Retrospective Analysis of the Emergency Risk Management Theory

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
P.A. Dokukin ◽  
S.G. Kharchenko
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
Management Theory ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
History Of ◽  
Emergency Risk Management

A retrospective analysis of the emergency risk management theory is presented. A brief history of the origin of the main emergency risk management theory terms and concepts is presented in the article. The events that required theoretical comprehension of emergency situations, their legislative regulation and the need to search for new solutions are investigated. Special attention is paid to the evolution of the Seveso Directive of the European Union. The author analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the "absolute security" concept, justifies the inevitability of the transition to the "acceptable risk" concept. The quantitative measure of taking 10-6 per year as the maximum acceptable (or maximum permissible) individual risk and 10-8 per year as a negligible risk is justified.

scholarly journals INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS BETWEEN THE COUNTRIES OF THE LUBLIN TRIANGLE – A NEW FORMAT OF COOPERATION THROUGH THE PRISM OF THE HISTORICAL PAST

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetiana Aleksieieva ◽  
Kateryna Honcharuk
Keyword(s):  
Political Life ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Eastern Partnership Countries ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Security Operations ◽  
International Peacekeeping

The article examines the historical origins and further cooperation of the Lublin Triangle countries - Ukraine, Poland and Lithuania – Central and Eastern Europe, the history of which reflects the development of this region in the east of this part of the world. Combined by geographical proximity, foreign policy threats and a common socio-cultural tradition, they have a complex history of development and coexistence. The agreements made during a certain period of time are analyzed, conclusions are made. Opportunities have been identified for strengthening cooperation between the OSCE, the European Union, the Council of Europe, NATO and the Eastern Partnership countries. The possibility of joining the Republic of Belarus to a new format of relations and turning the triangle into a square for further joint cooperation in the direction of expanding opportunities in the field of energy, defense, cultural and social spheres was considered. The youth initiative on creation of a platform for interaction of youth of Ukraine with youth of Lithuania and Poland for the purpose of expansion of cultural, social and educational communications and an exchange of experience for creation of joint projects is considered. The future development of states and interstate initiatives depends on the active work of young people, the creation of the youth wing of the Lublin Triangle is a logical continuation of the interstate initiative, which will not only ensure youth participation in social and political life, but also positively affect Ukrainian-Polish-Lithuanian relations. thanks to youth diplomacy, will promote the development of European integration processes in Ukraine. An important initiative within the Lublin Triangle was the creation of a Lithuanian-Polish-Ukrainian brigade – LitPolUkrBrig, which provides for international peacekeeping and security operations under the auspices of the UN, EU, NATO and other international security organizations. Conclusions are made on the advantages and disadvantages of countries' participation in the new format of relations between the countries of the Lublin Triangle.

scholarly journals Space weather and risk management

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 23-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Lappalainen ◽  
K. Kauristie ◽  
R. Pirjola
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Space Weather ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
Research Area ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Near Earth Space ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The term space weather is used for the solar driven variability in particle and electromagnetic conditions of the near-Earth space that may harm the performance of ground-based and space-borne technology. The European Union (EU) and the European Space Agency (ESA) have started a common programme called the Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES). Many of the GMES operational services will rely on technology prone to space weather phenomena. For long-term environmental monitoring this is not a problem, but for applications of risk management in emergency situations the impact of space weather should be considered and evaluated. In this paper, we discuss how ESA's previous activity together with European national initiatives in the space weather area can be used to support GMES and how EU could participate in this work in its Framework Programmes and within the European Research Area (ERA).

Digital innovation: Using chatbots in the economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 2252-2271
Author(s):  
Ekaterina N. STRIZHAKOVA ◽  
Dmitrii V. STRIZHAKOV
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Digital Marketing ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Digital Innovation ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Business Ecosystems ◽  
History Of ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Further Development

Subject. The article considers the use of chatbots in company activities. Objectives. We perform a retrospective analysis of the development of virtual assistants, determining the areas, in which chatbots can become an effective tool in business. Methods. The study draws on general scientific research methods. Results. We investigate the development of the phenomenon of chatbots, show the history of the most significant virtual assistants, highlight their features, advantages and disadvantages. We also present types of activities, in which companies actively use chatbots, analyze the key results from the use of this tool by enterprises and organizations, evaluate prospects for further development of the technology, establish that the use of advantages of digital marketing enables companies to become customer-oriented, personalize offers for customers and reduce costs. Conclusions. The use of chatbots makes it possible to increase the competitiveness of the company and become the first step towards the introduction of more advanced digital marketing tools. The practical application of this study we see in the use of information in the development and implementation of chatbots in the business ecosystems of enterprises and organizations, which will avoid costs and significantly reduce the likelihood of errors.

Astronomical Roots of Risk Management Measures

2018 ◽  
pp. 99-115
Author(s):  
Colin Read
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Street Lighting ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Games Of Chance ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Variance ◽  
Variance Approach

The mean-variance approach has remained the de facto method to characterize risk ever since Markowitz' development of Modern Portfolio Theory. This mean-variance underpinning goes back much further, though, to an era before modern street lighting when humankind held a fascination with the cosmos and the movement of the planets. At the same time, physicists and mathematicians were employed to allow gamblers to improve their odds in games of chance. The techniques are now applied to the more down-to-earth challenges of the characterization of risk and optimization of reward. I describe the work of the pioneers who collective gave us the mean-variance tool. This retrospective analysis of the history of risk and financial markets arose from the collective innovations of Daniel Bernoulli, Carl Friedrich Gauss, Louis Bachelier, Jacob Marschak, Harry Markowitz, William Sharpe, Paul Samuelson, and Fischer Black and Myron Scholes. Their contributions helped establish our understanding of the science of risk management.

scholarly journals Monitoring and Forecasting of Emergency Situations as Component Part of the Emergency Risk Management Framework

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 8-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. Faleev ◽  
S. V. Gorbunov
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Component Part ◽  
Implementation Framework ◽  
Management Framework ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Risk Management Framework ◽  
Monitoring And Forecasting ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Emergency Risk Management

The article considers the issues of monitoring and forecasting of emergency situations in the implementation framework of the Russian Federation State politics in sphere of protection of population and territories from emergency situations. They are determined goals and tasks, highlighted special features and phases, revealed content of every one of enhancement directions of monitoring and forecasting of emergency situations as a component part of the emergency risk management framework.

Measurement of Export Competitiveness of the Baltic States by Composite Index

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jurgita Bruneckiene ◽  
Dovile Paltanaviciene
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
International Competitiveness ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
Improvement Strategy ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Export Competitiveness ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
States Export

Theoretical and practical aspects of the measurement of export competitiveness are analyzed in this article. The relevance and timeliness of analysis of the concept of export competitiveness proves the fact that competition is a very important precondition, which affects the effectiveness of development of national economy under the conditions of globalization. The research of the concept of export competitiveness and the ways of improving competitiveness of national economy are especially relevant for the countries in the period of recovering from the outcomes of economic crisis of 2008 -2009. In the European Union, the worst influence of economics recession was brought on Baltic States – Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia economies. One of the most important factors, which could stimulate the development of national economy, is export. Its development is especially essential for small countries, which are too small to consume all the production made by these countries. Higher export competitiveness could help the country to overcome after-effects of economic recession and stimulate the development of the total national economy. Export is often associated with competitiveness of the country at the international level. While the academic understanding of international competitiveness of the country is still forming, the factors of international competitiveness are still being identified in scientific literature, export competitiveness can be measured in different ways: by analyzing one or several factors of the country's export, creating composite indices, analyzing factors and conditions which stimulate the international trade, etc. As every method has its advantages and disadvantages, the scientists seek to find the most reliable, methodologically justified, understandable, convenient to practical use and objective method, which could be accepted generally and widely used in strategic planning on improving competitiveness of the national export and total national economy. But why the measurement of export competitiveness is so important? The answer to this question is related to the fact, that if competitiveness can not be measured, it can not be improved. As Baltic States and other countries compete directly among each other for the export markets, the identification of the current situations of export competitiveness in comparison with other competitors and its variation in the period of time will provide the information necessary for the government, business and scientist sectors, which are creating, updating, implementing and evaluating efficiency of the export improvement strategy and various means for its stimulation. This article presents the problems related to the increase of export competitiveness in the Baltic States and its measurement. The factors enhancing export development are distinguished, possibilities on application of the basic competitiveness models and methods and their application for measurement of the export competitiveness are analysed. Based on the conducted theoretical analysis, the index of measurement of the Baltic States export competitiveness was established, thus allowing to identify the main factors determining competitiveness of the Baltic States export and quantitative measure the competitiveness of the Baltic States export. The established index is empirically based when assessing competitiveness of the Baltic States export within the period of 2005 – 2010. The article ends by providing strategic proposals regarding increase in export competitiveness of Lithuania. The newly created Baltic States export competitiveness index, presented in the article, is one of the ambitions to promote the methodological background for measurement of export competitiveness and promote establishment of conditions, stimulating national enterprises to export and be competitive within international markets.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ee.23.1.1218

Towards the digital land reclamation

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
Sergey Vasil'ev ◽  
Vyacheslav Schedrin ◽  
Aleksandra Slabunova ◽  
Vladimir Slabunov
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Optimal Management ◽  
Scientific Potential ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Full Cooperation

The aim of the research is a retrospective analysis of the history and stages of development of digital land reclamation in Russia, the definition of «Digital land reclamation» and trends in its further development. In the framework of the retrospective analysis the main stages of melioration formation are determined. To achieve the maximum effect of the «digital reclamation» requires full cooperation of practical experience and scientific potential accumulated throughout the history of the reclamation complex, and the latest achievements of science and technology, which is currently possible only through the full digitalization of reclamation activities. The introduction of «digital reclamation» will achieve greater potential and effect in the modernization of the reclamation industry in the «hightech industry», through the use of innovative developments and optimal management decisions.

The European Charter of Local Self-Government

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Himsworth
Keyword(s):  
Critical Study ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
International Treaty ◽  
Additional Protocol ◽  
Domestic Courts ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Regional Authorities

The first critical study of the 1985 international treaty that guarantees the status of local self-government (local autonomy). Chris Himsworth analyses the text of the 1985 European Charter of Local Self-Government and its Additional Protocol; traces the Charter’s historical emergence; and explains how it has been applied and interpreted, especially in a process of monitoring/treaty enforcement by the Congress of Local and Regional Authorities but also in domestic courts, throughout Europe. Locating the Charter’s own history within the broader recent history of the Council of Europe and the European Union, the book closes with an assessment of the Charter’s future prospects.

European Integration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann P. Arnason
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
History Of ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Totalitarian Regimes ◽  
The Eu

Different understandings of European integration, its background and present problems are represented in this book, but they share an emphasis on historical processes, geopolitical dynamics and regional diversity. The introduction surveys approaches to the question of European continuities and discontinuities, before going on to an overview of chapters. The following three contributions deal with long-term perspectives, including the question of Europe as a civilisational entity, the civilisational crisis of the twentieth century, marked by wars and totalitarian regimes, and a comparison of the European Union with the Habsburg Empire, with particular emphasis on similar crisis symptoms. The next three chapters discuss various aspects and contexts of the present crisis. Reflections on the Brexit controversy throw light on a longer history of intra-Union rivalry, enduring disputes and changing external conditions. An analysis of efforts to strengthen the EU’s legal and constitutional framework, and of resistances to them, highlights the unfinished agenda of integration. A closer look at the much-disputed Islamic presence in Europe suggests that an interdependent radicalization of Islamism and the European extreme right is a major factor in current political developments. Three concluding chapters adopt specific regional perspectives. Central and Eastern European countries, especially Poland, are following a path that leads to conflicts with dominant orientations of the EU, but this also raises questions about Europe’s future. The record of Scandinavian policies in relation to Europe exemplifies more general problems faced by peripheral regions. Finally, growing dissonances and divergences within the EU may strengthen the case for Eurasian perspectives.

Agrarian receipts as a tool for the structural transformation of financial and credit relations in the agrarian business of the region

2019 ◽  
pp. 40-53
Author(s):  
Yuliia Nehoda
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Structural Transformation ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Bank Lending ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
Agricultural Business ◽  
Business Entities

The subject of the research – is a set of organizational-economic relations arising in the process of structural transformation of financial and credit relations in the agricultural business. The purpose of the article is a retrospective analysis of structural transformations of financial and credit relations in the agricultural business, evaluation of the effectiveness and feasibility of the introduction of agricultural receipts as a new instrument of lending to the agricultural business of the regions. Methodology of work – system-structural and comparative analyzes (to determine the effectiveness of the crediting mechanism according to the agricultural receipts of the farmers of the region); monographic (when studying the problems of the functioning of the mechanism of lending to agrarians by agrarian receipts) economic analysis (when carrying out a comparative analysis of the mechanism of classical bank lending to the agrarian business and the mechanism of lending to agrarians according to agrarian receipts); modeling and forecasting (when determining ways to overcome the existing deficiencies in the mechanism of lending to agrarian business entities of the region according to agrarian receipts). The results of the work – a retrospective analysis of the structural transformation of financial and credit relations in the agricultural business was carried out. The mechanism of crediting agrarians according to agrarian receipts and the scale of its distribution in the agrarian business of the region are considered. A comparative analysis of the mechanism of classical bank lending to the agrarian business and the mechanism of lending to agrarians according to agrarian receipts was carried out. In the framework of the pilot project “Agrarian receipts in Ukraine” of the international financial corporation (IFC) in partnership with the Swiss Confederation in Ukraine, the example of the Poltava region defined the effectiveness of the crediting mechanism according to the agrarian receipts of the agrarians of the region. The advantages and disadvantages of the mechanism of crediting the subjects of the agrarian business on agrarian receipts are noted. The ways to overcome the existing shortcomings of the mechanism of crediting the subjects of the agrarian business of the region according to agricultural receipts are determined. Conclusions – according to the results of the conducted research, the effectiveness of the mechanism of lending to the agricultural business of the regions according to agricultural receipts was proved, its advantages and disadvantages were noted, and attention was also focused. Proposed in Art. 7 of Law No. 5479-VI clearly delineate cases and restrictions on the debtor’s reimbursement of expenses incurred by the lender with the acquisition of the right to grow and harvest the pledged crop of agricultural products, which will ensure the principle of equality of parties on economic benefits and distribution of credit risks according to agricultural receipts.

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