scholarly journals Factors Affecting on Couple’s Decisions to Use Surrogacy: A Qualitative Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzaneh Golboni ◽  
Amir Jalali ◽  
Mohammadreza Dinmohammadi ◽  
Ziba Taghizadeh ◽  
Paricher Nouri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Parental Role ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Surrogate Mother ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Data Saturation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Parenting Role

Objective: Our study aimed to clarify of factors affecting decisions to use a surrogate mother can create broad knowledge of this concept. Materials and methods: For This qualitative research, participants were selected through snowball sampling methods out of couples with a history of using surrogacy as an alternative treatment for having a child. As well, sampling continued until data saturation was reached. Finally, 23 persons participated in study (9 couples, 5 related persons). After selecting the participants and obtaining informed consent, in-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted and most of them were recorded with participants’ consent. Then, all the interviews were analyzed using a conventional method. Results: Content analysis of the statements condenced to 311 codes, 13 subcategories and 5 categories including the absence of parental role, perceived norm, hope for parenting role, mental challenge, and decision to use surrogacy were extracted. Conclusion: The results indicated that numerous variables had an effect on decision-making process to use a surrogate mother, but the variable of hope for parenting role was an influential concept that not only interacted with other concepts but also caused optimism and motivation in families to decide in this respect.  

scholarly journals Misconceptions and Unmet Need for Modern Contraception among Cambodian Females: A Mix Methods Study

Sexes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-59
Author(s):  
Farwa Rizvi ◽  
Joanne W. Williams ◽  
Steven J. Bowe ◽  
Elizabeth Hoban
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Modern Contraception ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Data Saturation ◽  
Quality Checks ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Mix Methods

(1) Background: Women using unreliable traditional contraception need to be included in the proportion of women having an ‘unmet need for modern contraception’ instead of the current classification which presumes they have a ‘met need’. (2) Methods: Mix methods research design comprising initial quantitative analyses utilizing data from the nationally representative 2014 Cambodian Demographic and Health Survey (CDHS) for 4823 Cambodian, sexually active females aged 15–29 years. Then a qualitative phase explored knowledge about the menstrual cycle and misconceptions about modern contraception with 30 females aged 15–29 years in urban Cambodia using semi-structured interviews, transcribed verbatim with quality checks. Purposive and snowball sampling strategies were used until data saturation was reached. Inductive thematic data analysis was conducted; (3) Results: Unmet need for modern contraception increased to 25.4% when traditional contraception users were included. The qualitative themes show women have a lack of information about the menstrual cycle and misconceptions about modern contraception which contributed to increased use of traditional contraception; (4) Conclusion: Major drivers of increased unmet need for modern contraception include lack of literacy, misconceptions and low autonomy to choose modern contraception. Cambodia needs to endorse a policy shift to implement targeted, countrywide sexual and reproductive health literacy and family planning services.

scholarly journals Variability in adolescent portal privacy features: how the unique privacy needs of the adolescent patient create a complex decision-making process

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1008-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Sharko ◽  
Lauren Wilcox ◽  
Matthew K Hong ◽  
Jessica S Ancker
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Access ◽  
The United States ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Patient Portals ◽  
Medical Organization ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Types Of Information

Abstract Objective Medical privacy policies, which are clear-cut for adults and young children, become ambiguous during adolescence. Yet medical organizations must establish unambiguous rules about patient and parental access to electronic patient portals. We conducted a national interview study to characterize the diversity in adolescent portal policies across a range of institutions and determine the factors influencing decisions about these policies. Methods Within a sampling framework that ensured diversity of geography and medical organization type, we used purposive and snowball sampling to identify key informants. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and analyzed with inductive thematic analysis, followed by a member check. Results We interviewed informants from 25 medical organizations. Policies established different degrees of adolescent access (from none to partial to complete), access ages (from 10 to 18 years), degrees of parental access, and types of information considered sensitive. Federal and state law did not dominate policy decisions. Other factors in the decision process were: technology capabilities; differing patient population needs; resources; community expectations; balance between information access and privacy; balance between promoting autonomy and promoting family shared decision-making; and tension between teen privacy and parental preferences. Some informants believed that clearer standards would simplify policy-making; others worried that standards could restrict high-quality polices. Conclusions In the absence of universally accepted standards, medical organizations typically undergo an arduous decision-making process to develop teen portal policies, weighing legal, economic, social, clinical, and technological factors. As a result, portal access policies are highly inconsistent across the United States and within individual states.

“I have to be both mother and father”: The impact of Young-onset dementia on the partner’s parenting and the children’s experience

Dementia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 676-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Gelman ◽  
Kate Rhames
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Analysis ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Parental Role ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Family Structures ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Parenting Role ◽  
Young Onset Dementia ◽  
Familial Context ◽  
The Impact

There has been increasing research on the experience and needs of caregivers for persons with YOD, who are mainly spouses. Yet one little-explored area is their evolving parental role. As the person with YOD becomes less able to parent, the partner must take on more and more parental responsibilities. This occurs in much-changed familial context, with children often asked to assume caretaking roles and experiencing strong feelings such as grief, anger, and fear. How do the parents without YOD understand and negotiate their ever-changing parenting role, and how do their children experience it? We conducted in-depth, semi-structured interviews with four parents without YOD (coincidentally all mothers) and eight children ages 16–20 (3–18 when parent was diagnosed) regarding the changing nature of the parental-child relationship. These data were analyzed using thematic narrative analysis, in which respondents' material is closely read as it is gathered and analyzed for patterns. Three primary themes emerged. First, there are significant changes in family structures and role. Mothers increasingly assume all parental responsability. Children assume roles of carers and earners, and at times reluctant decision-making partners. Such responsabilities can feel overwhelming at times. However, the cildren discribed not wanting to burden mother with their feelings and experience, a second prominent theme. Finally, such muting of their experience likely contributes to mothers feeling they are managing the YOD so as to minimize the impact on their children, creating divergent experiences of the YOD on family life. Facilitating family members' articulation of what feel like “inadmissible” feelings, improving familial communication, and developing a range of support and resources are all important areas for intervention.

scholarly journals “To Respond or not to Respond, that is the Question”: The Decision-Making Process of Providing Social Support to Distressed Posters on Facebook

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 205630511875929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamara F. Chang ◽  
Janis Whitlock ◽  
Natalya N. Bazarova
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Peer Networks ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Relationship Closeness ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Relational Closeness ◽  
History Of

The aim of this study is to understand whether, why, and under what conditions young adults respond to distressed posts on social networking sites (SNSs). Semi-structured interviews with 27 participants revealed a wide range of salient factors that influenced participants’ likelihood of responding to distressed posts. By identifying the factors and mapping the conditions under which they are operational, we posit a conceptual framework useful in understanding key features of the decision-making process participants use to decide whether and how to respond to distressed SNS posts. Results suggest that relationship closeness is the first and most significant determinant of likelihood to respond. When relational closeness was high, the responses were likely to be direct and immediate. In the absence of relational closeness between respondent and poster, likelihood of responding depended on (1) perceived acuity and seriousness of content, (2) consistency in posting patterns, (3) perceived capacity to provide efficacious support, (4) history of reciprocity, (5) perceived resonance with poster or posted content, (6) perceived motivations of the poster, and (7) perceptions of other viewers. The findings have implications for understanding social support interactions and bystander interventions in peer networks on SNSs.

scholarly journals An examination of curriculum evaluation in elementary schools with regard to teachers' views

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 01-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Memet Karakuş ◽  
Fadime Mengi Us
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Curriculum Evaluation ◽  
Elementary Level ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Evaluation Approach ◽  
Evaluation Approaches

The evaluation of curriculum is significant in terms of curriculum's working and being developed effectively. There are a lot of curriculum evaluation approaches. Recently, one of the most widely accepted paradigms in the field of curriculum evaluation is the opinion that the participants of curriculum are vital for curriculum evaluation. In this study, the views of teachers, who are among the important participants of the curriculum, related to the evaluation of present curriculum and how the evaluation should be carried out were analyzed. In this regard, the aim of this research is analyzing the curriculum evaluation at elementary level in relation with teachers' views. The research being a descriptive study regarding defining a case, is designed according to qualitative method. Accordingly, semi-structured interviews were conducted with determined 11 teachers using critical case sampling and snowball sampling methods. The data was analyzed with descriptive analysis method and presented being supported by direct quotations. As a result of research, it is observed that teachers find the curriculum evaluation activities in our country insufficient. In parallel with the results, the use of Participant-Oriented Evaluation Approach widely in elementary curricula is recommended.

scholarly journals Educational emigration of Iranian and Tajik students to Russia: a comparative analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 416-429
Author(s):  
Tamara K. Rostovskaya ◽  
Mehdi Afzali
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Students ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Educational Services ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Academic Mobility ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
Russian Education

Academic mobility of students is a complex phenomenon that plays an important role in the process of socio-economic and cultural development of receiving and sending countries. With the beginning of the globalization process, the movement of scientists, professors, students, etc. has become easier, faster, and more convenient, which has prompted universities and research institutions to attract students from abroad. Russia, like many other countries, has created the project «Development of the export potential of the Russian education system». However, there are different internal and external factors affecting the export process of Russian educational services. The purpose of this study is to compare the motives of foreign students from Iran and Tajikistan who chose Russia as a destination country to continue their education. This study uses a qualitative approach using open, semi-structured interviews with international students from Iran and Tajikistan. In total, 33 students from four cities and 6 different universities in Russia were interviewed with 21 men and 12 women aged 20 to 31 years old. The results of this study show that Iranian and Tajik students have much in common in terms of language, culture, values, and traditions but differ in their motives and decision-making process.

scholarly journals The People’s Right To Choose their Healthcare Services: View Point of Health Managers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaheh Parnian ◽  
Ali Aboutorabi ◽  
Mohammadreza Sheikhy-Chaman ◽  
Arya Sakhidel Hovasin ◽  
Zanyar Soltani
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
The Past ◽  
Content Analysis Method ◽  
Data Saturation ◽  
The Right

Background: People, as the main recipients of healthcare services, consider themselves entitled to the right to choose in the health system. This study aimed to investigate people’s right to choose and freedom about healthcare services from healthcare managers’ perspective. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted in 2020. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 15 healthcare managers. Then, the snowball sampling method continued until data saturation level was achieved. All interviews were recorded, analyzed, and the main themes were extracted. MAXQDA10 was used for data analysis using content analysis method. Results: The people’s rights to choose their healthcare services were categorized into five main themes: people’s awareness of their right to choose, freedom of choice regarding receiving or not receiving services, government guidelines and policies, choice of hygienic services and medical services in a special way, and barriers to free access to services. Conclusion: Recently, more attention is paid to social values in health systems than in the past, and people have more freedom and choices. On the other hand, to strengthen social justice foundations, there is a need for comprehensive policies and planning in various aspects.

scholarly journals The Interaction between Industries and Executive Agencies (The Department of Environment and Administration of Economic and Finance) to Reduce Pollution: A Qualitative Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Pakdaman ◽  
Samaneh Khademi ◽  
Mohammad Taghi Ghaneian ◽  
Hosien Zareian ◽  
Mohammad Hassan Ehrampoush ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Environmental Laws ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Content Analysis Method ◽  
Incentive Policies ◽  
Executive Agencies ◽  
Culture Development ◽  
Selection Of

Introduction: Nowadays, the appropriate selection of environmental instruments is considered a political priority in most countries. Given that one of the most important environmental tools in recent years to counteract industrial pollution has been levying green tax on polluting industries, the present study aims to identify interactive factors affecting the enforcement of green taxes between executive agencies [Department of Environment and Administration of Economic and Finance] and industries to reduce pollution. Materials and Methods: In this qualitative study, 13 participants from the DOE, MEFA and Deputy of Industries’ Affairs of Yazd were selected by purposive and snowball sampling. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews and then analyzed in the MAXQDA10 software by content analysis method. Results: From our data analysis, two main categories executive organizations and industries were drawn, which included 8 sub-categories tax justice, tax culture development, tax determination and tax collection, weak tax systems, tax laws, tax penalties, tax incentives and adoption of an environmental framework by the industry. Conclusion: Reforming the environmental laws, approaches and policies, emphasizing education to develop the culture of tax payment, avoiding unilateralism in enforcing environmental policies and enhancing incentive policies seem essential.

scholarly journals 271 Factors Affecting the Decision to Perform Same Admission Cholecystectomy Following Biliary Pancreatitis: A Comparative Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Dick ◽  
J Young
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Biliary Pancreatitis ◽  
Patient Factors ◽  
Endoscopic Retrograde ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Previous Abdominal Surgery ◽  
Delayed Cholecystectomy ◽  
History Of

Abstract Introduction Same admission cholecystectomy is recommended following biliary pancreatitis to prevent recurrent attacks. However, delaying surgery may be appropriate in certain cases. We aimed to compare patient and admission factors between those undergoing same admission and delayed cholecystectomy. Method Admissions with confirmed biliary pancreatitis over a 5-year period were included. Demographics, co-morbidities, need for intensive treatment unit (ITU) admission and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) were analysed to determine differences between those undergoing same admission and delayed cholecystectomy. Results 55 and 46 patients underwent same admission and delayed cholecystectomy respectively. There was no difference in age (59 vs 59.2 years, p = 0.947), history of cardiovascular disease (38.2 vs 34.8%, p = 0.724), diabetes (7.3 vs 8.7%, p = 0.792) anticoagulation (7.3 vs 6.5%, p = 0.882) or previous abdominal surgery (0 vs 6.25%, p = 0.05) between groups. Only need for ITU admission (5.5 vs 21.7%, p = 0.01) and ERCP (9.1 vs 28.3%, p = 0.01) were found to be statistically different between groups. Conclusions Severity of pancreatitis, rather than patient factors, alone seems to influence the decision to perform same admission cholecystectomy in those with biliary pancreatitis. Further work is needed to understand surgeon factors in the decision-making process.

scholarly journals Ethnobotany of traditional medicinal plants used by Dayak Desa Community in Sintang, West Kalimantan, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
MARKUS IYUS SUPIANDI ◽  
SUSRIYATI MAHANAL ◽  
SITI ZUBAIDAH ◽  
HENDRIKUS JULUNG ◽  
BENEDIKTUS EGE
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
West Kalimantan ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Traditional Medicinal Plants ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of

Abstract. Supiandi MI, Mahanal S, Zubaidah S, Julung H, Ege B. 2019. Ethnobotany of traditional medicinal plants used by Dayak Desa Community in Sintang, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 1264-1270. Dayak Desa community has a long history of using medicinal plants as one of the methods to overcome health problems. Along with the advancement of science, the influx of foreign cultures and environmental degradation, traditional knowledge about medicinal plants and their utilization are only owned by the old generation. This study, therefore, aimed to identify medicinal plants used by Dayak Desa community who lives in Pakak Village. To collect information from the community, a survey was conducted in June 2017. Snowball sampling method was utilized to select 6 informants from whom information related to the plants’ local names, the used parts of the plants, and the ways of managing and using the plants for curing illnesses was obtained through structured interviews. Data analysis was qualitative and quantitative. The results show that 25 species of medicinal plants from 9 families. The most widely used part of the plants is the leaves. The people in the community boil the leaves and drink the extract. Based on the results of the ICS analysis, the plant's value ranged from 1 to 24. The highest value was observed in keladi (Colocasia esculenta L.) and the lowest value was found in kayu kenanga (Canangium odoratum Baill).

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