THE EFFECT OF PUBLIC POLICY ON THE DEMAND FOR HIGHER EDUCATION IN PAKISTAN: CASE OF COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1623-1631
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ibrahim Shah ◽  
Noor Jehan ◽  
Amreena Begum ◽  
Ghazala Naheed Beig ◽  
Waheedullah
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Male Student ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Online Classes ◽  
Tuition Fees ◽  
Online System ◽  
System A ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Reliable Scale

Purpose of the study: This research was conducted in the peak days of the Covid-19 pandemic. The intention was to know the effect of public policy of online classes on demand for higher studies. Methodology: The data was collected online through Google forms via direct requests in different students groups.  The probability that a student will continue studies if online classes were continued was the dependent variable and hence a "1" response and a "0" response otherwise, so logistic regression was applied. Main Findings: If there is a preparedness problem for online classes, there would be a decrease in another admission, while ease of adaptability will increase admissions. A unit increase in tuition fees significantly negatively affects the probability of admissions in the online system. A male student, a day scholar student, has more probability of continuing studies in the online system.  Applications of this study: This study is very fruitful in devising educational policy and government guidance. Online classes were a new thing for the majority of the students and institutions, and our results can be of great help in the future course of action. Novelty/Originality of this study: The study developed a perceptive questionnaire about online classes, and it was found to be reliable based on Cronbach alpha value of .82. We run Principal Component Analysis on a reliable scale and three components were extracted in the process i.e. ease of adaptability, system-related and preparedness problem.

scholarly journals ARABIC LEARNING IN THE DIGITAL ERA: APPROACH IN ONLINE SYSTEM

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Zainul Arifin ◽  
Suci Ramadhanti Febriani ◽  
Hendri Yahya Saputra ◽  
Anasruddin Anasruddin
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Online Classes ◽  
Data Display ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Online System ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
Learning Conditions ◽  
Data Grouping

One alternative to learning Arabic in the digital era is through online learning using digital technology. The process of learning Arabic in Indonesia has developed rapidly in recent times. The transition from face-to-face to online classes requires adjustments in the learning approach. This research used literature review method. Sources of data were books, articles, and other relevant sources. Data were analyzed through data collection procedures, data grouping, data display, and drawing conclusion. The validity of the data was tested through source and technical triangulation. The result of the study indicated that there are three appropriate approaches for learning Arabic online in this digital era, namely the contextual approach, constructivism approach, and behaviorism approach. The choice of approach should meet the students’ needs and learning conditions. Each approach could be implemented through a variety of methods and techniques. The integration of these three approaches in learning Arabic online provides broad opportunities for students to study independently and develop language skills aspects through various available digital media platforms.

scholarly journals Biomimetic Sonar for Electrical Activation of the Auditory Pathway

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Menniti ◽  
S. A. Pullano ◽  
M. G. Bianco ◽  
R. Citraro ◽  
E. Russo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Information ◽  
Electronic Device ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Auditory Pathway ◽  
Brain Response ◽  
Implanted Electrodes ◽  
System A ◽  
Signal Features ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Rate Frequency

Relying on the mechanism of bat’s echolocation system, a bioinspired electronic device has been developed to investigate the cortical activity of mammals in response to auditory sensorial stimuli. By means of implanted electrodes, acoustical information about the external environment generated by a biomimetic system and converted in electrical signals was delivered to anatomically selected structures of the auditory pathway. Electrocorticographic recordings showed that cerebral activity response is highly dependent on the information carried out by ultrasounds and is frequency-locked with the signal repetition rate. Frequency analysis reveals that delta and beta rhythm content increases, suggesting that sensorial information is successfully transferred and integrated. In addition, principal component analysis highlights how all the stimuli generate patterns of neural activity which can be clearly classified. The results show that brain response is modulated by echo signal features suggesting that spatial information sent by biomimetic sonar is efficiently interpreted and encoded by the auditory system. Consequently, these results give new perspective in artificial environmental perception, which could be used for developing new techniques useful in treating pathological conditions or influencing our perception of the surroundings.

scholarly journals Quantitative Analysis of the Sustainable Development Capacity of Regional Water Resources：A case study of Sichuan Province

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 ◽  
pp. 02005
Author(s):  
Xuedong Liang ◽  
Li Yang ◽  
Meng Ye ◽  
Guoying Deng
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Resource Development ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Water Resource Development ◽  
System A ◽  
Sustainable Water Resource ◽  
Regional Water

Limited water resources have become a serious problem in recent decades. Based on previous research results, this article develops an index system to evaluate sustainable water resource development that includes a water resource condition system, a water resource development and utilization system, a water resource protection and management system, and a socio-economic system. A measurement model is then constructed based on a principal component analysis (PCA) -entropy weights-weighted average method to optimize the evaluation index system for dimensionality reduction, to assign weights to the principal component factors, and allow for a comprehensive evaluation of water resource sustainability. The measurement model is applied to an empirical analysis of sustainable water resource development in Sichuan Province from 2008 to 2017, from which it is found that coordinated sustainable regional water resource and social economic development can be achieved through rational exploitation, efficient utilization, and environmental water pollution control. This research could provide a reference for regional sustainable development of water resources and policy developments.

scholarly journals Public Policy or Government Programs: Are a Contribution to the Inclusion in Chile?

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 115-126
Author(s):  
José Manuel Salum Tomé
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Planned Behavior ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Decisive Factor ◽  
Public Communication ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Simple Idea ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Communication Activity

Given the importance of Public Policies for social transformation, the document explains why and under what circumstances they constitute a decisive factor to promote or inhibit social transformation. A policy is a purposeful, intentional, planned behavior, not just reactive, casual. It is set in motion with the decision to achieve certain objectives through certain means: it is an action with meaning. It is a process, a course of action that involves a whole complex set of decisions and operators . Politics is also a public communication activity . Hence, the purpose of this article is s be a guide in the understanding and analysis of what is meant by Public Policies, as well as contributing to the understanding of the mechanisms for their design and elaboration. That they have a clear and simple idea of ​​what Public Policies are in a generalized context and the steps that must be carried out to implement them. 

scholarly journals Factors Influencing the Participation and Engagement of Dental Students in E-Learning During Covid-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
Hira Butt ◽  
Nauman Rauf Khan ◽  
Ameer Iqbal Iqbal ◽  
Khadija Ahmad Pakistan ◽  
Shahid Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Principal Component Factor Analysis ◽  
Online Classes ◽  
Nominal Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Personal Problems ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
E Learning

OBJECTIVES: To assess the factors that influences the participation and engagement of dental students in online classes. METHODOLOGY: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using a pre-validated questionnaire with 45 barriers items used. The Cronbach Alpha value after removing certain items in our study was calculated to be 0.934, which resulted in 35 barrier items. Recorded data were coded and entered using SPSS version 23.0. Nominal data were presented as frequency and percentage, whereas all numerical data was entered as mean and standard deviation. Factor analysis on questions pertaining to barriers to e-learning was done. RESULTS: The underlying construct of the data was identified using principal component factor analysis. The type of rotation used was Varimax. The value of Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure for sampling adequacy (MSA) was 0.880. The criteria used for identifying factors were the latent root criteria. A total of six factors were identified. The overall variance explained by these factors was 61.9%. The barriers ranked the highest were those pertaining to motivational problems and time interruptions (2.8667±0.88524). The barriers that were ranked the lowest were those pertaining to instructors and personal problems (2.3894±0.81059). CONCLUSION: The biggest barrier was found to be motivational problems in attending online classes. The second-highest ranked barrier was social problems. The third barrier included a lack of support services. Technical barriers were ranked fourth. The barrier that was ranked fifth was a lack of pre-requisite skills. The barriers that were reported to be the least were problems pertaining to the instructor and personal problems. KEYWORDS: Motivational Barrier, Social Barrier, Technical Barrier, Instructor and Personal Barrier, Pre-requisite Skill, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO

scholarly journals Urban Sprawl: Scenario Analyses For Public Policy - Makers

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Polimeni ◽  
Raluca Iorgulescu Polimeni
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
New York ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
New York State ◽  
Hudson River ◽  
Residential Development ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Scenario Analyses ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Creek Watershed

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 0in 34.2pt 0pt 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 10pt;">This paper examines the likely effects of public-policy on residential development in the Wappinger Creek Watershed within Dutchess County in the Hudson River Valley of New York State.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>An econometric model is used in combination with Monte Carlo simulation to project residential development in a spatial format using a Geographic Information System (GIS).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>GIS was used to extract data with bio-geophysical attributes, such as slope, soil, and location characteristics, to project growth trends for residential use of undeveloped land parcels due to changes in public policy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>Detailed scenarios present stakeholders the economic, social, and environmental implications of a possible course of action.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>The results indicate that public-policy can be effectively used to counteract the effects of urban sprawl and increased population.</span></p>

Message Framing Variations in Health and Risk Messaging

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. O'Keefe
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
News Media ◽  
Message Framing ◽  
Policy Issue ◽  
Persuasive Messages ◽  
Public Policy Issue ◽  
Sunscreen Use ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Health Related ◽  
News Event

Many health-related message variations have been described as variations in the framing of the message. What different applications of the term message framing have in common is that, in each case, something gets described in different ways (with researchers having a special interest in the consequences of these different descriptions). But what that “thing” is and how the descriptions of it differ vary across different uses of the term framing. In research on health-related messages, at least three different variations have been described using “framing” as a label. One concerns variation in consequence-based arguments in persuasive messages. In this kind of framing, what varies is the description of the antecedent or consequent in arguments designed to persuade people to adopt some course of action. For example, the antecedent in an argument designed to encourage sunscreen use might be expressed as “if you wear sunscreen” or “if you don’t wear sunscreen,” and the consequent of such arguments might emphasize sunburns or skin cancer. A second concerns variation in the description of some news event, public policy issue, or health subject. For example, news media might describe obesity as controllable or as something over which one has limited control. A third concerns variation in the description of an attribute of a course of action. For example, a surgical procedure might be described as having a “90% success rate” or a “10% failure rate.”

scholarly journals Public Policy or Government Programs? Are a Contribution to the Inclusion in Chile?

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Jose Manuel Salum Tome
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Planned Behavior ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Decisive Factor ◽  
Public Communication ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Simple Idea ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Communication Activity

Given the importance of Public Policies for social transformation, the document explains why and under what circumstances they constitute a decisive factor to promote or inhibit social transformation. A policy is a purposeful, intentional, planned behavior, not just reactive, casual. It is set in motion with the decision to achieve certain objectives through certain means: it is an action with meaning. It is a process, a course of action that involves a whole complex set of decisions and operators. Politics is also a public communication activity. Hence, the purpose of this article is s be a guide in the understanding and analysis of what is meant by Public Policies, as well as contributing to the understanding of the mechanisms for their design and elaboration. That they have a clear and simple idea of what Public Policies are in a generalized context and the steps that must be carried out to implement them.

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