Bacteriological Examination of Cow Milk Samples Suspected of Clinical Mastitis: A Case Study

Activity of lysosomal N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (NAGase) in milk has been used as an indicator of bovine mastitis. We studied NAGase activity of 808 milk samples from healthy quarters and quarters of cows with spontaneous subclinical and clinical mastitis. Associations between milk NAGase activity and milk somatic cell count (SCC), mastitis causing pathogen, quarter, parity, days in milk (DIM) and season were studied. In addition, the performance of NAGase activity in detecting clinical and subclinical mastitis and distinguishing infections caused by minor and major bacteria was investigated. Our results indicate that NAGase activity can be used to detect both subclinical and clinical mastitis with a high level of accuracy (0·85 and 0·99). Incomplete correlation between NAGase activity and SCC suggests that a substantial proportion of NAGase activity comes from damaged epithelial cells of the udder in addition to somatic cells. We therefore recommend determination of NAGase activity from quarter foremilk after at least six hours from the last milking using the method described. Samples should be frozen before analysis. NAGase activity should be interpreted according to DIM, at least during the first month of lactation. Based on the results of the present study, a reference value for normal milk NAGase activity of 0·1–1·04 pmoles 4-MU/min/μl for cows with ≥30 DIM (196 samples) could be proposed. We consider milk NAGase activity to be an accurate indicator of subclinical and clinical mastitis.

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Antimicrobial resistance patterns and biofilm formation of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species isolated from subclinical mastitis cow milk samples submitted to the Onderstepoort Milk Laboratory

BMC Veterinary Research ◽

10.1186/s12917-019-2175-3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Lufuno Phophi ◽

Inge-Marie Petzer ◽

Daniel Nenene Qekwana

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Clinical Mastitis ◽

Cow Milk ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Resistance Patterns

Abstract Background Increased prevalence of antimicrobial resistance, treatment failure, and financial losses have been reported in dairy cows with coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) clinical mastitis, however, studies on CoNS infections are limited in South Africa. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to investigate the antimicrobial resistance patterns and biofilm formation in CoNS isolated from cow milk samples submitted to the Onderstepoort Milk Laboratory. Results A total of 142 confirmed CoNS isolates were used for this study. Biofilm formation was identified in 18% of CoNS tested. Staphylococcus chromogenes (11%) had the highest proportion of biofilm formation followed by S. haemolyticus (4.0%), S. epidermidis, S. hominis, S. xylosus, and S. simulans with 1% respectively. Ninety percent (90%) of CoNS were resistant to at least one antimicrobial (AMR) and 51% were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Resistance among CoNS was the highest to ampicillin (90%) and penicillin (89%), few isolates resistant to cefoxitin and vancomycin, 9% respectively. Similarly, MDR-S. haemolyticus (44%), MDR-S. epidermidis (65%), and MDR-S. chromogenes (52%) were mainly resistant to penicillins. The most common resistance patterns observed were resistance to penicillin-ampicillin (16%) and penicillin-ampicillin-erythromycin (10%). Only 42% of biofilm positive CoNS were MDR. Conclusion The majority of CoNS in this study were resistance to penicillins. In addition, most isolates were β-lactam resistant and MDR. Biofilm formation among the CoNS in this study was uncommon and there was no significant difference in the proportion of MDR-CoNS based on the ability to form a biofilm.

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Some aerobic bacterial causes of clinical mastitis in cows &study some causes of treatment failure

The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.30539/iraqijvm.v32i1.775 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 148-165

Author(s):

Yousif A.A. Al-Dulimy

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Treatment Failure ◽

Bacillus Cereus ◽

Treated Group ◽

Clinical Mastitis ◽

Control Group ◽

Bacteriological Examination ◽

Sterile Condition ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Milking Machine

The study included 82 clinical mastitic cows (328 quarters) in two dairycattle stations, 15 cows in the first station in Baghdad and 67 cows in thesecond station in Babel, Clinical inspection was conducted on cows and it’sudder, milk samples were collected under sterile condition and subjected forphysical, chemical & bacteriological examination with antibiotic sensitivitytest of the isolated pathogens.The mastitic cows in each station were divided into two groups, the 1st(Treated group) in which cows treated by us and the 2nd (control group) inwhich cows were treated by the staff of station. After treatment all cowswere examined clinically and bacteriologly four times (once 10 days). Swapsfrom milker’s hands and milking machine were also taken.The results revealed that out of 328examined quarters, 212 quarters wereinfected (55 quarter in the 1st station and 157 quarter in the 2nd station). Theacute form of mastitis represent high percent and the occurance of thedisease increased with the advance age. The hind quarters were morefrequently affected than fore ones.Staph.aureus was the only isolate from the 1st station, while 14 type ofbacteria was isolated from the 2nd station .Staph. aureus & Staph.epidermidiswere isolated from milker’s hand,where as Bacillus cereus, Klebsiellapneumoniae . & Pseudomonas aeruginosa & Pasteurella spp. were isolatedfrom teat cups.

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Assessment of lipid peroxidation in dairy cows with subclinical and clinical mastitis

Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences ◽

10.5219/1052 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 244-250

Author(s):

František Zigo ◽

Juraj Elečko ◽

Milan Vasiľ ◽

Zuzana Farkašová ◽

Martina Zigová ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Signs ◽

Dairy Herd ◽

Clinical Mastitis ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Bacteriological Examination ◽

E Coli ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Oxidative Products ◽

Staphylococcus Spp ◽

Relationship Of

Mastitis is still one of the major causes of economic losses in dairy sector. The routine application of bacteriologic examination of milk samples is often insufficient and for this reason, alternative parameters are used to identify trends in the development of the udder health. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine the relationship of oxidative product levels, using malondialdehyde (MDA) as a marker on occurrence of mastitis and its causing pathogens. Dairy herd of 223 Slovak spotted cattle were tested for etiology and occurrence of mastitis based on assessment of clinical signs, abnormal udder secretions, Californian Mastitis Test (CMT) with subsequent collecting of milk samples for bacteriological examination. From 892 quarter milk samples were selected for MDA detection 51 subclinical (SM) and 26 clinical mastitis (CM) quarters with positive CMT score and positive bacteriological examination of Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. as well 40 healthy quarters. Results showed that among the current pathogens of the mammary gland belong CNS, S. aureus, S. sanguinis, S. uberis and E. coli, which were the most frequently isolated from SM and CM. The highest MDA level was observed from clinical cases of mastitis however, increased MDA levels were detectable from subclinical cases. Bacterial isolates from subclinical quarter milk samples are different levels of MDA. In this study, we found that quarter milk samples infected with S. uberis were higher compared to other pathogens. In conclusion, differences in both severity of mastitis and mastitic pathogens were associated with differences of oxidative products in infected udders.

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Determination of Some Heavy Metals in Milk of Cow Grazing At Selected Areas, of Kaduna Metropolis

International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering ◽

10.23956/ijarcsse/v7i6/01617 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (7) ◽

pp. 341 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mahmud Mohammed Imam ◽

Zahra Muhammad ◽

Amina Zakari

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Cadmium Toxicity ◽

Research Work ◽

The Body ◽

Cow Milk ◽

Scientific Model ◽

Potential Health ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Lead And Cadmium ◽

Digestion Technique

In this research work the concentration of zinc, copper, lead, chromium, cadmium, and nickel in cow milk samples obtained from four different grazing areas (kakuri, kudendan, malali, kawo) of Kaduna metropolis. The samples were digested by wet digestion technique .The trace element were determined using bulk scientific model VPG 210 model Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS).. The concentration of the determined heavy metal were The result revealed that Cr, Ni and Cd were not detected in milk samples from Kawo, Malali and Kudendan whereas lead (Pb) is detected in all samples and found to be above the stipulated limits of recommended dietary allowance (NRC,1989) given as 0.02mg/day. Cu and Zn are essential elements needed by the body for proper metabolism and as such their deficiency or excess is very dangerous for human health. However, they were found in all samples and are within the recommended limits while Cd (2.13 – 3.15 mg/kg) in milk samples from Kakuri was found to be above such limit (0.5mg/day). Cow milk samples analyzed for heavy metals in this research work pose a threat of lead and cadmium toxicity due to their exposure to direct sources of air, water and plants in these grazing areas, thereby, resulting to a potential health risk to the consumers.

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Detection of virulence-associated genes in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine clinical mastitis milk samples in Guangxi

Tropical Animal Health and Production ◽

10.1007/s11250-012-0143-z ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 44 (8) ◽

pp. 1821-1826 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Feng Li Yang ◽

Xiao Shan Li ◽

Xian Wei Liang ◽

Xiu Fang Zhang ◽

Guang Sheng Qin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Clinical Mastitis ◽

Milk Samples

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Effects of Pre-Parturient Iodine Teat Dip Applications on Modulating Aversive Behaviors and Mastitis in Primiparous Cows

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11061623 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1623

Author(s):

Hannah N. Phillips ◽

Ulrike S. Sorge ◽

Bradley J. Heins

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Clinical Mastitis ◽

Lactation Period ◽

Early Lactation ◽

Treatment Control ◽

Intramammary Infections ◽

Aureus Infection ◽

Milk Samples ◽

To Receive ◽

Teat Dipping

Heifers and their human handlers are at risk for decreased welfare during the early lactation period. This experiment investigated pre-parturient teat dipping and parlor acclimation to reduce mastitis and aversive behaviors in early lactation heifers. Three weeks prior to calving, heifers were randomly assigned to receive either: (1) a weekly 1.0% iodine-based teat dip in the parlor (trained; n = 37) or (2) no treatment (control; n = 30). For the first 3 days of lactation, heifers were milked twice daily, and treatment-blinded handlers assessed behaviors and clinical mastitis. Aseptic quarter milk samples were collected within 36 h of calving and analyzed for pathogens. Control heifers had (OR ± SE) 2.2 ± 0.6 times greater (p < 0.01) odds of kicking during milking. Trained heifers had (OR ± SE) 1.7 ± 0.4 times greater (p = 0.02) odds of being very calm during milking, while control heifers had 2.2 ± 0.8 and 3.8 ± 2.1 times greater (p < 0.04) odds of being restless and very restless or hostile during milking, respectively. Quarters of control heifers had (OR ± SE) 5.4 ± 3.4 greater (p < 0.01) odds of intramammary Staphylococcus aureus infection, yet clinical mastitis was similar among treatments. The results indicate that teat dipping in the parlor weekly for 3 weeks before calving may alleviate some aversive milking behaviors and protect against early lactation S. aureus intramammary infections.

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Characterization of Escherichia coli Strains Derived from Cow Milk of Subclinical and Clinical Cases of Mastitis

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11020541 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 541

Author(s):

Katarzyna Grudlewska-Buda ◽

Krzysztof Skowron ◽

Ewa Wałecka-Zacharska ◽

Natalia Wiktorczyk-Kapischke ◽

Jarosław Bystroń ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Clinical Mastitis ◽

Economic Problem ◽

Cow Milk ◽

P Value ◽

Dairy Herds ◽

E Coli ◽

Bonferroni Test

Mastitis is a major economic problem in dairy herds, as it might decrease fertility, and negatively affect milk quality and milk yield. Out of over 150 bacterial species responsible for the udder inflammation, Escherichia coli is one of the most notable. This study aimed to assess antimicrobial susceptibility, resistance to dipping agents and biofilm formation of 150 E. coli strains isolated from milk of cows with subclinical and clinical mastitis. The strains came from three dairy herds located in Northern and Central Poland. The statistical analyses were performed with post-hoc Bonferroni test and chi-square test (including Yates correction). The data with a p value of <0.05 were considered significant. We found that the tested strains were mostly sensitive to antimicrobials and dipping agents. It was shown that 37.33% and 4.67% of strains were resistant and moderately resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent, respectively. No extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL)-producing E. coli were detected. The majority of strains did not possess the ability to form biofilm or formed a weak biofilm. The strong biofilm formers were found only among strains derived from cows with subclinical mastitis. The lowest bacteria number was noted for subclinical mastitis cows’ strains, after stabilization with iodine (3.77 log CFU × cm−2) and chlorhexidine (3.96 log CFU × cm−2) treatment. In the present study, no statistically significant differences in susceptibility to antibiotics and the ability to form biofilm were found among the strains isolated from cows with subclinical and clinical mastitis. Despite this, infections in dairy herds should be monitored. Limiting the spread of bacteria and characterizing the most common etiological factors would allow proper treatment.

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