scholarly journals  ​Ethanomedicine and Pharmacology of Semal (Bombax ceiba L.)- A Indian Medicinal Plant: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rekha T. Rajput
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Literature Survey ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Indian Medicinal Plant ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Antiangiogenic Activity ◽  
Anti Hiv

Bombax ceiba L. is valuable herb in the ayurvedic and traditional systems of medicine. In traditional system of drugs various plant parts and exudates are used as medicine. On the basis of literature survey, plant is found to be beneficial as astringent, cooling, stimulant, diuretic, aphrodisiac, demulcent, dysentery, tonic and also useful in the treatment of asthma, diarrhea, wound healing, leucorrhea, anemia and tuberculosis. Apart from these, it is also reported as anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective, anticancer and anti-HIV activity, anti-helicobacter pylori activity, antiangiogenic activity, analgesic and antioxidant activity, inhibitory effects on tube-like formation of human umbilical venous cells, hypotensive, hypoglycemic activity, cholinesterase and antimicrobial activity. This review is an attempt to discuss the various pharmacognosy, ethnomedicinal, pharmacology and traditional uses along with reported phytochemical and pharmacological activities of Bombax ceiba.

Litsea Species as Potential Antiviral Plant Sources

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (02) ◽  
pp. 275-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifu Guan ◽  
Dongying Wang ◽  
Ghee T. Tan ◽  
Nguyen Van Hung ◽  
Nguyen Manh Cuong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Hiv Replication ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Antiviral Compounds ◽  
Snake Bites ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Anti Hiv

Litsea verticillata Hance (Lauraceae), a Chinese medicine used to treat swelling caused by injury or by snake bites, was the first plant identified by our National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded International Cooperative Biodiversity Group (ICBG) project to exhibit anti-HIV activities. From this plant, we discovered a class of 8 novel litseane compounds, prototypic sesquiterpenes, all of which demonstrated anti-HIV activities. In subsequent studies, 26 additional compounds of different structural types were identified. During our continuing investigation of this plant species, we identified two new litseanes, litseaverticillols L and M, and a new sesquiterpene butenolide, litseasesquibutenolide. Litseaverticillols L and M were found to inhibit HIV-1 replication, with an IC[Formula: see text] value of 49.6[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M. To further determine the antiviral properties of this plant, several relatively abundant isolates, including a litseane compound, two eudesmane sesquiterpenes and three lignans, were evaluated against an additional 21 viral targets. Lignans 8 and 9 were shown to be active against the Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV), with EC[Formula: see text] values of 22.0[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M ([Formula: see text]) and 16.2[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M ([Formula: see text]), respectively. Since many antiviral compounds have been discovered in L. verticillata, we further prepared 38 plant extracts made from the different plant parts of 9 additional Litsea species. These extracts were evaluated for their anti-HIV and cytotoxic activities, and four of the extracts, which ranged across three different species, displayed 97–100% inhibitory effects against HIV replication without showing cytotoxicity to a panel of human cell lines at a concentration of 20[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL.

scholarly journals Phytochemical screening and evaluation of antimicrobial activity of Albizia ferruginea (Fabaceae) leaves extract

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-192
Author(s):  
A.L. Yusuf ◽  
B. Abdullahi ◽  
I. Abdulaziz
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Antimicrobial Studies ◽  
Growth Inhibitory ◽  
The Family ◽  
Phytochemical Studies

Phytochemical and antimicrobial activity of methanol extract of Albizia ferruginea (Guill and Perr) which belongs to the family of Fabaceae were studied. Phytochemical studies on the plant leaves showed that they contained alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, saponins, cardiac glycoside and carbohydrate. Methanol extract of Albizia ferruginea showed growth inhibitory effects of varying degrees on S. feacalis, S. typhi, S. paratyphi, Shigella dysentriae and Klebsiella pneumonia but was not active on Streptococcus pyogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extract was determined for the organisms whose growths were inhibited. The extract had MIC of 3.25mg/ml for S. feacalis, S. paratyphi, S. dysentriae and K. pneumoniae respectively. The antimicrobial studies of the extracts really justify the numerous folkloric uses of the plant parts in the treatment of some common ailments such as diarrhea, dysentery, fever, cough, pain and skin infections.

scholarly journals Ethnobotanical and Pharmacological Importance of Western Himalayan Fir Abies pindrow (Royle ex D. Don) Royle: A Review

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Dwaipayan Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Literature Survey ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Bladder Diseases ◽  
Abies Pindrow

Aims: Abies pindrow (Royle ex D. Don) Royle., colloquially known as the Western Himalayan fir, is a conifer that grows along the Himalayan mountains from Afghanistan to Nepal. The plant is extensively used by locals for the treatments of various ailments. Thus based on the available reports about its importance in traditional system of medicine, an attempt has been made to review this species in context of its medicinal and pharmaceutical importance. Study Design: The review article has been designed based on literature survey. The article is grossly divided into four broad phases consisting of compiled information of Abies pindrow: (1) Ethnobotanical information (2) Chemical Constituents (3) Pharmacological activities (4) Discussion mainly highlighting the mode of action of the bioactive compounds in relation to its pharmacological activity. Methodology: Extensive literature search have been performed in the web using PubMed, PubMed Central, google scholar as search platform. Efforts have also been taken to compile information from research papers and review articles not more than 10 years old. Information from old literatures were preferably avoided unless found to be very relevant to the subject. Results: The literature survey revealed that the plant has been used to treat cough and cold, diabetes, cataract and bladder diseases. The plant is also considered to be carminative, astringent, antispasmodic, diuretic, tonic and anti-inflammatory. The plant is also rich in terpenes and terpene alcohols. Testing for antidiabetic, neuroprotective, anticataract and antixiolytic activities have been promising and the bioactive constituents and efforts are made to interpret the possible mechanism of action of bioactive compounds in bringing about the pharmacological activities. Conclusion: It is concluded that the plant can be explored and bioprospected for an affordable source of drug and nutraceutical for better management of health related issues of people of Indian subcontinent.

Synthetic Strategies, Chemical Reactivities and Biological Activities of 3-Thioxo-1,2,4-Triazin-5-Ones and Their Derivatives

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-322
Author(s):  
Mohammad S.T. Makki ◽  
Reda M. Abdel-Rahman ◽  
Abdulrahman S. Alharbi
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Literature Survey ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Nucleophilic Reagents ◽  
Anti Hiv ◽  
Biological Field

In recent years, a very interest in the synthesis of functionalized 3-thioxo-1,2,4-triazin-5- ones and their derivatives as vital probes has been increased, due to the important, applications of the medicinal, pharmacological, and biological field as a drug, semi drug, and bioactive systems. The present work review outlines extensive recent advances literature survey on the synthesis of sulfurbearing 1,2,4-triazin-5-one derivatives has been reconsidered. Also, the behavior of these family towards electrophilic and nucleophilic reagents in different media and conditions reported. The biological evaluation of the most synthesized systems included anticancer, anti-HIV, antimicrobial as well as their enzymatic effects (cellobiase produced by fungi) have been reported. The reactivity of these systems depends on the polarity of solvent, temperature, molarity as well as a type of tautomeric present.

Evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Ziziphora ‎clinopodiodes essential oil eluted at different times

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojgan Alizadeh ◽  
Akram Arianfar ◽  
Ameneh Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Essential Oil Composition ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Citronellic Acid ◽  
Antimicrobial And Antioxidant Activity

Objective: Ziziphora clinopodioides is an edible medicinal plant belongs to the Labiatae family that widespread all over Iran. It used as culinary and also in cold and cough treatments in Iran. The aim of present work was to evaluate the effect of different timeframes during the hydrodistillation on essential oil composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. Materials and Methods: The essential oil of Z. clinopodiodes was extracted via hydrodistillation with Clevenger apparatus. The fractions of essential oil were captured at 6 times from the beginning of the distillation: (10, 20, 60, 120, 180 and 240 min). The fractions of essential oil were analyzed by GC/MS and their antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities were studied by Disk - well diffusion and DPPH methods respectively. Results: Six distillation times and whole essential oil were captured during the hydrodistillation. Essential oil yield dropped off significantly during distillation progressed (1.0% for 10 min and 0.025 for 240 min). 1,8 Cineol, Isomenthone, Pulegone, Piperitenone and Citronellic acid were major compounds in fractions and they were affected by distillation times. Pulegone was major compound in all of essential oils. In antioxidant activity assay, whole essential oil was stronger than was stronger than positive control and fractions of essential oil, because of higher levels of Isomenthone, Piperitenone and Citronellic acid. Strongest antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, E. coli and C. albicans was observed from 10 min fraction. Conclusion: Our results indicated that distillation time can create essential oils with specific properties and we can achieve to more efficient essential oil in short times.

Synthesis and antioxidant activity of new selenium-containing quinolines

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedetta Bocchini ◽  
Bruna Goldani ◽  
Fernanda S.S. Sousa ◽  
Paloma T. Birmann ◽  
Cesar A. Brüning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Antioxidant Agents

Background: Quinoline derivatives have been attracted much attention in drug discovery and synthetic derivatives of these scaffolds present a range of pharmacological activities. Therefore, organoselenium compounds are valuable scaffolds in organic synthesis because their pharmacological activities and their use as versatile building blocks for regio-, chemio-and stereoselective reactions. Thus, the synthesis of selenium-containing quinolines has great significance, and their applicability range from simple antioxidant agents, to selective DNA-binding and photocleaving agents. Objective: In the present study we describe the synthesis and antioxidant activity in vitro of new 7-chloroN(arylselanyl)quinolin-4-amines 5 by the reaction of 4,7-dichloroquinoline 4 with (arylselanyl)-amines 3. Methods: For the synthesis of 7-chloro-N(arylselanyl)quinolin-4-amines 5, we performed the reaction of (arylselanyl)- amines 3 with 4,7-dichloroquinoline 4 in the presence of Et3N at 120 °C in a sealed tube. The antioxidant activities of the compounds 5 were evaluated by the following in vitro assays: 2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, 2,2-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), nitric oxide (NO) scavenging and superoxide dismutase-like activity (SOD-Like). Results: 7-Chloro-N(arylselanyl)quinolin-4-amines 5a-d has been synthesized in yields ranging from 68% to 82% by the reaction of 4,7-dichloroquinoline 4 with arylselanyl-amines 3a-d using Et3N as base, at 120 °C, in a sealed tube for 24 hours and tolerates different substituents, such as -OMe and -Cl, in the arylselanyl moiety. The obtained compounds 5a-d presented significant results with respect to the antioxidant potential, which had effect in the tests of inhibition of radical’s DPPH, ABTS+ and NO, as well as in the test that evaluates the capacity (FRAP) and in the superoxide dismutase-like activity assay (SOD-Like). It is worth mentioning that 7-chloro-N(arylselanyl)quinolin-4-amine 5b presented excellent results, demonstrating a better antioxidant capacity when compared to the others. Conclusion: According to the obtained results 7-chloro-N(arylselanyl)quinolin-4-amines 5 were synthesized in good yields by the reaction of 4,7-dichloroquinoline with arylselanyl-amines and tolerates different substituents in the arylselanyl moiety. The tested compounds presented significant antioxidant potential in the tests of inhibition of DPPH, ABTS+ and NO radicals, as well as in the FRAP and superoxide dismutase-like activity assays (SOD-Like).

scholarly journals Jojoba Oil: An Updated Comprehensive Review on Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Uses, and Toxicity

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1711
Author(s):  
Heba A. Gad ◽  
Autumn Roberts ◽  
Samirah H. Hamzi ◽  
Haidy A. Gad ◽  
Ilham Touiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Literature Survey ◽  
Jojoba Oil ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Liver Functions ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Use ◽  
Pharmaceutical Uses ◽  
Obesity And Cancer

Jojoba is a widely used medicinal plant that is cultivated worldwide. Its seeds and oil have a long history of use in folklore to treat various ailments, such as skin and scalp disorders, superficial wounds, sore throat, obesity, and cancer; for improvement of liver functions, enhancement of immunity, and promotion of hair growth. Extensive studies on Jojoba oil showed a wide range of pharmacological applications, including antioxidant, anti-acne and antipsoriasis, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antipyretic, analgesic, antimicrobial, and anti-hyperglycemia activities. In addition, Jojoba oil is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry, especially in cosmetics for topical, transdermal, and parenteral preparations. Jojoba oil also holds value in the industry as an anti-rodent, insecticides, lubricant, surfactant, and a source for the production of bioenergy. Jojoba oil is considered among the top-ranked oils due to its wax, which constitutes about 98% (mainly wax esters, few free fatty acids, alcohols, and hydrocarbons). In addition, sterols and vitamins with few triglyceride esters, flavonoids, phenolic and cyanogenic compounds are also present. The present review represents an updated literature survey about the chemical composition of jojoba oil, its physical properties, pharmacological activities, pharmaceutical and industrial applications, and toxicity.

scholarly journals Quantification of Major Bioactive Constituents, Antioxidant Activity, and Enzyme Inhibitory Effects of Whole Coffee Cherries (Coffea arabica) and Their Extracts

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (14) ◽  
pp. 4306
Author(s):  
Boris Nemzer ◽  
Diganta Kalita ◽  
Nebiyu Abshiru
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Chlorogenic Acids ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Caffeoylquinic Acids ◽  
Dicaffeoylquinic Acid ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Control Of Diabetes

Coffee cherry is a rich source of chlorogenic acids (CGAs) and caffeine. In this study we examined the potential antioxidant activity and enzyme inhibitory effects of whole coffee cherries (WCC) and their two extracts on α-amylase, α-glucosidase and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities, which are targets for the control of diabetes and Alzheimer’s diseases. Whole coffee cherry extract 40% (WCCE1) is rich in chlorogenic acid compounds, consisting of a minimum of 40% major isomers, namely 3-caffeoylquinic acids, 4-caffeoylquinic acids, 5-caffeoylquinic acids, 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 4-feruloylquinc acid, and 5-feruloylquinc acid. Whole coffee cherry extract 70% (WCCE2) is rich in caffeine, with a minimum of 70%. WCCE1 inhibited the activities of digestive enzymes α-amylase and α-glucosidase, and WCCE2 inhibited acetylcholinesterase activities with their IC50 values of 1.74, 2.42, and 0.09 mg/mL, respectively. Multiple antioxidant assays—including DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, ORAC, HORAC, NORAC, and SORAC—demonstrated that WCCE1 has strong antioxidant activity.

scholarly journals Synergistic Antimicrobial Activities of Combinations of Vanillin and Essential Oils of Cinnamon Bark, Cinnamon Leaves and Cloves

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1406
Author(s):  
Rita Cava-Roda ◽  
Amaury Taboada-Rodríguez ◽  
Antonio López-Gómez ◽  
Ginés Benito Martínez-Hernández ◽  
Fulgencio Marín-Iniesta
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Cinnamon Bark ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pure Compounds ◽  
Main Component

Plant bioactive compounds have antimicrobial and antioxidant activities that allow them to be used as a substitute for synthetic chemical additives in both food and food packaging. To improve its sensory and bactericidal effects, its use in the form of effective combinations has emerged as an interesting possibility in the food industry. In this study, the antimicrobial activities of essential oils (EOs) of cinnamon bark, cinnamon leaves, and clove and the pure compounds vanillin, eugenol, and cinnamaldehyde were investigated individually and in combination against Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli O157:H7. The possible interactions of combinations of pure compounds and EOs were performed by the two-dimensional checkerboard assay and isobologram methods. Vanillin exhibited the lowest antimicrobial activity (MIC of 3002 ppm against L. monocytogenes and 2795 ppm against E. coli O157:H7), while clove and cinnamon bark EOs exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity (402–404 against L. monocytogenes and 778–721 against E. coli O157:H7). For L. monocytogenes, pure compound eugenol, the main component of cinnamon leaves and clove, showed lower antimicrobial activity than EOs, which was attributed to the influence of the minor components of the EOs. The same was observed with cinnamaldehyde, the main component of cinnamon bark EO. The combinations of vanillin/clove EO and vanillin/cinnamon bark EO showed the most synergistic antimicrobial effect. The combination of the EOs of cinnamon bark/clove and cinnamon bark/cinnamon leaves showed additive effect against L. monocytogenes but indifferent effect against E. coli O157:H7. For L. monocytogenes, the best inhibitory effects were achieved by cinnamon bark EO (85 ppm)/vanillin (910 ppm) and clove EO (121 ppm)/vanillin (691 ppm) combinations. For E. coli, the inhibitory effects of clove EO (104 ppm)/vanillin (1006 ppm) and cinnamon leaves EO (118 ppm)/vanillin (979 ppm) combinations were noteworthy. Some of the tested combinations increased the antimicrobial effect and would allow the effective doses to be reduced, thereby offering possible new applications for food and active food packaging.

scholarly journals Antioxidant, Antimicrobial Activities and Fatty Acid Components of Flower, Leaf, Stem and Seed of Hypericum scabrum

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1100601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Shafaghat
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Hexane Extracts ◽  
Hypericum Scabrum ◽  
Different Parts

The hexane extracts of flower, leaf, stem, and seed of Hypericum scabrum, which were collected from northwestern Iran, were obtained by extraction in a Soxhlet apparatus. The fatty acids were converted to methyl esters and determined by gas chromatography/flame ionization detector (GC/FID) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) systems. The hexane extract from the flower, leaf, stem, and seed contained 39.1%, 43.2%, 29.0%, and 37.6% of omega-3 fatty acids, respectively. The other main components of the flower extract were tetracosane (12.2%) and palmitic acid (9.3%), and that of the leaf extract was palmitic acid (7.4%). The stem and seed extracts contained bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (18.7% and 35.7%), nonacosane (11.7% and 3.9%) and linoleic acid (6.5% and 6.9%) as major components. The hexane extracts of different parts from H. scabrum represent an important source of omega-3 fatty acids in several Hypericum species. The antioxidant activity of all hexane extracts was evaluated by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method. The results indicate that hexane extracts from different parts of H. scabrum possess considerable antioxidant activity. The highest radical scavenging activity was detected in seed, which had an IC50 = 165 μg/mL. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts of those samples were determined against seven Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria ( Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae), as well as three fungi ( Candida albicans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Aspergillus niger). The bioassay showed that the oil exhibited moderate antimicrobial activity. This study reveals that the all parts of this plant are attractive sources of fatty acid components, especially the essential ones, as well as of effective natural antioxidants.

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