Acaricidal Properties of Herbal Extracts against Deltamethrin Resistant Multi-host Cattle Tick Hyalomma anatolicum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.P. Shyma ◽  
Veer Singh ◽  
H.R. Parsani ◽  
V. Solanki ◽  
M.M. Pawar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Hyalomma Anatolicum ◽  
Gujarat State ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Level I ◽  
Emergence Of Resistance

Background: Hyalomma ticks are the major ticks prevalent in Gujarat state which are mainly controlled with chemical acaricides. The control strategies are complicated by emergence of resistance against chemical acaricides. Development of resistance against these acaricides has compelled scientists to explore the acaricidal properties of constituents other than chemicals. Methods: Resistance status of Hyalomma anatolicum collected from Gujarat (India) against deltamethrin was assessed by larval packet test, which revealed level I resistance against deltamethrin. The crude ethanolic extracts of leaves of Cymbopogon citratus, Citrus aurantiifolia, Annona squamosa, Carica papaya and Catharanthus roseus were assessed for their acaricidal activity against larvae of deltamethrin resistant H. anatolicum. The efficacy was assessed by measuring per cent larval mortality and determination of LC50 values. Result: Various ethanolic extracts emanated a concentration dependent increase in larval tick mortality. The highest mortality (93.01 ± 0.35%) was observed with the 100mg/ml concentration of ethanolic extract of leaves of C. aurantiifolia. Overall, C. aurantifolia, A. squamosa and C. citratus were found to have significant acaricidal properties with LC95 values of 1.07x102 mg/ml, 6.09x102 mg/ml and 3.62x103 mg/ml respectively. Results of the present study indicated that these plant extracts have potential to be developed as herbal acaricides.

scholarly journals Larvicidal Activity of Native Plant Extracts From the Araripe National Forest on Aedes aegypti

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Francisco R. de Azevedo ◽  
Glauber C. Maciel ◽  
Gilberto B. Oliveira e Silva ◽  
Francisco de O. Mesquita ◽  
Antonio C. Leite Alves
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Chemical Insecticide ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Different Doses

Aiming to verify the insecticidal potential of 16 native plants from the Araripe National Forest (ANFO) on L3 Aedes aegypti larvae in laboratory conditions, were researches performed in controlled conditions of temperature, air relative humidity and photophase, in a type B.O.D. climatized chamber, executed in period from August/2016 to May/2017. The adopted experimental design was completely randomized, represented by ethanolic extracts obtained from 16 native plants, besides the witness without application and with pyriproxyfen as chemical insecticide, conducted with four replicates in each plant extract. The application of the extracts was performed only once, and at 24, 48 and 72 hours, after the infestation, was determined the effects of the extracts on larval mortality. The extracts of Amargoso, oil’tree, Lacre, Cajui, Louro smelling, Field Rosemary, Murici truthful, Janaguba and laranjinha provoke mortality above of 90% to the larvae of Aedes aegypti after three days of exposure, in the dose of 50 mL of the extracts. After 24 hours of exposure, the ethanolic extracts from barks and leaves of Field Rosemary and of laranjinha killed all the larvae. On the other hand, the extracts with higher larvicide potential were evaluated at different doses (i.e., 12.5, 25, and 50 mL/L) in a 9 × 3 factorial scheme, with four replicates. The ethanolic extract of the leaves of Louro smelling is the most efficient, because in any dosage it eliminates all the larvae of Aedes aegypti, thus demonstrating to be an excellent vegetable larvicide in the control of this vector after three days of exposure, whereas the bark extract of the oil’tree is the least effective. The alkaloids and flavonoids are present in the leaves of the Louro smelling.

scholarly journals Anti-bacterial Effect of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of Onion, Garlic and Cinnamon on Xanthomonas Species

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
Amir Hussain ◽  
Tahir Naqqash ◽  
Syed Bilal Hussain ◽  
Shahid Masood Shah ◽  
Ghulam Shabir
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
Xanthomonas Axonopodis ◽  
Cinnamon Extract ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts

Onion (Allium cepa), garlic (Allium sativum) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) are edible herbs but they contain many chemicals which can be used as medicine. These herbs also contain many antibiotic molecules that are capable to inhibit or reduce growth of many types of microbes including bacteria. Due to the development of resistance of bacteria against synthetic antibiotic now there is a need to have natural antibiotic which must be harmless, cheap and easily available. To know the effectiveness of garlic, onion, and cinnamon on disease causing bacteria such as Xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, extracts of each sample was made in water and ethanol. Antibacterial potential of plant extracts was observed at two different stages: at the time of inoculation and after growth of pathogen on media. Results showed extracts applied on all the bacteria before growth inhibited maximum bacterial growth as compared to applied after growth. Moreover, cinnamon extract in ethanol effectively control bacterial growth than onion and garlic extracts. Maximum inhibition zone was shown by ethanolic extract of cinnamon before growth of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (7.333 mm), Xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum (7.83 mm) and Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (5.1 mm). After 24 hours, maximum growth of Xanthomonas oryzae and Xanthomonas axonopodis was inhibited by ethanolic extracts of cinnamon (2.82 and 3.35 mm, respectively) while Xanthomonas campestris was inhibited by ethanolic extract of onion (6.55 mm). Extract diluted from 66mg/ml to 0.01mg/ml showed different minimum inhibitory concentration against pathogens. As concentration decreases inhibition of bacteria also decreases. Ethanolic extracts of cinnamon showed maximum MIC against Xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum (3.5 mm to 1.5 mm) and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (5 mm to 2 mm) while for Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri ethanolic extract of garlic (3 mm to 1 mm) was effective ranging between 66mg/ml to 33 mg/ml. This study highlighted that natural products possess ability to inhibit pathogenic bacterial growth and would also be helpful in medicinal field for further study.

scholarly journals Phytochemical profile of cansanção nettle extracts and their bioactivities on cabbage caterpillar

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (10) ◽  
pp. 841-848
Author(s):  
Moisés Felix de Carvalho Neto ◽  
Rita de Cássia Rodrigues Gonçalves Gervásio ◽  
Edigênia Cavalcante da Cruz Araújo ◽  
Jadson Cardoso de Almeida ◽  
Amanda Leite Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Deterrent Effect ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Larval Phase ◽  
Leaf Consumption ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Anthracene Derivatives ◽  
Phytochemical Profile

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the phytochemical profile and bioactivity of extracts of Brazilian stinging (“cansanção”) nettle (Cnidoscolus urens) on cabbage caterpillar (Ascia monuste orseis). Mortality, larval stage duration, pupal viability and mass, percentage of deformed pupae, and feeding preference were evaluated. The constituent classes of the ethanolic extracts were also identified by analytical thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Ethanolic extracts of leaves and roots at 2% (m/v) and aqueous extract of roots at 20% (m/v) prolonged the larval phase of the insect. The ethanolic extract of leaves at 2% reduced pupal viability, and pupae from all treatments showed reduced masses and generated deformed adults. Except for the ethanolic extract of stem at 2% (m/v), all other extracts showed a deterrent effect on A. monuste orseis larvae. The phytochemical analysis of ethanolic extracts showed the major presence of phenolic compounds, naphthoquinones, anthraquinones, coumarins, anthracene derivatives, terpenes, and steroids, as well as tannins. Aqueous extracts at 20% concentration and ethanolic extracts at 2% of leaves, stems, and roots of cansanção nettle cause larval mortality and also reduce leaf consumption, pupal viability, and pupal mass of A. monuste orseis.

scholarly journals Anticancer effects of the combined Thai noni juice ethanolic extracts and 5-fluorouracil against cholangiocarcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeerati Prompipak ◽  
Thanaset Senawong ◽  
Banchob Sripa ◽  
Albert J. Ketterman ◽  
Suppawit Utaiwat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nude Mice ◽  
Combination Treatment ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Xenograft Model ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Model Combination ◽  
Mouse Xenograft Model ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts

AbstractApplication of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is limited by adverse side effects and chemoresistance. Therefore, the combination therapy of 5-FU with other substances, especially natural products may provide a new strategy for CCA treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the combination effects of 5-FU and two ethanolic extracts of Thai noni juice (TNJ) products on CCA cell lines and nude mice xenografts. The results of antiproliferative assay showed the combination treatment of 5-FU and each TNJ ethanolic extract exerted more cytotoxicity on CCA cells than either single agent treatment. Synergistic effects of drug combinations can enable the dose reduction of 5-FU. The mechanism underlying a combination treatment was apoptosis induction through an activation of p53 and Bax proteins. In the nude mouse xenograft model, combination treatments of 5-FU with each TNJ ethanolic extract suppressed the growth of CCA cells implanted mice more than single agent treatments with no effects on mouse body weight, kidney, and spleen. Moreover, low doses of TNJ ethanolic extracts reduced the hepatotoxicity of 5-FU in nude mice. Taken together, these data suggested that the ethanolic extracts of TNJ products can enhance the anti-CCA effect and reduce toxicity of 5-FU.

scholarly journals Betel (Piper betle L.) leaf ethanolic extracts dechlorophyllized using different methods: antioxidant and antibacterial activities, and application for shelf-life extension of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fillets

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (29) ◽  
pp. 17630-17641
Author(s):  
Mohamed Tagrida ◽  
Soottawat Benjakul
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Life Extension ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Refrigerated Storage ◽  
Betel Leaf ◽  
Nile Tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts

Betel leaf ethanolic extract dechlorophyllized using sedimentation (BLEE-SED) exhibited enhanced antioxidant and antibacterial activities. BLEE-SED could extend the shelf-life of Nile tilapia fillets during refrigerated storage (4 °C) up to 9 days.

scholarly journals Changes in Human Erythrocyte Membrane Exposed to Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts from Uncaria tomentosa

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3189
Author(s):  
Piotr Duchnowicz ◽  
Radosław Pilarski ◽  
Jaromir Michałowicz ◽  
Bożena Bukowska
Keyword(s):  
Erythrocyte Membrane ◽  
Human Erythrocyte ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Blood Purification ◽  
Human Erythrocyte Membrane ◽  
Uncaria Tomentosa ◽  
Erythrocyte Shape ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Erythrocyte Membrane Fluidity ◽  
Erythrocyte Plasma Membrane

Uncaria tomentosa (Willd.) DC is a woody climber species originating from South and Central America that has been used in the therapy of asthma, rheumatism, hypertension, and blood purification. Our previous study showed that U. tomentosa extracts altered human erythrocyte shape, which could be due to incorporation of the compounds contained in extracts into the erythrocyte membrane. The aim of the present study was to determine how the compounds contained in U. tomentosa extracts incorporate into the human erythrocyte membrane. The study has assessed the effect of aqueous and ethanolic extracts from leaves and bark of U. tomentosa on the osmotic resistance of the human erythrocyte, the viscosity of erythrocyte interior, and the fluidity of erythrocyte plasma membrane. Human erythrocytes were incubated with the studied extracts in the concentrations of 100, 250, and 500 µg/mL for 2, 5, and 24 h. All extracts tested caused a decrease in erythrocyte membrane fluidity and increased erythrocyte osmotic sensitivity. The ethanolic extracts from the bark and leaves increased viscosity of the erythrocytes. The largest changes in the studied parameters were observed in the cells incubated with bark ethanolic extract. We consider that the compounds from U. tomentosa extracts mainly build into the outer, hydrophilic monolayer of the erythrocyte membrane, thus protecting the erythrocytes against the adverse effects of oxidative stress.

Phytochemical Screening and Larvicidal Assessment of Bellyache Bush (Jatropha gossypiifolia) Leaf Extracts Against Culex quinquefasciatus Larvae

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
J.H. Buduwara ◽  
T. Adiel ◽  
R. Sami ◽  
M.L. Tafem
Keyword(s):  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Fourth Stage ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract ◽  
Jatropha Gossypiifolia

The development of resistance by Culex mosquitoes to synthetic insecticides has necessitated the continued search for alternative ones from plants. This study screened the preliminary qualitative phytochemicals and assessed the larvicidal efficacy of extracts of J. gossypiifolia leaf against third and fourth stage Culex quinquefasciatus larvae. The J. gossypiifolia was screened for the presence of phytochemicals using standard methods. After twenty-four (24) hours post exposure of both third and fourth stage C. quinquefasciatus larvae against different concentrations, (2.0mg/ml, 4.0mg/ml, 6.0mg/ml, 8.0mg/ml and 10 mg/ml) of various extracts. It showed that larval mortality increases significantly (p<0.05) with increase in extracts concentration. Acetone leaf extract showed highest mortality at 10mg/ml with 85% third stage Culex larvae mortality, followed by ethanolic leaf extract. However, least mortality was observed in n-Hexane leaf extract with 15% larval mortality against fourth stage Culex larvae. Low LC and LC values (3.715mg/ml and 12.490mg/ml) were noticed in 50 90 acetone leaf extract of J. gossypiifolia. The study observed that the highest LC and LC values (9.104mg/ml and 50 90 22.877mg/ml) were noticed in hexane leaf extracts. Conclusively, acetone leaf extract of J. gossypiifolia can be harnessed to control Culex larvae. However, there is a need to ascertain the quantities of bioactive components of J. gossypiifolia and its toxicity to non-target organisms. Keywords: Jatropha gossypiifolia, Phytochemicals, Culex larvae

scholarly journals Larvicidal potencial of Sapindus saponaria (Sapindaceae) against Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) (Acari: Ixodidae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.F. Fernandes ◽  
R.N. Leles ◽  
I.G. Silva ◽  
E.P.S. Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Alternative Control ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Sapindus Saponaria ◽  
Botanical Acaricide

The larvicidal potential of the crude ethanolic extracts (CEE) of the stem peel of Sapindus saponaria was evaluated against Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Lethal concentrations (LC), were calculated by preparing CEE solutions at different concentrations in distilled water. Larvae fasted for 14-21 days were utilized in the bioassays, after incubation of engorged females collected from infested environments frequented by dogs in several neighborhoods of Goiânia, GO. Bioassays were performed in a specially constructed biological chamber for testing botanical acaricides, acclimatized to 27±1ºC, RH>80%. The larvae were counted on filter paper envelopes impregnated with the solutions or distilled water and larval mortality observed after 48h. S. saponaria showed good larvicidal activity (LC50 and LC99 of 1994 and 3922ppm, respectively) and the results demonstrated its potential as a botanical acaricide and an alternative control measure for R. sanguineus.

scholarly journals Acaricidal activity of Amburana cearensis on the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 536-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Caroline dos Santos Dantas ◽  
Andreina de Carvalho Araujo ◽  
Alessandra Gomes Marques Pacheco ◽  
Alexsandro Branco ◽  
Luis Antônio Sangioni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Immersion Test ◽  
Acaricidal Activity ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Test Parameters ◽  
Gradual Dose

ABSTRACT: This experiment was carried out to study the bioacaricidal activity of Amburana cearensis against engorged females of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. The crude ethanolic extract from the leaves of A. cearensis was submitted to partition with organic solvents (hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate) in order of increasing polarity; and evaluated using three treatments at concentrations of 5, 10 and 25mg ml-1. To evaluate the acaricidal activity, engorged females were submitted to the adult immersion test. Parameters analyzed were the weight of females; weight of egg mass; percentage of hatch; reproductive efficiency; expected rate of reproduction; and efficacy. For each extract and concentrating fraction, tests were performed in triplicate. Among all fractions, the hexane (2.5%) achieved the best results in all parameters analyzed: 52.7% of inhibition of oviposition; 39% of hatching rate; 3,271 index of reproductive efficiency; and 67.0% effectiveness. The extract obtained gradual dose response with increasing concentration; and could be used as an aid in the control of R. (B.) microplus therapy.

scholarly journals Motilitas Ascaridia galli Dewasa dalam Larutan Ekstrak Etanol Biji Palem Putri (Veitchia merrillii)

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Ummu Balqis ◽  
Darmawi Darmawi ◽  
Maryam Maryam ◽  
Muslina Muslina ◽  
Abdullah Hamzah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Ascaridia Galli ◽  
Fourth Group ◽  
The Third ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Aqueous Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Normal Controls

ABSTRAK. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui motilitas Ascaridia galli dewasa dalam ekstrak etanol biji Veitchia merrillii. Ekstrak etanol V. merrillii dianalisis fitokimia. Sebanyak 16 ekor cacing A. galli dewasa dibagi kedalam empat kelompok. Cacing pada kelompok pertama adalah kelompok tanpa perlakuan. Cacing pada kelompok kedua diberi 0,6 mg/ml levamisole. Cacing pada masing-masing kelompok ketiga dan keempat diberi 50 dan 100 mg/ml crude ekstrak biji V. merrillii. Motilitas A. galli ditentukan dalam skor persentase setelah 12, 24, 36 jam dengan menggunakan kriteria: 3 (badan bergerak), 2 (hanya sebagian badan bergerak), 1 (tidak bergerak tetapi masih hidup), 0 (mati). Hasil fitokimia V. merrillii mengandung alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids. Ekstrak biji V. merrillii dosis 100 mg/ml secara in vitro dapat mempersingkat selama 12 jam waktu motilitas cacing A. galli dewasa. Penelitian ini mengindikasikan potensi anthelmintik berbasis herbal untuk pengendalian A. galli.  (Motility of Ascaridia galli adult worms in vitro in ethanolic extracts of Nuts Veitchia merrillii) ABSTRACT. The purpose of this research was to know the motility of Ascaridia galli adult worms in aqueous ethanolic extracts of nuts Veitchia merrillii. The ethanolic extract of the V. merrillii was analyzed. Amount of sixteen head A. galli adult worms were divided into four groups. The first group, worms were left as un-treated normal controls. The second group, worms were treated with concentrations of 0,6 mg/ml levamisole. The third and fourth group, worms were treated with crude aqueous ethanolic extract of 50 and 100 mg/ml concentrations nuts of the V. merrillii, respectively. Motility of A. galli were determined after 12, 24, 36 hour by mean of persentage scored using the following criteria: 3 (moving whole body), 2 (moving only parts of the body), 1 (immobile but alive), and 0 (died). The result of phytochemical V. merrillii contains alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, and terpenoids. V. merrillii nuts extract concentrations of 100 mg/ml in vitro can shorten the time motility A. galli adult worms for 12 hours. The study indicated the potential for developing herbal-based anthelmintics to control A. galli.

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