Phytochemical profile of cansanção nettle extracts and their bioactivities on cabbage caterpillar

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the phytochemical profile and bioactivity of extracts of Brazilian stinging (“cansanção”) nettle (Cnidoscolus urens) on cabbage caterpillar (Ascia monuste orseis). Mortality, larval stage duration, pupal viability and mass, percentage of deformed pupae, and feeding preference were evaluated. The constituent classes of the ethanolic extracts were also identified by analytical thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Ethanolic extracts of leaves and roots at 2% (m/v) and aqueous extract of roots at 20% (m/v) prolonged the larval phase of the insect. The ethanolic extract of leaves at 2% reduced pupal viability, and pupae from all treatments showed reduced masses and generated deformed adults. Except for the ethanolic extract of stem at 2% (m/v), all other extracts showed a deterrent effect on A. monuste orseis larvae. The phytochemical analysis of ethanolic extracts showed the major presence of phenolic compounds, naphthoquinones, anthraquinones, coumarins, anthracene derivatives, terpenes, and steroids, as well as tannins. Aqueous extracts at 20% concentration and ethanolic extracts at 2% of leaves, stems, and roots of cansanção nettle cause larval mortality and also reduce leaf consumption, pupal viability, and pupal mass of A. monuste orseis.

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Bioactivity of the organic extracts of Cnidoscolus urens (L.) Arthur (Euphorbiaceae) on the cabbage-caterpillar

Comunicata Scientiae ◽

10.14295/cs.v8i1.2556 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 402-411

Author(s):

Moisés Felix de Carvalho Neto ◽

Rita de Cássia Rodrigues Gonçalves Gervásio ◽

Edigênia Cavalcante da Cruz Araújo ◽

Jadson Cardoso de Almeida ◽

Ana Paula De Oliveira

Keyword(s):

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Chloroform Fraction ◽

Organic Extract ◽

Leaf Consumption ◽

Organic Extracts ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Anthracene Derivatives ◽

Phytochemical Profile ◽

Weight Number

The aim of the current study was to identify the phytochemical profile of several different fractions of the ethanolic extract taken from the cansanção-nettle leaves, as well as assess the bioactivity on Ascia monuste orseis. After gathering the plant samples, the species was identified, and the organic extracts were collected after processing was completed in the laboratory. The fractions obtained were as follows: hexane (Hex-F), chloroform (CHCl3-F), ethyl acetate (AcOEt-F) and methanolic (MeOH-F). In the context of the insect, the biological parameters evaluated included the incubation period, egg viability, length of the larval stage and mortality, pupal viability and weight, number of defective adults and leaf consumption. The extracts revealed a large percentage of anthraquinones, coumarins, anthracene derivatives, terpenes and steroids and water-soluble tannins. All the organic extracts were confirmed to exert a negative effect on the embryonic, larval, pupal and adult phases of the cabbage-caterpillar, implying that the chloroform fraction induced 100% mortality in this pierid. It was also possible to verify that all the fractions also affected the feeding behavior of the cabbage-caterpillar, decreasing the leaf consumption by the larvae during the organic extract treatments.

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Larvicidal Activity of Native Plant Extracts From the Araripe National Forest on Aedes aegypti

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v11n7p105 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 105

Author(s):

Francisco R. de Azevedo ◽

Glauber C. Maciel ◽

Gilberto B. Oliveira e Silva ◽

Francisco de O. Mesquita ◽

Antonio C. Leite Alves

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Native Plants ◽

Larval Mortality ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Bark Extract ◽

National Forest ◽

Native Plant ◽

Chemical Insecticide ◽

Ethanolic Extracts ◽

Different Doses

Aiming to verify the insecticidal potential of 16 native plants from the Araripe National Forest (ANFO) on L3 Aedes aegypti larvae in laboratory conditions, were researches performed in controlled conditions of temperature, air relative humidity and photophase, in a type B.O.D. climatized chamber, executed in period from August/2016 to May/2017. The adopted experimental design was completely randomized, represented by ethanolic extracts obtained from 16 native plants, besides the witness without application and with pyriproxyfen as chemical insecticide, conducted with four replicates in each plant extract. The application of the extracts was performed only once, and at 24, 48 and 72 hours, after the infestation, was determined the effects of the extracts on larval mortality. The extracts of Amargoso, oil’tree, Lacre, Cajui, Louro smelling, Field Rosemary, Murici truthful, Janaguba and laranjinha provoke mortality above of 90% to the larvae of Aedes aegypti after three days of exposure, in the dose of 50 mL of the extracts. After 24 hours of exposure, the ethanolic extracts from barks and leaves of Field Rosemary and of laranjinha killed all the larvae. On the other hand, the extracts with higher larvicide potential were evaluated at different doses (i.e., 12.5, 25, and 50 mL/L) in a 9 × 3 factorial scheme, with four replicates. The ethanolic extract of the leaves of Louro smelling is the most efficient, because in any dosage it eliminates all the larvae of Aedes aegypti, thus demonstrating to be an excellent vegetable larvicide in the control of this vector after three days of exposure, whereas the bark extract of the oil’tree is the least effective. The alkaloids and flavonoids are present in the leaves of the Louro smelling.

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EFFECT OF Gliricidia sepium LEAVES EXTRACTS ON Aedes aegypti: LARVICIDAL ACTIVITY

Journal of Phytology ◽

10.19071/jp.2015.v7.2898 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 26 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Krishnaveni K.V. ◽

ThaiyalNayaki R. ◽

Balasubramanian, G M*.

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Larvicidal Activity ◽

Larval Mortality ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Gliricidia Sepium ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

High Rate ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Health Significance

Mosquitoes are the single most important group of insects in terms of public health significance and causing diseases. They are the vectors for the transmission of many viral pathogens and pose serious threat to human health. Chemical insecticides are widely used but they are non-selective and harmful to beneficial organisms. In the present study G. Sepium leaves extracts were used to analyse its effect against Aedes aegypti, to compare the mortality rate while using different solvent extracts of the leaf, to identify the solvent extract which give high rate of larval mortality and to characterise the compounds present in the corresponding leaf extract using phytochemical analysis. The ethanolic extract of G. sepium leaves constitute flavanoids, steroids, glycoside, carbohydrate and saponins compound. Thus it was found to have an inhibitory effect on the growth of larvae than other solvent extracts. In the statistical analysis highest significant difference was observed between 1.5g/l and 2.0g/l concentration of ethanolic extract and other extracts. However no significant difference was observed in other concentrations. The larvicidal activity of the plant extract may be attributed to the presence of active compounds like terpinoids, saponins and steroids.

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PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF DRIED FRUITS OF SOLANUM TORVUM (FAMILY-SOLANACEAE)

International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.22159/ijcpr.2017.v9i3.19982 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 123

Author(s):

Lawrence Kalita ◽

Biswajit Dash ◽

Uttam Borah ◽

Juman Deka ◽

Suvakanta Dash

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Solanum Torvum ◽

Dried Fruits ◽

Standard Methods ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Ethanolic Extracts ◽

Phytochemical Constituents

Objective: To study the antimicrobial activity ethanolic extracts of dried fruits of Solanumtorvum (family-solanaceae) along with preliminary phytochemical analysis.Methods: The ethanolic extract of dried fruits of the herb Solanumtorvum (family-solanaceae) were prepared and analyzed for phytochemical constituents using standard methods. The antimicrobial activity of the plant extracts were examined against 2 bacterial strains among one is gram positive and other is gram negative and 2 fungus using agar well diffusion method.Results: The present experiment shows the phytochemical analysis, antimicrobial activity of the ethanolic extract of dried fruits of the plant Solanumtorvum (family-solanaceae). Various phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponin, flavonoids, carbohydrates, glycosides, Steroids, proteins and amino acids and tannins. All the extracts of the plant showed antimicrobial activity against most of the test organisms.Conclusion: It can be concluded ethanolic extract of whole aerial parts of the Solanumtorvum (family-solanaceae) contain the high presence of phytochemicals. This extract was found to possess promising antimicrobial activity when compared with the standards.

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Invitro Antimicrobial Activities of Mitracarpus scaber Against Some Common Bacteria of Aquatic Origin

Media Kedokteran Hewan ◽

10.20473/mkh.v32i3.2021.119-130 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 119

Author(s):

Abdullateef Abiodun Ajadi ◽

Benjamin Emikpe ◽

Ahmed Akeem

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Ethanolic Extracts ◽

Zones Of Inhibition ◽

Mitracarpus Scaber

Some plants have been reported to be of medicinal values and reserve some antimicrobial properties. One of such plants is Mitracarpus scaber and its effect on bacterial growth is evaluated. The study aimed at evaluating the phytochemical analyses and antimicrobial potentials of Mitracarpus scaber against aquatic bacteria including Aeromonas, Bacillus, Vibrio and Staphylococcus Spp. Leaves of Mitracarpus scaber were collected, washed and air dried and phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial investigation of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of the leaves were carried out against a panel of bacteria isolated from diseased catfish from various farms. The phytoconstituents detected include saponins, tannins, flavonoids, tarpenoids, steroids, anthraquinones and alkaloids in both aqueous and ethanolic extracts. Both aqueous and ethanolic extracts of M. scaber showed varying degree of antibacterial activities but ethanolic extract showed a higher activity against the pathogens tested. The ethanolic extract had zones of inhibition similar to that of standard antibiotics (enrofloxacin) across all tested microbes. The lowest minimum inhibitory concentration of ethanolic extract of M. scaber was against Bacillus sp with 10mg/ml while the highest was 85mg/ml against Staphylococcus species. The results of the assays showed promising evidences that M. scaber is a potential antibacterial agent against aquatic microbes. However, further studies are recommended to fractionate its constituents and determine the in vitro and in vivo anti-microbial activities and the exact mechanism of action of the constituents.

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The The Phytochemical Screening, Total Phenolic Contents and Antioxidant Activities in Vitro of White Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus Ostreatus) Preparations

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2019.741 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (15) ◽

pp. 2404-2412

Author(s):

Santun Bhekti Rahimah ◽

Dhiah Dianawaty Djunaedi ◽

Arto Yuwono Soeroto ◽

Tatang Bisri

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Ethanolic Extracts ◽

Active Substances

BACKGROUND: The popular commercially cultivated Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom contains very high nutrients and bioactive compounds with high antioxidant activity. The ethanolic extract seems to be the most active in preparation. AIM: This study has an aim to compare the phytochemical analysis of a fresh, dry and ethanolic extract of Pleurotus ostreatus, to measure the total phenolic content and antioxidant activities in vitro of ethanolic extracts of Pleurotus ostreatus. METHODS: The fresh plant's materials (FPM), dry plants materials (DPM), ethanolic extracts were macerated with 70% (EE70) and 96% ethanol (EE96) of Pleurotus ostreatus which were used for phytochemical analysis, and EE96 was used for antioxidant activity in vitro. The phytochemical analysis was conducted using the Dragendorf and Meyer, FeCl3 test, Salkowsky method, Lieberman method, amyl alcohol, foam test and the NaOH reagent. The total phenol test was carried out using the Follin-Ciocalteu method. The antioxidant activity was tested using the ABTS and H2O2 essay. RESULTS: The phytochemical screening showed that the flavonoid, phenolic compounds, tannin, saponin, alkaloids, and steroids were detected in the FPM, DPM, EE70 and also the EE96. The alkaloid, however, was not identified by the Meyer Reagent in the FPM and DPM. The DPM and EE70 seemed to have the highest amount of saponin based on the foam that was formed. Meanwhile, steroids and flavonoids were detected at a higher level in the EE96, based on the strength of visible colour. However, triterpenoid and quinones could not be identified. In the total phenol test, there was an amount of 6.67 μg phenol in a 1 mg extract sample which was equivalent to 1 mg of Gallic Acid. The EE96 has an IC50 of 108.07 μg/mL for ABTS and an IC50 reduction of 229.17 μg/mL. The process of Pleurotus ostreatus drying did not reduce the content of active substances. The polar active substances seem to be more soluble in the EE70 than the EE96. CONCLUSION: The higher the bioactive substances in the preparation, the more significant the bio-therapeutic effects. Ethanolic extract of Pleurotus ostreatus has a phenol content and a good antioxidant action.

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Acaricidal Properties of Herbal Extracts against Deltamethrin Resistant Multi-host Cattle Tick Hyalomma anatolicum

Indian Journal of Animal Research ◽

10.18805/ijar.b-4260 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

K.P. Shyma ◽

Veer Singh ◽

H.R. Parsani ◽

V. Solanki ◽

M.M. Pawar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Control Strategies ◽

Larval Mortality ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Cattle Tick ◽

Hyalomma Anatolicum ◽

Gujarat State ◽

Development Of Resistance ◽

Ethanolic Extracts ◽

Level I ◽

Emergence Of Resistance

Background: Hyalomma ticks are the major ticks prevalent in Gujarat state which are mainly controlled with chemical acaricides. The control strategies are complicated by emergence of resistance against chemical acaricides. Development of resistance against these acaricides has compelled scientists to explore the acaricidal properties of constituents other than chemicals. Methods: Resistance status of Hyalomma anatolicum collected from Gujarat (India) against deltamethrin was assessed by larval packet test, which revealed level I resistance against deltamethrin. The crude ethanolic extracts of leaves of Cymbopogon citratus, Citrus aurantiifolia, Annona squamosa, Carica papaya and Catharanthus roseus were assessed for their acaricidal activity against larvae of deltamethrin resistant H. anatolicum. The efficacy was assessed by measuring per cent larval mortality and determination of LC50 values. Result: Various ethanolic extracts emanated a concentration dependent increase in larval tick mortality. The highest mortality (93.01 ± 0.35%) was observed with the 100mg/ml concentration of ethanolic extract of leaves of C. aurantiifolia. Overall, C. aurantifolia, A. squamosa and C. citratus were found to have significant acaricidal properties with LC95 values of 1.07x102 mg/ml, 6.09x102 mg/ml and 3.62x103 mg/ml respectively. Results of the present study indicated that these plant extracts have potential to be developed as herbal acaricides.

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Anti-snake Venom Activity of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of Crinum jagus Bulb

Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry ◽

10.9734/ajrb/2018/v2i2455 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

A. H. Zailani ◽

P. K. Magaji ◽

S. Sarkiyayi ◽

A. U. Wurochekke

Keyword(s):

Snake Venom ◽

Column Chromatography ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Design Evaluation ◽

Control Group ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Crude Extracts ◽

University Of Technology ◽

Ethanolic Extracts

Aim: To determine the anti-snake venom effect of crude aqueous and ethanolic extracts and separated fractions of Crinum jagus bulb on rats injected with Echis ocellatus venom. Study Design: Evaluation of LD50 of venom, anti-lethal effects of different extract preparations and their effect on neutralising haemorrhage; the hallmark of Echis ocellatus venom toxicity. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry laboratory, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola, Nigeria between March and October 2017. Methodology: venom was collected by the milking method. Fractionation of crude extracts was done by column chromatography separately with benzene/methanol, acetic acid/methanol and ethyl acetate/methanol. Thirty rats were used determine LD50 of venom while twenty-four albino rats were used in the anti-venom study; divided into 6 groups of 4 rats each. Group one served as the normal control, group two served as venom untreated control while groups 3, 4, 5 and 6 were injected with 0.2 mg/mL Echis ocellatus venom and treated with 200 mg/kg body weight crude extracts, fractions I, II and III respectively then observed for 24 hours. Results: LD50 of venom was found to be 5 mg/mL; column chromatography of crude extracts gave three fractions each designated I, II and III respectively. Phytochemical analysis of both crude aqueous and ethanolic extract of Crinum jagus bulb revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, tannins and phenolics. Only fraction III of both aqueous and ethanolic extract maintained all phytochemicals from the crude. Both extracts and their fractions were all able to neutralise the venom. For the aqueous extract, the crude extract and fraction III gave the best result while for the ethanolic extract, fractions II and III caused the best neutralisation. Conclusion: Crinum jagus bulb has demonstrated significant anti-venom activity, this can be exploited for the development of new anti-snake venom drugs.

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EVALUATION OF AQUEOUS AND ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF SYZYGIUM CARYOPHYLLATUM FOR ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i2.21687 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 235

Author(s):

Raghunath Pendru ◽

Jagan Nadipelly ◽

Jyothinath Kothapalli ◽

Subbannayya Kotigadde

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Shigella Flexneri ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Soxhlet Apparatus ◽

Ethanolic Extracts

Objective: It has been well documented that traditional medicinal plants confer considerable antimicrobial activity against various microorganisms.Methods: The present study was designed to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the leaves of Syzygium caryophyllatum against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Shigella flexneri, and Vibrio cholerae. The aqueous extract was prepared using cold percolation method, and ethanolic extract was prepared in Soxhlet apparatus using ethyl alcohol. Antimicrobial activity is being determined by time-kill assay and minimum inhibitory concentration.Results: From our study, it is found that all tested organisms were sensitive to both aqueous and ethanolic extract of leaves of S. caryophyllatum. The ethanolic extract showed better antibacterial activity against S. aureus and S. typhi when compare to aqueous extract. The phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, phenols, tannins, and saponins in the ethanolic and aqueous extract of S. caryophyllatum. Conclusion: We hypothesize that these active phytoconstitutents might be responsible for the antimicrobial activity of this plant.

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Phytochemical and Antibacterial Screening of Euphorbia thymifolia Linn and Cassia alata Linn Species in the Province of Abra, Philippines: An Alternative Source of Antibiotics

JPAIR Multidisciplinary Research ◽

10.7719/jpair.v26i1.415 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nero M. Paderes ◽

Divinia Borgona Eloisan

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Alternative Source ◽

Cassia Alata ◽

Antibacterial Screening ◽

Ethanolic Extracts

Plants have been aiding humanity around the world by serving as an abundant source of valuable drugs, antibiotics, nourishment, spices, seasonings, dyes, and other commercial and industrial products. The study investigated the antibacterial activity and phytochemical screening of Cassia alata Linn and Euphorbia thymifolia Linn ethanolic extracts against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The research was laid out using Complete Randomized Design (CRD) which was replicated three times. Varying concentrations of Cassia alata Linn and Euphorbia thymifolia Linn ethanolic extracts at 75%, 50% and 25% concentrations were utilized for the antimicrobial assay using the Kirby Bauer method. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of phenolics in both plants and some other bioactive components that have been found in vitro to have antibacterial properties. Statistical analysis using ANOVA and DMRT at .05 level of significance shows that among the two plants tested, Euphorbia thymifolia Linn ethanolic extract at 75% concentration exhibited a significant mean diameter of zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Further laboratory analysis and testing should be conducted through the Bureau of Food and Drugs (BFAD) for further confirmatory results.

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