scholarly journals Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Under The Kyoto Protocol: The South African Example

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Luiz ◽  
Eugene Muller
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
South African ◽  
Kyoto Protocol ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
The South ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Do So

Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and its contribution to global warming has become an increasing concern to the international community. Although launched in 1997, the Kyoto Protocol only came into force in February 2005, with the goal to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions globally. This resulted in the establishment of a Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) which involves emissions in developing countries such as South Africa, giving them an opportunity to benefit financially when reducing GHG emissions voluntarily. The qualitative research approach used in this study gain inputs from experts in the CDM process in the South African environment so as to examine factors impacting on the viability of these projects. With the current outlook, this study suggests that there is a relatively high likelihood that the CDM would have the desired effect of reducing GHG emissions from existing South African industry and other developing countries given the incentive to do so.

scholarly journals National Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory – Romania

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian PROOROCU ◽  
Sorin DEACONU ◽  
Mihaela SMARANDACHE
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Kyoto Protocol ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Great Probability ◽  
Emissions Inventory ◽  
National Inventory ◽  
Commitment Period ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

As a Party to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), and its Kyoto Protocol, Romania is required to elaborate, regularly update and submit the national GHG Inventory. In compliance with the reporting requirements, Romania submitted in 2010 its ninth version of the National Inventory Report (NIR) covering the national inventories of GHG emissions/removals for the period 1989-2008. The inventories cover all sectors: Energy, Industrial Processes, Solvent and other product use, Agriculture, LULUCF and Waste. The direct GHGs included in the national inventory are: Carbon dioxide (CO2); Methane (CH4); Nitrous oxide (N2O); Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs); Perfluorocarbons (PFCs); Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6). The emissions trend over the 1989-2008 period reflects the changes characterized by a process of transition to a market economy. With the entire economy in transition, some energy intensive industries reduced their activities and this is reflected in the GHG emissions reduction. Energy represents the most important sector in Romania, accounting for about 69% of the total national GHG emissions in 2008. The most significant anthropogenic greenhouse gas is the carbon dioxide. The decrease of CO2 emissions is caused by the decline of the amount of fossil fuels burnt in the energy sector, as a consequence of activity decline. According to the figures, there is a great probability for Romania to meet the Kyoto Protocol commitments on the limitation of the GHG emissions in the 2008-2012 commitment period.

Applying Remotely Sensed Data to Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emission and Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)

2014 ◽  
Vol 1010-1012 ◽  
pp. 1258-1261
Author(s):  
Lu Zhang ◽  
Run He Shi ◽  
Jing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Kyoto Protocol ◽  
Clean Development Mechanism ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Remotely Sensed ◽  
Remotely Sensed Data ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Development Mechanism

"Kyoto Protocol" came into force on the February 16th, 2005. It introduced rules on the responsibilities of reducing greenhouse gas emission so as to alleviate and deal with problems caused by climate change. Among the three fulfillment mechanisms in "Kyoto Protocol", the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is the only one related to developing countries. As one of the most important developing countries in the world, it is urgent for China to make rational use of the CDM to support its high-speed economic development. At this point, nation-scale carbon related data are critical. This paper introduced the acquisition of soil, vegetation and land use/land cover data at a large scale using remotely sensed data and the simulation of carbon sink/source by means of ecosystem models. Remotely sensed data play an important role in the extraction of qualitative and quantitative information for CDM related researches and activities.

scholarly journals Fisheries: A Missing Link in Greenhouse Gas Emission Policies in South Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 5858
Author(s):  
Kyumin Kim ◽  
Do-Hoon Kim ◽  
Yeonghye Kim
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Bioeconomic Model ◽  
Negative Externalities ◽  
Fishing Vessel ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Fishing Vessels ◽  
The Government ◽  
Different Levels

Recent studies demonstrate that fisheries are massive contributors to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The average Korean fishing vessel is old, fuel-inefficient, and creates a large volume of emissions. Yet, there is little research on how to address the GHG emissions in Korean fisheries. This study estimated the change in GHG emissions and emission costs at different levels of fishing operations using a steady-state bioeconomic model based on the case of the Anchovy Tow Net Fishery (ATNF) and the Large Purse Seine Fishery (LPSF). We conclude that reducing the fishing efforts of the ATNF and LPSF by 37% and 8% respectively would not only eliminate negative externalities on the anchovy and mackerel stock respectively, but also mitigate emissions and emission costs in the fishing industry. To limit emissions, we propose that the Korean government reduce fishing efforts through a vessel-buyback program and set an annual catch limit. Alternatively, the government should provide loans for modernizing old fishing vessels or a subsidy for installing emission abatement equipment to reduce the excessive emissions from Korean fisheries.

Effects of strategic tillage on short-term erosion, nutrient loss in runoff and greenhouse gas emissions

Soil Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 201 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Melland ◽  
D. L. Antille ◽  
Y. P. Dang
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Nutrient Losses ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Occasional strategic tillage (ST) of long-term no-tillage (NT) soil to help control weeds may increase the risk of water, erosion and nutrient losses in runoff and of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions compared with NT soil. The present study examined the short-term effect of ST on runoff and GHG emissions in NT soils under controlled-traffic farming regimes. A rainfall simulator was used to generate runoff from heavy rainfall (70mmh–1) on small plots of NT and ST on a Vertosol, Dermosol and Sodosol. Nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) fluxes from the Vertosol and Sodosol were measured before and after the rain using passive chambers. On the Sodosol and Dermosol there was 30% and 70% more runoff, respectively, from ST plots than from NT plots, however, volumes were similar between tillage treatments on the Vertosol. Erosion was highest after ST on the Sodosol (8.3tha–1 suspended sediment) and there were no treatment differences on the other soils. Total nitrogen (N) loads in runoff followed a similar pattern, with 10.2kgha–1 in runoff from the ST treatment on the Sodosol. Total phosphorus loads were higher after ST than NT on both the Sodosol (3.1 and 0.9kgha–1, respectively) and the Dermosol (1.0 and 0.3kgha–1, respectively). Dissolved nutrient forms comprised less than 13% of total losses. Nitrous oxide emissions were low from both NT and ST in these low-input systems. However, ST decreased CH4 absorption from both soils and almost doubled CO2 emissions from the Sodosol. Strategic tillage may increase the susceptibility of Sodosols and Dermosols to water, sediment and nutrient losses in runoff after heavy rainfall. The trade-offs between weed control, erosion and GHG emissions should be considered as part of any tillage strategy.

scholarly journals Factors influencing the adoption of free and open-source software for electronic records management by municipalities in Gauteng Province, South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 43-54
Author(s):  
Mahlatse Shekgola ◽  
Jan Maluleka ◽  
Antonio Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Open Source ◽  
South African ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Electronic Records ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Records Management ◽  
The South ◽  
Proprietary Software ◽  
Electronic Records Management

The South African cabinet adopted policy recommendations from the Government Information Technology Officer's Council pertaining to Free and Open-Source Software (FOSS). Even though the South African Cabinet has shown support for the use of FOSS through the enactment of a policy, the adoption of open source software in electronic records management seems to be slow. Proprietary software continues to be adopted and used by most public institutions, including local and provincial municipalities in South Africa. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate factors that may influence the adoption and use of FOSS for electronic records management by South African municipalities. The study adopted a qualitative research approach to collect data from 10 purposively selected municipalities in Gauteng. Data were analysed and presented thematically to address the research question. The findings of this study suggest that municipalities in Gauteng are not adopting FOSS for electronic records management as expected. This study established that top management support, reliability, affordability of the software, inadequate capability, contracts with proprietary software providers, organisational culture and organisational support are some of the factors that contributed to the low uptake when it comes to the adoption of Free and Open-Source Software by the municipalities.

scholarly journals Curriculum Development of an ICT4D Module in the South African Context

10.28945/2181 ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 111-139
Author(s):  
Caroline Khene
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
South African ◽  
Information And Communication Technology ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
South African Context ◽  
The South ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
African Context ◽  
Discipline Knowledge

The significance of ICTs in supporting socio-economic development in developing countries is inevitable. As academics of information systems in developing countries, we cannot ignore the need for teaching and building the capacity of our students to become knowledgeable and skilled in Information and Communication Technology for Development (ICT4D) practice and discourse. Furthermore, it is vital to equip our students with the ability to apply their discipline knowledge in addressing some of the ICT discrepancies in current ICT4D practice in their own context. I introduced and teach the ICT4D module to the Honours level course at my university in South Africa. This paper explores the factors that have influenced and shaped the development of the ICT4D module curriculum in the South African context I teach in, using a qualitative ethnographic lens and theoretical study. This provides a practice lens to motivate for and support the introduction of an ICT4D module in tertiary curricula in developing countries.

Impacts of Government Policies, Fuel Cell Cost, and Battery Cost on Greenhouse Gas Emission of Light-Duty Vehicles

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swithin S. Razu ◽  
Shun Takai
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Alternative Fuel Vehicles ◽  
Enterprise Model ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this paper is to study the impact of public government policies, fuel cell cost, and battery cost on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the US transportation sector. The model includes a government model and an enterprise model. To examine the effect on GHG emissions that fuel cell and battery cost has, the optimization model includes public policy, fuel cell and battery cost, and a market mix focusing on the GHG effects of four different types of vehicles, 1) gasoline-based 2) gasoline-electric hybrid or alternative-fuel vehicles (AFVs), 3) battery-electric (BEVs) and 4) fuel-cell vehicles (FCVs). The public policies taken into consideration are infrastructure investments for hydrogen fueling stations and subsidies for purchasing AFVs. For each selection of public policy, fuel cell cost and battery cost in the government model, the enterprise model finds the optimum vehicle design that maximizes profit and updates the market mix, from which the government model can estimate GHG emissions. This paper demonstrates the model using FCV design as an illustrative example.

Fuel reduction burning mitigates wildfire effects on forest carbon and greenhouse gas emission

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liubov Volkova ◽  
C. P. Mick Meyer ◽  
Simon Murphy ◽  
Thomas Fairman ◽  
Fabienne Reisen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Forest Carbon ◽  
Fuel Reduction ◽  
Emission Mitigation ◽  
Complete Combustion ◽  
Eucalyptus Forest ◽  
Eastern Australia

A high-intensity wildfire burnt through a dry Eucalyptus forest in south-eastern Australia that had been fuel reduced with fire 3 months prior, presenting a unique opportunity to measure the effects of fuel reduction (FR) on forest carbon and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from wildfires at the start of the fuel accumulation cycle. Less than 3% of total forest carbon to 30-cm soil depth was transferred to the atmosphere in FR burning; the subsequent wildfire transferred a further 6% to the atmosphere. There was a 9% loss in carbon for the FR–wildfire sequence. In nearby forest, last burnt 25 years previously, the wildfire burning transferred 16% of forest carbon to the atmosphere and was characterised by more complete combustion of all fuels and less surface charcoal deposition, compared with fuel-reduced forest. Compared to the fuel-reduced forests, release of non-CO2 GHG doubled following wildfire in long-unburnt forest. Although this is the maximum emission mitigation likely within a planned burning cycle, it suggests a significant potential for FR burns to mitigate GHG emissions in forests at high risk from wildfires.

scholarly journals A micro-level outcomes evaluation of a skills capacity intervention within the South African public service: Towards an impact evaluation

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petronella Jonck ◽  
Riaan De Coning ◽  
Paul S. Radikonyana
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
The South ◽  
Training Interventions ◽  
Outcomes Evaluation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Previous Training

Orientation: Interest in measuring the impact of skills development interventions has increased in recent years. Research purpose: This article reports on an outcomes evaluation under the ambit of an impact assessment with reference to a research methodology workshop. Motivation of the study: A paucity of studies could be found measuring the workshop outcomes, especially within the public service as it pertains to training interventions. Research approach/design and method: A pretest–post-test research design was implemented. A paired-sample t-test was used to measure the knowledge increase while controlling for the influence of previous training by means of an analysis of variance and multiple regression analysis. Main findings: Results indicated that the increase in research methodology knowledge was statistically significant. Previous training influenced the model only by 0.8%, which was not statistically significant. Practical/managerial implications: It is recommended that the suggested framework and methodology be utilised in future research as well as in monitoring and evaluation endeavours covering various training interventions. Contribution/value add: The study provides evidence of the impact generated by a training intervention, within the South African Public Service. Thus, addressing a research gap in the corpus of knowledge.

scholarly journals Talent management in the South African construction industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sydwell Shikweni ◽  
Willem Schurink ◽  
Rene Van Wyk
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
South African ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Talent Management ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
The South ◽  
Business Outcomes ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Value Add

Orientation: The South African construction industry is constrained by the shortage of a skilled workforce due to global competition and insufficient graduate output. There is a need to evolve attract and retain the most valuable talent.Research purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate talent management in a prominent South African internationally operating construction company. The objective is to develop a framework for enhancement of talent management practices.Motivation for the study: The South African construction industry’s inability to retain talent, hampers global competitiveness and productivity. Talent shortages need to be addressed at a strategic level to remain competitive.Research approach/design and method: A qualitative research approach examined a single South African construction organisation in the Gauteng Province. Grounded theory was used to analyse data generated from interviews, participant observations and company documents.Main findings: Firstly, talent management in the construction industry supposes mutual actions from the organisation and its talented employees. Secondly, internal enablers drive business outcomes by in alignment with a well-crafted strategy. Thirdly, a regulatory framework should acknowledge labour market dynamics and diversity. Fourthly, internal and external enablers should be taken into consideration. Finally, effective implementation of talent management practices yields talent sustainability and competitiveness.Practical/managerial implications: The two conceptual frameworks developed indicate: (1) key factors that play a role in talent management, and (2) the interface between talented employees and the organisation.Contributions/value-add: The findings provide two proposed frameworks that could guide leadership to devise an enabling global competitive talent management environment in the construction industry.

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