scholarly journals Instability of terms of employment of scientific and pedagogical personnel as a factor of formation of the academic precariat

POPULATION ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 103-114
Author(s):  
Natalia Faiman
Keyword(s):  
Academic Staff ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Academic Profession ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Russian Scientific ◽  
Employment Conditions ◽  
Research Organizations ◽  
Time Work ◽  
The Status

The article discusses the factors of changing the employment conditions of scientific and pedagogical workers in the conditions of transformation of Russian scientific research organizations. The precarization of scientific and pedagogical personnel is not specific to the Russian Federation; it is inscribed in the global trend. However, there are also prerequisites associated with the transformation of post-Soviet science and education. The factors for this kind of precarization are fixed-term contracts, regular professional extension is required to continue professional activities, and the contract term itself is an indication of the status of the employee; insufficient pay, its instability and dependence on an effective contract and other external factors; multiple jobs; terms of an effective contract; increase in extracurricular workload of teachers, including administrative; grant system for financing research; increase in extracurricular and "home" workload of academic staff. The signs of labor instability of scientific and pedagogical personnel are revealed and analyzed, such as an increase in part-time work, an increase in the share of labor compensation, which depends on the fulfillment of the terms of an effective contract; decline in prestige of the academic profession; increased fears of job loss, reduction in the number of scientific and pedagogical personnel in universities and research organizations. The combined effect of various manifestations of instability not only transforms the academic profession itself, but also reduces the staffing potential of researchers and teachers, and is the reason for the outflow of specialists to other areas. The empirical basis of this study is also the analysis of secondary data and the data of our own qualitative research, a series of in-depth interviews of researchers on the problem of the deformation of the professional activity of scientific and pedagogical personnel, they also indicate the unproductive impact of the new conditions of the academic contract on the content of the activity.

scholarly journals Research of the peculiarities of academic motivation of final-year cadets

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
L. M. Zakharenko ◽  
O. O. Maloholova ◽  
T. I. Yurchenko-Shekhovtsova
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Academic Motivation ◽  
Postgraduate Education ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Theoretical Knowledge ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
The Status ◽  
Service Training

The author has studied the peculiarities of academic motivation of final-year cadets (n=323) of higher education institutions with specific educational conditions. It has been determined that the dominant motivation for their professional training is internal motivation. They make independent decisions about their professional activities and seek to continue their service within the National Police. Adequate and situational types of professional motivation are typical for cadets. Respondents are aiming for theoretical knowledge. The motives for the professional activities of final-year cadets do not affect their motivation to acquire theoretical knowledge, but they affect the acquisition of professional skills and abilities. The “romantic halo” of the profession remains in the perception of the profession by final-year cadets, but the material component also becomes important. The status of the profession in society and its material remuneration, as well as the curiosity of the chosen profession have significant influence on the motivation of future professional activities of fourth-year cadets. The motivating factor for internally motivated cadets is a sense of effectiveness, as well as status and state’s high salary for labor of law enforcement professionals. Externally positively motivated cadets in case of the decrease in the status of the profession, unrealized career ambitions or the reduction of the material rewards of law enforcement officers may begin to perform their duties formally or may leave the service. Externally negatively motivated cadets are not interested in performing professional duties. On the basis of the obtained data, the author has concluded on the importance of mentoring in the process of professional development of young specialists and the continuation of professional training in the system of postgraduate education and service training of police officers. The author has emphasized the importance of further motivation of final-year cadets within professional activity, in particular the introduction of a “motivational” package for police officers by the state.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in the Subjective Well-Being of Research and Teaching Staff

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 116-131
Author(s):  
Lyudmila S. Skachkova ◽  
◽  
Daria P. Shchetinina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Academic Staff ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Research And Teaching ◽  
The Status ◽  
Emotional Balance ◽  
Rational Component

Subjective well-being is a new cognitive-affective indicator of socio-economic success of individuals that affects the effectiveness of their professional activities. The authors of the article investigate this phenomenon in the academic sphere, offering to analyze the gender specifics of the subjective well-being of research and teaching staff. The aim of the study is to compare the subjective well-being of research and teaching staff depending on gender, and to review theoretical approaches to research on subjective well-being. Based on the reflection of the previous stages of the study, the authors developed a methodological construct that includes an assessment of the subjective well-being of the academic staff of Russian universities through the analysis of affective and cognitive components. When developing research tools (online questionnaires), we used the emotional balance scale N. We also used questions from the European social survey (ESS) (measuring the overall perception of happiness and life values) and the VTSIOM monitoring study (self-assessment of financial situation). In the course of the study, the authors determined the specificity of subjective well-being on the basis of gender differences in the academic field that manifest the subjective assessment of affective (emotional balance of positive and negative emotions, subjective assessment of well-being in the context of the current period) and a cognitive component of subjective well-being: the value-rational component (assessment of their freedom, a sense of meaning in life, having goals and activities that define the meaning of life, etc.), goal-rational component (overall rating of quality of life, assessment of socio-economic and political institutions, satisfaction with the professional sphere). The assessment of subjective well-being of academic staff in Russian universities with regard to professional determinants (awareness of the value and purpose of professional activities, the status of the profession in society, the status of the institution, opportunity for professional development, self-development, academic freedom, relations, professional communication, work schedule, sabbaticals, precariatization (reporting, administrative burden).

scholarly journals Transformation of university teachers’ working and employment conditions in the period of distance learning: socio-psychological aspects and risk assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (33) ◽  
pp. e16165
Author(s):  
Irina Yurievna Ilina ◽  
Natalya Vladimirovna Buley ◽  
Tatiana Sergeevna Demchenko ◽  
Elena Vasilevna Povorina ◽  
Irina Gennadevna Shadskaja
Keyword(s):  
Distance Learning ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Remote Work ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
University Teachers ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Online Technologies ◽  
Employment Conditions ◽  
Teaching Community ◽  
The Impact

The forced transition to distance learning during the pandemic has determined the development of new models of university teachers’ professional activity. The results of the “first wave” show that the community of teachers was not prepared for distance learning not only due to the lack of necessary competencies and skills of working in the online environment but also psychologically. In particular, the psychological unpreparedness of teachers for the transition from traditional formats of interaction to the remote ones, the collapse of the familiar “live” models of communication with students and colleagues turned up to be a major difficulty. Based on the results of research, the key problems of the organization of teachers’ remote work are determined and the socio-psychological consequences of remote employment are revealed. The main groups of risks faced by teachers due to the forced transition to remote employment are also identified. The impact of remote formats on the professional activities of teachers cannot be assessed unequivocally. On the one hand, in the time of remote work, teachers have developed new skills and competencies, mastered innovative online technologies, managed to overcome numerous psychological struggles, etc. On the other hand, teachers are aware that the necessary process of transformation of education will not only substantially change their professional activity but will also lead to the emergence of fundamentally new social roles and models of professional behavior. There is a growing sense of unease and confusion in the teaching community and negative expectations associated with uncertainty in the professional labor market are developing.

CRIMINAL LIABILITY OF JUDGES

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaroslav Skoromnyy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Criminal Responsibility ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Illegal Behavior ◽  
Administration Of Justice ◽  
The Status

The article presents the key features of the criminal liability of judges. It has been established that the legal basis for bringing judges to criminal liability is governed by the provisions of the Law of Ukraine "On the Judicial System and the Status of Judges", the Criminal Code of Ukraine and the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine. It has been established that usually the illegal behavior of a judge or the irresponsibility of a judge primarily arises from the imperfection of the legislation, which regulates the main aspects of a judge's behavior in the course of his professional activities. It has been determined that, in accordance with Article 375 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, a judge who has passed a false sentence (decision, ruling or ruling) is prosecuted and punished by restraint of liberty for a term of up to five years or imprisonment for a term of two to five years, and In the event of grave consequences as a result of such actions of a judge or their commission for profit, for personal purposes or to create an obstacle to the legality of the journalist's professional activity, the judge is punished with imprisonment for a term of five to eight years. It has been proved that the main elements of a judge's legal status are immunity, which provide for the conduct of an independent justice. It was found that judges cannot be held accountable for their judicial decisions, except for cases when they committed a crime or disciplinary offense. It has been established that a judge can be detained on the basis of a suspicion of an act they have committed, for which it is envisaged to bring to criminal or administrative responsibility, with the exception of cases specified in the legislation. It has been determined that, on the basis of bringing a judge to criminal responsibility, he may be temporarily suspended from the administration of justice for a period of not more than two months on the basis of a petition made by the Prosecutor General of Ukraine or his deputies in accordance with the procedure established by law, while only the High Council of Justice makes a decision on the temporary suspension of a judge from administering justice. It has been proved that the court in which the judge committed a criminal offense and which is subject to criminal liability, holds or has held the office of a judge, cannot bring charges against a judge and carry out on the following grounds of justice with a judgment, except in cases determined by law. It has been determined that bringing judges to criminal responsibility is a rather difficult process, since today there are few cases in which judges were held accountable for their crimes.

scholarly journals Research and assessment of the level of self-determination of the student's personality for future professional activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 19031
Author(s):  
Olga Shcherbakova ◽  
Irina Sokolovskaya ◽  
Andrey Chernykh ◽  
Venera Midova
Keyword(s):  
Professional Identity ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Professional Orientation ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
The Status ◽  
Professional Self ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level

Presentation of research scientists towards the study of the development potential of the individual and her professional identity; provide a description of the various types of self-determination, justifies the common and what distinguishes professional and personal identity. The authors describe a complex of research and assessment of the level of professional orientation of students and undergraduates of Plekhanov Russian University of Economics. The authors presented the author's vision of 3 blocks of psychotechnologies: teaching, developing and information and communication, the use of which in the educational process of the University, will increase the level of their professional orientation and identity. The empirical part shows the selection, methods and procedure of the process of changing professional orientation and identity, as well as the procedure for processing the data obtained. The article also presents the results of a psychodiagnostic study of professional self-determination and professional identity in students of Economics, direction, students of technical orientation in the field of IT technologies, students of psychology: after conducting classes using various psychotechnologies-the results in the group of IT students have not changed much, most students have a pronounced status of "achieved professional identity"; most psychology students have become more understanding of their professional activities-they are characterized by the status of "moratorium"; the vast majority of Economics students have shown a formed professional identity and a high level of professional readiness.

scholarly journals The concept «ethical responsibility of the penal system employee»: a pedagogical aspect

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 321-325
Author(s):  
Rustam Bulatovich Zhalmurzin
Keyword(s):  
Professional Activity ◽  
Ethical Responsibility ◽  
Penal System ◽  
Moral Choice ◽  
Personal Quality ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Status ◽  
Pedagogical Aspect ◽  
Personal Qualities

The paper substantiates the importance of ethical responsibility of the penal system employee in the context of his professional activities. It is substantiated that moral choice is common to ethics, psychology and pedagogy in the understanding of responsibility: moral choice as an ethical category, psychological mechanisms for making a choice, formation of ethical responsibility for choice. The status of responsibility is concretized within the framework of the concept ethical responsibility of the penal system employee. The paper analyzes this concept at the ethical (description of the content in the categories of ethics), psychological (defining the mechanisms for such responsibility formation) and pedagogical (disclosing the content in the context of pedagogical knowledge) levels. The author proves that the responsibility in general and the ethical responsibility of the penal system employee in particular can be considered both a value and a personal quality. It is substantiated that the ethical responsibility of the penal system employee is a systemic personal formation that has a value as a set of relations of the penal system employee (to professional activity, to people involved in the sphere of his professional activity, to himself as a subject of such activity), implemented in his activities through personal qualities that determine the implementation by the penal system employee of a moral choice in the process of professional activity and form the content of ethical responsibility as a personal quality. The content of the ethical responsibility of the penal system employee is revealed through the attraction of the values duty, dignity, honor, good, virtue, justice, freedom, conscience and personal qualities perseverance, efficiency, organization, exactingness, obligation, initiative

scholarly journals INNOVATIVE APPROACHES TO THE FORMATION OF “SOFT SKILLS” IN THE PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY OF SERVICE PROFESSIONALS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olena Shestel ◽  
Olena Starynets ◽  
Alla Danyliuk
Keyword(s):  
Social Skills ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Soft Skills ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Market Requirements ◽  
The Status ◽  
Tourism And Hospitality

The article analyzes the role of and approaches to the formation of “soft skills” in the studying and professional activities of service professionals. The relevance of the proposed study lies in the lack of coverage in the scientific literature of the role of “soft skills”in the professional activities of service professionals. It should be noted that the role of “soft skills” in the process of performing professional tasks of specialists in various fields of knowledge is increasingly attracting the attention of scientists, primarily due to globalization, focus on European quality standards in services, and employers' requirements for employee’s not only professional but also social skills. To achieve this goal it is necessary to perform the following tasks: to determine the pedagogical conditions for the formation of “soft” competencies in higher education in Tourism and Hospitality, which are extremely important for the daily professional activities of hospitality professionals, to analyze the prospects for “soft skills” actually in the process of professional activity, during professional internships, etc., as well as to analyze the current requirements of employers to the level of mastery of social skills. Achieving this goal led to the use of the following research methods: systematization of modern scientific literature, theoretical analysis of scientific sources to determine the status and theoretical justification of the role of “soft skills” in the professional activities of service professionals. Methods of empirical research: observation, comparison, generalization. It was proved that social skills play an important role in the professional activities of hospitality professionals, as the implementation of daily tasks is related to communication, including communication in foreign languages, teamwork, cooperation, stress, responsibility, etc. It should be noted that the analysis of labor market requirements revealed that employers are increasingly paying attention to the possession of future employees’ not only professional knowledge, skills and abilities, but “soft”competencies.

scholarly journals Prevention of the psychoemotional burnout of academics during their professional activities

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
Hryhorii Hryban ◽  
Alona Liashevych ◽  
Olena Solodovnyk ◽  
Pavel Tkachenko ◽  
Ostap Skoruy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Emotional Response ◽  
Academic Profession ◽  
Burnout Syndrome ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Physical Fatigue ◽  
Professional Integrity ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Theoretical Substantiation

The article shows that psychoemotional burnout is one of the most common syndromes, developing against the backdrop of continuous exposure to stressful situations, and it leads to intellectual, mental, and physical fatigue and exhaustion. The pedagogical activities of academics lead to burnout syndrome among most professionals of this occupation. The aim of the article is theoretical substantiation of the concept of burnout syndrome, experimental study of its symptoms characteristic of academics, and presentation of recommendations for its prevention. The study involved 59 academics of different ages and records of work. The analysis of literature sources allows stating that the study of the burnout syndrome among academics requires a further search for solutions. The academic profession is one of those for which burnout syndrome is the most common because the professional activity of academics is recognized as one of the most emotionally stressful. It was found that burnout is exhaustion, which manifests itself in emotional devastation and fatigue, and depersonalization, in particular, depersonalization of relationships with people. It is established that most teachers are characterized by inadequate emotional response, reduced interaction with colleagues, termination of professional responsibilities, the desire to stay alone, intensified emotional thriftiness. A pronounced feature for teachers is the reduction of personal achievements when they negatively assess themselves, their professional achievements and success, express professional integrity in a negative way, and limit their opportunities and responsibilities.

scholarly journals First epidemiological description of tegumentar and visceral Leishmaniasis in Patrocínio Municipality, Minas Gerais (2000-2017)

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Débora Cristina de Oliveira Silva Nunes ◽  
Layla Gabrielle Silva Paulista ◽  
Samarah Borges Nunes Ribeiro ◽  
Ana Luiza Borges de Paula Nunes
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Active Population ◽  
The Status ◽  
Canine Infection ◽  
Epidemiological Profile

Leishmaniasis is a disease that can affect visceral organs (visceral leishmaniasis; VL) or mucous membranes and skin, causing lesions of different forms and levels of severities (tegumentary leishmaniasis; TL). Like several others, leishmaniasis is a neglected disease, as the pharmaceutical industry seems to show little to no interest in developing new drugs targeting the disease. This study aims to trace the epidemiological profile of leishmaniasis in the Municipality of Patrocínio, State of Minas Gerais, over a period of time. Secondary data of reported cases from 2000 to 2017 were analyzed as provided by the Patrocinio Health Department. As no literature was found on the status of such a disease in Patrocinio, it is important to trace the epidemiological profile of leishmaniasis in the area. The findings pointed out that the disease affected predominantly male in the economically active population, mainly from the urban area, and that it had no relationship with professional activity. Twenty-two cases of leishmaniasis (15 of TL and 7 of VL) were reported, all of which were treated and cured. Five cases of TL and 1 case of VL were autochthonous, and confirmed cases of canine infection took place in 2011, 2016 and 2017.  

scholarly journals Professional Activity of a University Teacher: Personal Values and Temporal Perception

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 144-155
Author(s):  
N. B. Moskvina ◽  
B. E. Fishman
Keyword(s):  
Pairwise Comparison ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Time Cost ◽  
University Teachers ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Time Costs ◽  
Personal Significance ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
The Status ◽  
New Interpretation

The purpose of the article is to actualize the problems of personality values and senses in university teachers’ professional activities. The authors present and substantiate the methodology for identifying the relation between personal significance for teachers of various aspects of their professional activities and time costs for the implementation of these aspects (components). The methodology is based on their pairwise comparison. This comparison is carried out first by the criterion of the significance of these aspects, and after 1-2 weeks – by the criterion of their time cost. Based on their own work as well as other studies, the authors identify three of the most timeconsuming aspects of teachers’ activity: the preparation and conducting of lessons and lectures; scientific products creation; work with documents. It is confirmed that the preparation and conducting of lessons and lectures as well as the preparation of various plans, programs, reports, etc. are the dominant components of university teachers’ activity. The disparity between the personal significance and time costs is the smallest if it concerns preparation of lessons. In this case, the time cost is compensated by understanding of its importance. As for work with documents, such compensation does not exist here. So, it turns into a potential source of internal tensions and conflicts. The component “creation of scientific products” is quite contradictory: time costs for it subjectively seem quite large while this component is perceived as not high significant. This is consistent with other studies that show that this aspect of activity often turns out to be formally motivated, not related to serious scientific research. In the article, the situation, empirically recognized by many authors, gets a fundamentally new interpretation, as the temporal parameter acquires the status of value. The authors propose to consider time costs in relation to various aspects of university teachers’ activities in this particular context.

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