scholarly journals Labor migration and development of human resources of the Kyrgyz Republic

POPULATION ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-164
Author(s):  
Talgar Mamytbek uulu ◽  
Muratbek Aibashev
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Labor Migrants ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Money Transfers ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the presented research was to study the impact of labor migration on the development of human resources in Kyrgyzstan. Before collecting the data, several theoretical assumptions were identified, ranging from personal experiences of migrant workers to their remittances and new skills acquired during the migration process. A common finding of the literature on migration is that migrants are more likely to choose self-employment upon return to their origin countries. This has led to the belief that return migration stimulates entrepreneurship in source countries and hence support economic development. In this paper we test these assertions, drawing on the study of life in Kyrgyzstan, a rich longitudinal data set from transition economies with high levels of international temporary migration. We find that for return migrants, self-employment is often a temporary occupational choice, suggesting that self-employment serves as a 'parking lot'. This research used case studies with quantitative and qualitative data, as well as the authors' sociological studies. Analysis of interviews with 25 current labor migrants in Russia and 25 repatriates in Kyrgyzstan concerned the following aspects: problems and benefits of migration; development of new skills; use of money transfers; reasons to return; employment or self-employment; remittances as investments and governments assistance in entrepreneurial activities of returnees. According to the research results, it was concluded that labor migration has an impact on development, which falls within the framework of the development of human resources. This is especially noticeable with regard to remittances and new skills brought by labor migrants to the Kyrgyz Republic.

scholarly journals Methods of Ukrainian labor migrants reintegration in the context of state migration policy

2019 ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
Liubomyr ROMAN
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Labor Migrants ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. The reintegration of migrant workers is the renewal and accelerated development of ties between the individual and the society, the economic and cultural systems, the restoration of the impact of the individual on socio-economic, socio-cultural and political processes and phenomena, increasing participation in the processes of sustainable development on the basis of introducing elements of economic culture countries of pre-migration. The methodological bases for improving the mechanisms of reintegration of labor migrants should be assessed on the basis of available political and legal support. The problem of labor migration has now taken on a national scale, which brings it out of the limits of the influence of any organization, cluster or individual state authority. The formulation of a strategy for regulating labor migration should be made on the basis of the status of this problem as a national one, therefore, requiring macroeconomic regulation, which will be supported by a strong institutional and regulatory framework. The purpose of the paper is to substantiate the method of reintegration of Ukrainian labor migrants in the context of state migration policy. Results. Theoretical aspects of reintegration of labor migrants are covered. The content analysis of the legal acts of the President of Ukraine is carried out. A number of significant legal acts that have or can have a significant impact on state migration policy are characterized. The peculiarities of the functioning of the central executive body, which implements the state policy in the sphere of migration, and the recent changes in determining the range of subjects of formation and implementation of the state policy in the sphere of labor migration are analyzed. The importance of regulating the issue of investments earned during the emigration of funds into the national economy is substantiated. Conclusion. According to the conducted research, the method of reintegration of Ukrainian labor migrants in the context of the state migration policy is formed under the influence of debates about the factors, directions and forms of support of the respective processes by the state authorities. We believe that the main disadvantage of reintegration institutional support is the lack of a unified approach to the role and importance of repatriates for the sustainable development of the national economy. In our opinion, this approach should be consolidated in the form of the Law of Ukraine with a clear definition of the subjects of assistance to repatriation and reintegration of labor migrants, as well as to strengthen with additional measures of informational, organizational character, tax privileges for investing the money earned abroad for search, development of employers of skilled migrant workers returning to Ukraine.

scholarly journals RESEARCH OF LABOR MARKET IN UKRAINE AND RECIPIENT COUNTRIES OF UKRAINIAN LABOR MIGRANTS IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liana Chernobay ◽  
Tetyana Yasinska ◽  
Olena Kuziv
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Labor Migrants ◽  
Female Population ◽  
The Impact

The article applies a comprehensive approach to the research of the impact of labor migration on the implementation of Sustainable Development Goals 8 "Decent work and economic growth", which is based on the theory of labor migration and the concept of sustainable development; a system of indicators describing the problems in the labor market of the country of origin of migrant workers is proposed. As a result of the research, a system of indicators was proposed, which includes four groups that meet the current problems in the labor market of Ukraine. Using the proposed system of indicators, we investigated the impact of labor migration on the current problems of the labor market of Ukraine, which include: 1) the inconsistency of skills of job seekers to the requirements set by employers; 2) low productivity; 3) population reduction and aging; 4) low level of women's participation in the labor force. These problems were researched on the example of Ukraine and the recipient countries of Ukrainian labor migrants (in Poland, the Russian Federation and Italy). As part of the analysis of the first problem, the following indicators were researched: the level of coverage of the population with higher education, the unemployment rate, the share of those employed with higher education. To address the second problem, the labor productivity index and the competitiveness index were used, namely its sub-index "labor market efficiency". The third problem was analyzed using indicators of natural growth, population decline, 65+ age, life expectancy and Lancet aging rating. To analyze the fourth problem, the proportions of the employed female population, the level of wages and the unemployment rate of women and women were used in comparison with similar indicators of men. This system can be successfully used for comparative analysis of labor market characteristics of donor countries and recipient countries of migrant workers. We concluded that labor migration is more effective and can contribute to the implementation of Goal 8 if it is considered a temporary phenomenon and is followed by the return of migrant workers to their homeland. In this case, Ukraine will be able to take advantage of foreign experience, knowledge and skills, which will increase productivity, reduce unemployment, increase the share of the employed women.

scholarly journals The Pandemic of COVID-19 as the Challenge to Ukrainian Migrant Workers in Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Yaryna Turchyn ◽  
◽  
Olha Ivasechko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Foreign Workers ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Labor Migrants ◽  
Private Money ◽  
Money Transfers ◽  
The Impact

In the article, the authors analyze the impact of the COVID-19 world pandemic on the employment of Ukrainian migrant workers in Poland. It is noted that the economic situation and the war in the east of Ukraine led to continuous process of labor migration from Ukraine to Poland. The author analyzes basic documents of the migration policy of Ukraine as well as Polish legislation in the field of employment of foreign citizens. It was found that the introduction of quarantine restrictions resulted in mass return of Ukrainian workers from Poland. Special attention is placed on the adoption of the so-called Anti-Crisis Shield and Anti-Crisis Shield 2.0, aimed at mitigating the negative economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland, taking into account interests of foreign workers, including Ukrainian labor migrants, who stayed abroad after quarantine restrictions come into force. Based on sociological research and official statistics, it has been determined that one third of Ukrainian migrant workers in Poland have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, and some of them complain about income restrictions and reductions. It has been outlined an attitude of Ukrainian migrant workers who left Poland towards their return to work, perception of quarantine restrictions and the main reasons that force them to stay in Ukraine or return to the neighboring country. It is pointed out the volume of private money transfers to Ukraine for the same period in 2019 and 2020 respectively. The author draws conclusions that the COVID-19 world pandemic greatly affected the Ukrainian labor migrants in Poland, forcing them to leave their jobs and return home or stay abroad without actual source of income. It is mentioned that Poland still needs Ukrainian workers, who are especially in demand in the food industry, logistics, woodworking and household appliances.

scholarly journals EXTERNAL LABOR MIGRATION AND ITS CONSEQUENCES FOR THE LABOR MARKET OF UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (40) ◽  
pp. 514-523
Author(s):  
V. Luhova ◽  
A. Hutorov ◽  
J. Yarmolenko ◽  
T. Ivashchenko ◽  
O. Gutorov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Donor Country ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Labor Migrants ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Labor Potential

Abstract. This paper reports a study into the trends and patterns of the impact of external labor migration on the effectiveness of the functioning of Ukraine’s labor market, as well as defining those areas where migration processes could be coordinated in order to preserve the labor potential of this country. The scale and characteristics of the external labor migration in Ukraine have been considered. A tendency has been identified towards increasing the number of potential labor migrants among the population of Ukraine. The main destinations for migrant workers are the EU, primarily Poland, Italy, and the Czech Republic. It was found that the main labor migrants are men aged 30 to 49 with secondary and secondary specialized education, which indicates a significant outflow of «labor» from Ukraine. The main motives that encourage Ukrainians to work abroad have been determined. The main one has been investigated, related to the low level of wages in Ukraine, which is several times lower than the level of remuneration in the recipient countries. The positive and negative consequences of labor migration for Ukraine as a labor donor country have been given. Among the direct positive consequences, the main ones are the reduction of pressure on the labor market and the decrease in unemployment. Among the negative ones is the migration of the most active part of the labor force, the migration of young people and the most qualified specialists, which causes a shortage of labor in Ukraine’s labor market. The ways to improve the coordination of migration processes have been proposed, in order to preserve the labor potential of this country. The first is to improve the information support of the labor migration management process; the second is to promote economic growth and social development in Ukraine. The implementation of these measures could reduce the motivation for labor migration and provide conditions for the return of migrant workers. Keywords: labor migration, migrant, labor outflow, labor market, migration policy. JEL Classіfіcatіon J45, J61, J69 Formulas: 0; fig.: 5; tabl.: 3; bibl.: 23.

The Crisis and International Population Movement in Indonesia

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme Hugo
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Asian Financial Crisis ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Undocumented Migrants ◽  
Population Movements ◽  
Potential Migrant ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Contract Labor

Indonesia is the country most affected by the Asian financial crisis which began in mid-1997 and has been the slowest to recover from it. In the present paper the effects of the first two and a half years of the crisis on international population movements influencing Indonesia are discussed. The crisis has increased economic pressures on potential migrant workers in Indonesia and the result has been increased out-movement. In both pre and post-crisis situations this was dominated by women, at least among official migrant workers. The crisis has tightened the labor market in some of Indonesia's main destination countries but the segmentation of the labor market in those countries has limited the impact of the crisis in reducing jobs in those countries. The crisis has created more pressure on undocumented migrants in destination countries but the extent of repatriation, while higher than in the pre-crisis situation, has been limited. The crisis has directly or indirectly affected other international movements influencing Indonesia including expatriate movement to Indonesia and longer-term, south-north migration out of the country. The policy implications of these changes are discussed including the fact that the crisis has led to an increased appreciation of the importance of contract labor migration by government and greater attention being paid to improving the system for migrants themselves and the country as a whole.

scholarly journals Remittances and The Real Effective Exchange Rate: Empirical Evidence from Kyrgyzstan

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burulcha Sulaimanova ◽  
Daniyar Jasoolov
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Real Effective Exchange Rate ◽  
Labor Migrants ◽  
The World ◽  
Effective Exchange ◽  
Effective Exchange Rate ◽  
The Impact

Since 2000 the volume of economic reasoned migration has been rapidly rising in Kyrgyzstan. The number of labor migrants currently working abroad counts around 600 thousand people or about 10% of the population of Kyrgyzstan. With growing pattern of labor migration, the amount of remittances has grown as well. According to the World Bank, Kyrgyzstan is on the first place in the world in terms of share of remittances in the GDP (34%) in 2016. The main remittance sending countries for 2005-2016 periods are the Russian federation and Kazakhstan. The large scale of migration outflow and remittances, making domestic economy of Kyrgyzstan dependent on external shocks, related with migration. For this reason, the purpose of this study is to examine the impact the high level of remittances inflow from labor migration on the exchange rates, particularly on the reel effective exchange rate of Kyrgyzstan for the period of 2005-2016. The empirical analysis was carried out with Cointegration model, and according to the results obtained, the remittances and real effective exchange rates have long run relationship.

scholarly journals Impact of Labor Migration on Rural Livelihood in Pakundia Upazila under Kishoregonj District of Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-80
Author(s):  
Md Safiul Islam Afrad ◽  
Anwara Begum ◽  
Md Enamul Haque ◽  
Noor Shaila Sarmin
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Seasonal Migration ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
Rural Livelihood ◽  
The Impact

The focal objective guided the present study was to investigate the impact of labor migration on rural livelihood. Pakundiaupazila under Kishoregonj district was purposively selected as the locale of the study. Three villages viz. Narandi, Hossendi and Patuabhanga were randomly selected. A sample consisting of 80 respondents, having at least one migrant agricultural labor was selected following stratified proportionate random sampling technique. Quantitative data were collected by the researchers using a structured interview schedule through face to face interview method. Qualitative data were collected through group discussion and direct observation methods. Statistics like range, mean, percentile and rank order were employed throughout the study. Majority (54.5%) of the household owners fell under old age group; 53.2 percent belonged to the group of primary level of education; 56.3 percent had medium family; 78.8 percent families were nuclear; more than half (51.0%) of them belonged to medium income category; greater part (55.2%) of them had medium contact with the sources of information; 50.1 percent of the respondents had low organizational participation; and 50.0 percent of them showed high cosmopoliteness. Majority of migrant workers (46.7%) migrated in Middle East and Dhaka city (25.3). Major causes of labor migration were higher income possibilities, job security, social status, major types of migration were rural-urban, migration to other country and seasonal migration. Vital negative impacts of labor migration on agriculture were: decreased family labor; dependency on remittance; and increased vulnerability difficult situation. Vibrant positive impacts of labor migration were observed on financial capital (increased remittance flow and total household income) followed by physical (enriched household gadgets and real properties possession), human (improved skills in agricultural practices and enhanced competency in managing farm production) and social capitals (enhanced social relation and developed social network)while negative impact was observed on natural capital (decreased agricultural land status and natural vegetation). Hiring labor, change in cropping pattern and agricultural transformation were the major ways of coping up with labor shortage in agricultural production. The Agriculturists 2020; 18(1) 66-80

scholarly journals Labor Migration from Ukraine to Poland: Regulatory Framework, Key Issues and Challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Yaryna Turchyn ◽  
Teresa Astramowicz-Leyk ◽  
Olha Ivasechko
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Capital Theory ◽  
Labor Migrants ◽  
Main Motive ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
Donor State

The article deals with the conceptions of the international migration, focusing on the most relevant strategies in terms of migrant workers adaptation. The authors analyse the following conceptions: the “Pull/Push” theory, Adaptation (acculturation) Strategy, Relative Inequality Theory of Migration, the Human Capital Theory. Legal framework of Ukraine and Poland in the sphere of labor migration regulation, including set of legal acts, adopted by both countries in order to minimize possible negative outcomes caused by evolving migration flows have been analyzed. The main “pushing” migration factors of the donor countries and “pulling” factors of the recipients are clarified. The main motive for migrating to Poland is to form a so-called "airbag" for their families in Ukraine. The point is that thanks to remittances, clothes, food, etc., Ukrainian labor migrants form a sense of confidence in the future of their family members in the “era of poverty”, which is identified with the Ukrainian state. The positive and negative consequences of the migration flows intensification of Ukrainian workers for both Ukraine and Poland are highlighted. Future scenarios for modeling migration flows are shaped, namely: optimistic, pessimistic, and realistic and the Covid-19 migration pattern. Recommendations for strengthening the effectiveness of Ukrainian-Polish cooperation in solving of the labor migration problems are suggested. The assessment of the trends of current migration policy of Warsaw has been carried out in accordance with multilateral MIPEX Index. Thus, migration policy is assessing as the “equality in the paper” and is rating lower (40/100 points) than average indicator among EU-countries. The conclusions assert that migration policy should be based on the principle of “tripartism” and serve the donor state, the recipient state and the migrants themselves.

scholarly journals How the GCC Economic Crises Effect Labor Migration: Evidence from Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasir Khan ◽  
Wang Mingyi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Inflation Rate ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Economic Crises ◽  
The Impact

Migrant workers have participated in promoting economic growth and prosperity and the generation of wealth in countries of destination. The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) which is comprised of six countries such as Saudi Arabia, UAE, Qatar, Kuwait, Bahrain, and Oman have been historically and traditionally job market for Pakistani workers. Labor migration and its relationship to economic growth and employment have received increasing attention because of increasing demand for labor, higher salaries, economic and political stability. Using a case study, we focus on the impact and relationship of labor migration with macroeconomic indicators such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP), unemployment, and inflation rate. Limited employment opportunities, the weak economy, and political instability are the factors leading labor migration from Pakistan. Consequently, the government of Pakistan considered labor migration primarily as an employment sector and encourage labor migration to solve economic problems in the country. We analyze the impact of labor migration on (GDP), Inflation rate and unemployment in Pakistan with the help of time series data from 1971-2016. The result to have showed a positive and significant relationship between labor migration and GDP, while a negative but significant relationship with unemployment. On the other hand, there is no relationship between labor migration and inflation rate. we found that the GCC economic crises actually caused significant influence on labor migration in the case of Pakistan.

scholarly journals Transformation of processes of external labor migration during the spread of the COVID-19 infection

POPULATION ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 161-171
Author(s):  
Evgeny Krasinets ◽  
Irina Gerasimova
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Labor Migrants ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The article deals with the impact of external labor migration on the balance of the labor market in the Russian Federation. The main emphasis is placed on the need to monitor the migration situation and taking timely "migration" measures by the Government of the Russian Federation based on its results. The migration component is presented in strategic planning documents and correlated with the socio-economic development of the Russian Federation. At this moment, against the background of the current unfavorable epidemiological situation caused by the spread of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19), the Government of the Russian Federation is taking a number of measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19, including those in the field of migration. The article analyzes the current measures preventing departure of labor migrants staying in the Russian Federation and other categories of foreign citizens who have arrived for the purposes other than work in the "shadow sector" of the labor market. It shows the present state of external labor migration by analyzing statistical and informational data, as well as possible risks in the implementation of social and labor relations. Sectors of the economy have been identified that may experience a shortage of labor resources as a result of the implementation of measures to prevent the spread of coronavirus infection. Dependence of the sphere of external labor migration on macroeconomic, international and political factors is stated. Particular attention in the article is paid to the institute of highly qualified specialists (HQS). The need was expressed to improve the procedure for attracting foreign citizens to work on the territory of the Russian Federation as HQS, to set additional criteria for their selection, to introduce an advance payment of income tax on HQS and to increase employers' liability for violation of the established procedure in this area, including the need to diversify control mechanisms for employers who attract foreign citizens as highly qualified specialists.

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