scholarly journals Pengukuran Indeks Bias Larutan untuk Mengetahui Kadar Gula dalam Tebu dengan Menggunakan Metode Difraksi Fraunhofer Celah Tunggal

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
Lalu A. Didik ◽  
Irfan Safarwadi ◽  
Muslimah Muslimah
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Sugar Solution ◽  
Fraunhofer Diffraction ◽  
Brown Sugar ◽  
Linear Fitting ◽  
Concentration Changes ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Solution Changes

Refractive index measurements of sugar solutions have been carried out in several concentrations. The method used is fraunhofer diffraction. The equation of relationship between the concentration of the sugar solution and the refractive index based on the results of the linear fitting can be written as, Where n is the refractive index of the sugar solution and x is the solution concentration. From this equation, a fairly small gradient value of 1.59145 is obtained. This shows that a 1% increase in the concentration of the sugar solution will cause the refractive index to decrease by 1.59145. The refractive index of the solution changes when the concentration changes. The refractive index of the solution increases with increasing concentration of the solution. This is because along with the increase in concentration, more glucose is found in the sugar solution. As a result, the solution will be more concentrated because the glucose molecules that are arranged are getting denser. The above equation is used to calculate the concentration of sugar in sugar cane. It was found that brown sugar cane had a concentration of 33.38% compared to 26.34% in yellow sugarcane. While the measurement of the concentration of sugar cane in different planting areas shows almost the same results, this is because the level of accuracy of the tool is still large when compared to the difference in the concentration of the sugar solution.

scholarly journals Potency of Brown Sugar as a Nectar Substitute for Trichoglossus haematodus in Captivity

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-193
Author(s):  
Siti Nuramaliati Prijono ◽  
Rini Rachmatika
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sugar Solution ◽  
Protein Requirement ◽  
Carbohydrate Source ◽  
Brown Sugar ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
In Captivity

Trichoglossus haematodus (Linnaeus, 1771) is nectarivorous bird that feed on nectar as a source of carbohydrate. In captivity, it is not practical to provide a continued diet of nectar  from the flowers. Therefore, this study aimed to find other carbohydrate sources such as brown sugar as substitute nectar for T. haematodus. Twelve wild T. haematodus in four cages offered five types different brown sugar solution with different concentrations. Since brown sugar has low protein content, therefore the birds also  offered commercial baby biscuit  to meet the protein requirement.  The results showed that the birds like to consume all types of brown sugar solution with sugar concentration up to 40% . However, the siwalan brown sugar solution was the most favored by the bird. over the other type of brown sugar solutions (aren, coconut, sugar cane and regular commercial “palm” brown sugar).  Furthermore, the result showed that the birds prefer commercial baby biscuit was soaked in the brown sugar solution with concentration 20%. This study provides the information that the brown sugar solution based diet has potency as  an alternative carbohydrate source  to substitute nectar  for T. haematodus in captivity which  is more practical and can increase the survival rate in birds. 

Investigated Solution Concentration Sensors Based on the Etched Phase Shifted Fiber Bragg Grating

2013 ◽  
Vol 380-384 ◽  
pp. 3239-3242
Author(s):  
Fu Gen Su ◽  
Xin Zhu Sang
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Fiber Bragg Grating ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Bragg Grating ◽  
Bragg Wavelength ◽  
Cladding Layer ◽  
The Core ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Concentration Changes ◽  
Index Changes

To remove or reduce the cladding layer thickness of fiber Bragg grating, the refractive index changes in the surrounding environment will affect the fiber Bragg grating effective refractive index of the core, resulting in changes in the Bragg wavelength. Solution concentration changes will cause changes in refractive index of the solution. A new kind of solution concentration sensor is designed with the etched phase shifted fiber Bragg grating, and concentration sensing detection with four kinds of solutions is experimentally demonstrated. With resolution concentration increasing, the phase shifted label wavelength shifts to the red, and the sensor is more sensitive in the case of higher concentration.

Gula cair dan gula recengan berbahan dasar gula merah tebu

DEDIKASI ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Yasser ◽  
A.M. Iqbal Akbar Asfar ◽  
Marlia Rianti ◽  
A.M. Irfan Taufan Asfar ◽  
Eko Budianto
Keyword(s):  
Community Service ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Business Group ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Community Partnership ◽  
Brown Sugar ◽  
Plastic Packaging ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Partnership Program

This Community Service is a Community Partnership Program that was carried out by to partners of the Brown Sugar Cane Business Group in Latellang Village, Patimpeng District. The processing of sugar cane so far has been very simple, and some of the sugar cane businesses were out of business due to the consumption and need for brown sugar cane by the community, especially the Latellang and other villages, who are reluctant to consume brown sugar cane. This reluctance is caused by the aroma of brown sugar cane. Therefore, diversification of brown sugar cane products was carried out by processing brown sugar cane into Liquid sugar and Recengan sugar. The results of the PKM program were able to provide partners with increased knowledge of processing brown sugar cane into a diversified product that has high economic value and reduced the price of brown sugar cane from Rp. 10,000 per kilogram into products with 250 grams of brown sugar cane as raw material. 2-3 bottles of Liquid Sugar (250 ml plastic packaging) with a price of Rp.10,000 per bottle and produce 15 pieces of Recengan Sugar. Especially for Recengan sugar packaging, it is packaged in pouch containing 8 Recengan sugar ata a price of Rp.10,000. The impact will be revive the production of cane brown sugar to the Cane Brown Sugar Business Group partners, especially in Latellang Village.

scholarly journals Association of Blood and Urine Parameter Value Change With the Amount of Consumed Water Regime and Sample Sampling in Healthy Individuals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Snezana M Jovicic
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Freezing Point Depression ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Urine Biomarker ◽  
Concentration Changes ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Background: Understanding the effect of pre-analytical factors is important for data quality of bio-specimens and health status. The study examines the effect of 9-days fluid intake and 2-time sampling on concentration changes of 7-Urine and 17-Blood variables. Material and Method: SPSS software v23.0 applies to data processing. The group of 23 healthy subjects divide based on water intake and gender. Results: A statistically significant difference(p<0.01) between 1st/2nd sampling is confirmed for Freezing point depression, Sodium, Potassium, Creatinine Urea and Urate in Urine and Urea, Urate, Glucose, Hematocrit, Thrombocyte in Blood. The difference between water intake after 1st sampling is confirmed (p<0.01) for Freezing point depression, Sodium, Urate and(p<0.05) for Potassium(p<0.05), Chloride(p<0.05), Creatinine(p<0.05), Urate, Urea in Urine and Potassium(p<0.01) and Chloride(p<0.05) in Blood. Difference between gender exists for Urea(p<0.05) in Urine after 2nd sampling and Urate(P<0.01), Glucose(p<0.01/0.05), Ht(p<0.01/0.05) after 1st and 2nd sampling and MCHC(p<0.01) after 2nd sampling in Blood samples.Conclusion: Water intake increases blood and urine biomarker range after sampling.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KUALITAS PUPUK KOMPOS DAUN KETAPANG DAN KOTORAN SAPI DENGAN PENAMBAHAN SUMBER KARBOHIDRAT BERBEDA

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-33
Author(s):  
Wirnangsi Din Uno
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Cane Sugar ◽  
Brown Sugar ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Effective Source

Composting of organic waste into compost can be accelerated by using EM4. The nutrients can be obtained from carbohydrate sources, sugar cane, sugar, and brown sugar. This study aimed to determine the quality of Indian almond leaves compost with the addition of carbohydrate sources, sugar cane water, sugar, and brown sugar. The study employed a qualitative descriptive to describe the quality of the compost which refers to the National Compost Standard (SNI: 19-7030-2004). The results showed that the quality of the compost with the addition of the aforementioned carbohydrates sources has a C/N ratio value that exceeds the National Compost Standard (SNI: 19-7030-2004). Meanwhile, other characteristics such as temperature, pH, humidity, texture, color, and smell had met the requirements of the National Compost Standard (SNI: 19-7030-2004). The most effective source of carbohydrates for producing quality compost was brown sugar.

Filtration coefficient in cat hindlimb using protein concentration changes

1989 ◽  
Vol 256 (1) ◽  
pp. H186-H194 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Watson ◽  
M. B. Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Filtration Coefficient ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Vascular Volume ◽  
Perfusate Flow ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Concentration Changes ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Pentobarbital Sodium Anesthesia

The maximum value of capillary filtration coefficient (CFC) in maximally vasodilated cat skeletal muscle is disputed. It was hypothesized that the wide range of reported values was caused by the inability of gravimetric and volumetric measurements of tissue volume to separate transcapillary filtration from vascular volume changes. Consequently, we developed a method of measuring filtration rates from changes in venous protein concentration using Evan's blue-labeled albumin in the isolated hindlimb (pentobarbital sodium anesthesia). The filtration coefficient (PFFC) calculated from these filtration rates after a step in venous pressure should not be influenced by vascular volume changes. When the perfusate flow rate through the hindlimb was greater than 15 ml.min-1.100 g muscle-1, PFFC was 0.0085 +/- 0.0015 (SD, n = 8) ml.min-1.mmHg-1.100 g muscle-1. PFFC was observed to be unvarying from 1 to 12 min after the venous pressure elevation, in contrast to CFC values, which fall during the same period. It is argued that the difference between CFC and PFFC values is caused by vascular volume changes.

The Mechanical and Optical Properties of Injection-moulded PMMA, Filled with Glass Particles of a Matching Refractive Index

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 453-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Wildner ◽  
Dietmar Drummer
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Injection Moulding ◽  
Surface Defects ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Filling Degree ◽  
Moulding Process ◽  
Injection Moulding Process ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Optical And Mechanical Properties

In this paper, the optical and mechanical properties of injection-moulded plates (thickness: 1 mm) made of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and glass particles as filler with a matching refractive index are investigated. Tests show that the orientation resulting from the injection moulding process greatly affects the tensile strength and elongation at break, whereas the elastic modulus merely depends on the filling degree, which is investigated up to 13 vol.%. In terms of the optical properties, the specimens’ haze depends on the difference in the refractive index between a glass and polymer. However, the absolute value of haze increases with increasing filling degree and decreasing particle size. Surface defects resulting from the injection moulding process were found to be the primary reason for this haze, even with identical RI between PMMA and glass.

scholarly journals An innovative approach for determining the customized refractive index of ectatic corneas in cataractous patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiva Pirhadi ◽  
Keivan Maghooli ◽  
Khosrow Jadidi
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Ray Tracing ◽  
Prediction Error ◽  
Power Calculation ◽  
Corneal Power ◽  
Iol Power Calculation ◽  
Iol Power ◽  
Hyperopic Shift ◽  
The Difference

Abstract The aim of this study is to determine the customized refractive index of ectatic corneas and also propose a method for determining the corneal and IOL power in these eyes. Seven eyes with moderate and severe corneal ectatic disorders, which had been under cataract surgery, were included. At least three months after cataract surgery, axial length, cornea, IOL thickness and the distance between IOL from cornea, and aberrometry were measured. All the measured points of the posterior and anterior parts of the cornea converted to points cloud and surface by using the MATLAB and Solidworks software. The implanted IOLs were designed by Zemax software. The ray tracing analysis was performed on the customized eye models, and the corneal refractive index was determined by minimizing the difference between the measured aberrations from the device and resulted aberrations from the simulation. Then, by the use of preoperative corneal images, corneal power was calculated by considering the anterior and posterior parts of the cornea and refractive index of 1.376 and the customized corneal refractive index in different regions and finally it was entered into the IOL power calculation formulas. The corneal power in the 4 mm region and the Barrett formula resulted the prediction error of six eyes within ± 1 diopter. It seems that using the total corneal power along with the Barrett formula can prevent postoperative hyperopic shift, especially in eyes with advanced ectatic disorders.

Evaluating Oil Potential in Shale Formations Using Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy

2017 ◽  
Vol 140 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yizhang Li ◽  
Xinyang Miao ◽  
Honglei Zhan ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Rima Bao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Oil Shale ◽  
Powdered Material ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Evolutionary Stage ◽  
Terahertz Time Domain Spectroscopy ◽  
Time Domain Spectroscopy ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Different Response

Optical assessment of oil shale using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) was carried out to study oil potential. Fischer assay testing was employed to obtain the oil yield of oil shale specimens to examine the difference of oil potential between oil shale samples from three regions: Beipiao, Barkol, and Huadian in China. Then, two types of specimens from each area were prepared for the optical tests and the results were compared. The refractive index (n) at 0.2–1.2 THz was derived; n decreased slowly with increasing frequency for all the specimens despite the oscillation pattern observed at lower frequencies. The specimen preparation method that mixed the powdered material led to minor differences between the specimens. The different response of kerogen to the terahertz pulse depending on the kerogen's evolutionary stage leads to a difference in the refractive index between the specimens from the various regions. This study indicates that using THz-TDS to evaluate the oil content in oil shale without inducing reaction within the specimen can be an effective method for resource exploration.

FABRICATION OF MACH-ZEHNDER INTERFEROMETOR BASED ON PLANAR WAVEGUIDE FOR THE APPLICATION OF BIOSENSORS

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (06n07) ◽  
pp. 1891-1896 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUN-HYONG KIM ◽  
HOE-YOUNG YANG ◽  
HYUN-YONG LEE
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Optical Waveguides ◽  
Planar Waveguide ◽  
Refractive Index Change ◽  
Optical Power ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Design Rule ◽  
Integrated Optical ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Planar Lightwave

In this paper, designed and simulated Power Splitter (PS) integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) based planar waveguide devices (which is called here a PS-MZI). Moreover, we fabricated optical waveguide based on the PS-MZI for application to the biosensor. The integrated optical structure is sensitive to refractive index change induced due to the interaction of the evanescent field with an immobilized biological sample placed on one of the two arms of the interferometer. The PS-MZI sensor was preceded by a Y -junction, which splits the input power between the sensor and a reference branch to minimize the effect of optical power variations. The waveguide were optimized at a wavelength of 1550 nm and fabricated according to the design rule of 0.45 delta%, which is the difference of refractive index between the core and clad. The fabrication of PS-MZI optical waveguides was performed by a conventional planar lightwave circuit (PLC) fabrication process. The PS-MZI optical waveguides were measured of the optical characteristics for the application of biosensors.

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