scholarly journals PROBLEM OF ANTIBIOTIC USE AND ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE IN INDONESIA: ARE WE REALLY MAKING PROGRESS?

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Usman Hadi ◽  
Kuntaman Kuntaman ◽  
Mariyatul Qiptiyah ◽  
Hari Paraton
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Prevention Study ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Government Hospitals ◽  
Inappropriate Antibiotics ◽  
Very High

Background: Based on the results Antimicrobial Resistance in Indonesia: prevalence and prevention-study (AMRIN-study), the Ministry of Health of Indonesia in 2005 began a program antibiotic resistance control (PPRA) in some government hospitals, and is currently developing to all government teaching hospitals in Indonesia. Aim: The core activities of the PPRA are to implement standardized surveillance emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria, and the surveillance of antibiotic use in terms of quantity and quality. Method: Our research in the years 2003 showed the proportion of antibiotic use 84% of patients in a hospital. The use of inappropriate antibiotics was very high, 42% no indication. Result: In 2012 the results of surveillance showed decline of inappropriate use of antibiotic, but prevalence extended-spectrum b-lactamase (ESBL)-producing K.pneumoniae (58%), and E.coli (52%) andmethicillin-resistant S.aures (MRSA) (24%) were increasing. Conclusion: It was needed to implement the most appropriate programs to prevent the growth and development of bacteria resistant to antibiotics.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Tests Can Stem the Threat of Antimicrobial Resistance: Infectious Disease Professionals Can Help

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana Trevas ◽  
Angela M Caliendo ◽  
Kimberly Hanson ◽  
Jaclyn Levy ◽  
Christine C Ginocchio
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Federal Funding ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Advisory Council ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Research Development ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant

Abstract Uptake of existing diagnostics to identify infections more accurately could minimize unnecessary antibiotic use and decrease the growing threat of antibiotic resistance. The Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the Presidential Advisory Council on Combating Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria (PACCARB) agree that, to improve uptake of existing diagnostics, healthcare providers, health systems, and payors all need better clinical and economic outcomes data to support use of diagnostic tests over empiric use of antibiotics, providers need better tools and education about diagnostic tests, and diagnostics developers need federal funding in the absence of a viable diagnostics market. Recommendations from PACCARB and the IDSA are amplified. Incentives for—and challenges to—diagnostics research, development, and uptake are summarized. Advocacy opportunities are given for infectious disease professionals to join the fight against antimicrobial resistance.

scholarly journals Retail Chicken Carcasses as a Reservoir of Antimicrobial- Resistant Escherichia coli

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahla Omer Eltai ◽  
Hadi M. Yassine ◽  
Sara H. Al-Hadidi ◽  
Tahra ElObied ◽  
Asmaa A. Al Thani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Esbl Producers

The dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) bacteria has been associated with the inappropriate use of antibiotics in both humans and animals and with the consumption of food contaminated with resistant bacteria. In particular, the use of antibiotics as prophylactic and growth promotion purposes in food-producing animals has rendered many of the antibiotics ineffective. The increased global prevalence of AMR poses a significant threat to the safety of the world’s food supply. Objectives: This study aims at determining the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolated from local and imported retail chicken meat in Qatar. Methodology: A total of 270 whole chicken carcasses were obtained from three different hypermarket stores in Qatar. A total of 216 E. coli were isolated and subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing against 18 relevant antibiotics using disc diffusion and micro- dilution methods. Furthermore, extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production was determined via a double-disc synergetic test. Isolates harboring colistin resistance were confirmed using multiplex-PCR and DNA sequencing. Results: Nearly 89% (192/216) of the isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotics. In general, isolates showed relatively higher resistance to sulfamethoxazole (62%), tetracycline (59.7%), ampicillin and trimethoprim (52.3%), ciprofloxacin (47.7%), cephalothin, and colistin (31.9%). On the other hand, less resistance was recorded against amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (6%), ceftriaxone (5.1%), nitrofurantoin (4.2%) and piperacillin/tazobactam (4.2%), cefepime (2.3%), meropenem (1.4%), ertapenem (0.9%), and amikacin (0.9%). Nine isolates (4.2%) were ESBL producers. Furthermore, 63.4% were multidrug-resistant (MDR). The percentage of MDR, ESBL producers, and colistin-resistant isolates was significantly higher among local isolates compared to imported chicken samples. Conclusion: We reported a remarkably high percentage of the antibiotic-resistant E. coli in chicken meat sold at retail in Qatar. The high percentage of MDR and colistin isolates is troublesome to the food safety of raw chicken meat and the potential of antibiotic resistance spread to public health. Our findings support the need for the implementation of one health approach to address the spread of antimicrobial resistance and the need for a collaborative solution.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance and Food Animals: Influence of Livestock Environment on the Emergence and Dissemination of Antimicrobial Resistance

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikola Vidovic ◽  
Sinisa Vidovic
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Modern Trend ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Food Animals ◽  
Control And Management

The emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance among human, animal and zoonotic pathogens pose an enormous threat to human health worldwide. The use of antibiotics in human and veterinary medicine, and especially the use of large quantities of antibiotics in livestock for the purpose of growth promotion of food animals is believed to be contributing to the modern trend of the emergence and spread of bacteria with antibiotic resistant traits. To better control the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance several countries from Western Europe implemented a ban for antibiotic use in livestock, specifically the use of antibiotics for growth promotion of food animals. This review article summarizes the recent knowledge of molecular acquisition of antimicrobial resistance and the effects of implementation of antibiotic growth promoter bans on the spread of antimicrobial resistant bacteria in animals and humans. In this article, we also discuss the main zoonotic transmission routes of antimicrobial resistance and novel approaches designed to prevent or slow down the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance worldwide. Finally, we provide future perspectives associated with the control and management of the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistant bacteria.

scholarly journals Horizontal Gene Transfer Is the Main Driver of Antimicrobial Resistance in Broiler Chicks Infected with Salmonella enterica Serovar Heidelberg

mSystems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adelumola Oladeinde ◽  
Zaid Abdo ◽  
Maximilian O. Press ◽  
Kimberly Cook ◽  
Nelson A. Cox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Horizontal Gene Transfer ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Food Animal ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
Major Shift

The reported increase in antibiotic-resistant bacteria in humans has resulted in a major shift away from antibiotic use in food animal production. This shift has been driven by the assumption that removing antibiotics will select for antibiotic susceptible bacterial taxa, which in turn will allow the currently available antibiotic arsenal to be more effective.

scholarly journals Tetracycline-Resistant Bacteria Selected from Water and Zebrafish after Antibiotic Exposure

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 3218
Author(s):  
Ana Rita Almeida ◽  
Marta Tacão ◽  
Joana Soares ◽  
Inês Domingues ◽  
Isabel Henriques
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Significant Mortality

The emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens due to worldwide antibiotic use is raising concern in several settings, including aquaculture. In this work, the selection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) was evaluated after exposure of zebrafish to oxytetracycline (OTC) for two months, followed by a recovery period. The selection of ARB in water and fish was determined using selective media. The abundance of tetA genes was estimated through qPCR. Higher prevalence of ARB was measured in all samples exposed to the antibiotic when compared to control samples, although statistical significance was only achieved five days after exposure. Isolates recovered from samples exposed to the antibiotic were affiliated with Pseudomonas and Stenotrophomonas. Various antibiotic susceptibility profiles were detected and 37% of the isolates displayed multidrug resistance (MDR). The selection of the tetA gene was confirmed by qPCR at the highest OTC concentration tested. Two MDR isolates, tested using zebrafish embryos, caused significant mortality, indicating a potential impact on fish health and survival. Overall, our work highlights the potential impact of antibiotic contamination in the selection of potential pathogenic ARB and ARGS.

scholarly journals Bacteria and Their Antibiotic Resistance Profiles in Ambient Air in Accra, Ghana, February 2020: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Godfred Saviour Kudjo Azaglo ◽  
Mohammed Khogali ◽  
Katrina Hann ◽  
John Alexis Pwamang ◽  
Emmanuel Appoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Bacterial Counts ◽  
Inappropriate Use

Inappropriate use of antibiotics has led to the presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in ambient air. There is no published information about the presence and resistance profiles of bacteria in ambient air in Ghana. We evaluated the presence and antibiotic resistance profiles of selected bacterial, environmental and meteorological characteristics and airborne bacterial counts in 12 active air quality monitoring sites (seven roadside, two industrial and three residential) in Accra in February 2020. Roadside sites had the highest median temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and PM10 concentrations, and median airborne bacterial counts in roadside sites (115,000 CFU/m3) were higher compared with industrial (35,150 CFU/m3) and residential sites (1210 CFU/m3). Bacillus species were isolated in all samples and none were antibiotic resistant. There were, however, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas species, non-hemolytic Streptococci, Coliforms and Staphylococci species, of which six (50%) showed mono-resistance or multidrug resistance to four antibiotics (penicillin, ampicillin, ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone). There was a positive correlation between PM10 concentrations and airborne bacterial counts (rs = 0.72), but no correlations were found between PM10 concentrations and the pathogenic bacteria nor their antibiotic resistance. We call for the expansion of surveillance of ambient air to other cities of Ghana to obtain nationally representative information.

scholarly journals Exploring gender differences in knowledge and practices related to antibiotic use in Southeast Asia: A scoping review

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0259069
Author(s):  
Phuc Pham-Duc ◽  
Kavitha Sriparamananthan
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Males And Females

Inappropriate use of antibiotics has been one of the main contributors to antimicrobial resistance, particularly in Southeast Asia. Different genders are prone to different antibiotic use practices. The objective of this scoping review is to understand the extent and type of evidence available on gender differences in antibiotic use across Southeast Asia. The search strategy for this scoping review involved PubMed, Semantic Scholar, BioMed Central and ProQuest. Two-level screening was applied to identify the final sample of relevant sources. Thematic content analysis was then conducted on the selected final sources to identify recurring themes related to gender differences in antibiotic use and a narrative account was developed based on the themes. Recommendations for next steps regarding reducing inappropriate antibiotic use and gender considerations that need to be made when developing future interventions were also identified. Research on gender and antibiotic use remains scarce. Studies that discuss gender within the context of antibiotic use often mention differences between males and females in knowledge, attitudes and/or behaviour, however, do not explore reasons for these differences. Gender differences in antibiotic use were generally examined in terms of: (i) knowledge of antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance and (ii) practices related to antibiotic use. Evidence indicated that differences between males and females in knowledge and practices of antibiotic use varied greatly based on setting. This indicates that gender differences in antibiotic use are greatly contextual and intersect with other sociodemographic factors, particularly education and socioeconomic status. Educational interventions that are targeted to meet the specific needs of males and females and delivered through pharmacists and healthcare professionals were the most common recommendations for reducing inappropriate use of antibiotics in the community. Such targeted interventions require further qualitative research on factors influencing differences in knowledge and practices related to antibiotic use among males and females. In addition, there is also a need to strengthen monitoring and regulation practices to ensure accessibility to affordable, quality antibiotics through trusted sources.

scholarly journals Overuse of antibiotics in maternity and neonatal wards, a descriptive report from public hospitals in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mwaka Athuman Kakolwa ◽  
Susannah L. Woodd ◽  
Alexander M. Aiken ◽  
Fatuma Manzi ◽  
Giorgia Gon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotics ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Descriptive Data ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Control Drug ◽  
Postnatal Women

Abstract Background: Overuse of antibiotics is a major challenge and undermines measures to control drug resistance worldwide. Postnatal women and newborns are at risk of infections and are often prescribed prophylactic antibiotics, although there is no evidence to support their universal use in either group. Methods: We performed point prevalence surveys in three hospitals in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, in 2018 to collect descriptive data on antibiotic use and infections in maternity and neonatal wards. Results: Prescribing of antibiotics was high in all three hospitals ranging from 90% (43/48) to 100% (34/34) in women after cesarean section, from 1.4% (1/73) to 63%(30/48) in women after vaginal delivery, and from 89%(76/85) to 100%(77/77) in neonates. The most common reason for prescribing antibiotics was medical prophylaxis in both maternity and neonatal wards.Conclusion: We observed substantial overuse of antibiotics in postnatal women and newborns.This calls for urgent antibiotic stewardship programs in Tanzanian hospitals to curb the inappropriate use and limit the spread of antimicrobial resistance.

scholarly journals Better living through chemistry: Addressing emerging antibiotic resistance

2018 ◽  
Vol 243 (6) ◽  
pp. 538-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan P Coussens ◽  
Ashley L Molinaro ◽  
Kayla J Culbertson ◽  
Tyler Peryea ◽  
Gergely Zahoránszky-Köhalmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Small Molecule Drugs

The increasing emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria is recognized as a major threat to human health worldwide. While the use of small molecule antibiotics has enabled many modern medical advances, it has also facilitated the development of resistant organisms. This minireview provides an overview of current small molecule drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in humans, the unintended consequences of antibiotic use, and the mechanisms that underlie the development of drug resistance. Promising new approaches and strategies to counter antibiotic-resistant bacteria with small molecules are highlighted. However, continued public investment in this area is critical to maintain an edge in our evolutionary “arms race” against antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. Impact statement The alarming increase in antibiotic-resistant microorganisms is a rapidly emerging threat to human health throughout the world. Historically, small molecule drugs have played a major role in controlling bacterial infections and they continue to offer tremendous potential in countering resistant organisms. This minireview provides a broad overview of the relevant issues, including the diversity of FDA-approved small molecule drugs and mechanisms of drug resistance, unintended consequences of antibiotic use, the current state of development for small molecule antibacterials and financial challenges that impact progress towards novel therapies. The content will be informative to diverse stakeholders, including clinicians, basic scientists, translational scientists and policy makers, and may be used as a bridge between these key players to advance the development of much-needed therapeutics.

The invisible pandemic: Antimicrobial resistance

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (5) ◽  
pp. 14-16
Author(s):  
Graham Cope
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
The Invisible

Graham Cope looks at how antibiotic resistant bacteria have fared during the coronavirus pandemic

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